Tiyeni tingophunzira za magawo ndi magiredi a khansa ya m'mawere.

Dokotala akakuuzani kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere, ndi zachilendo kumva mantha, kudabwa, komanso kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri. Dokotala akanena kuti, "Iyi ndi khansa ya Gawo 2" kapena "Giredi 3," mungadabwe kuti mawu awa amatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni. Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha kwambiri mukamva mawu ngati awa. Komabe, kudziwa bwino za zinthuzi kudzakuthandizani inu ndi banja lanu kukhala olimba m'maganizo ndikupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi chithandizo chamtsogolo. Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta lero.

Kodi pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya khansa: 'Gawo' ndi 'Giredi'?

Inde, izi ndi zinthu ziwiri. Zonsezi zimapatsa madokotala chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza mtundu wa khansa yanu.

Mwachidule:

• Gawo la Khansa: Ganizirani khansa ngati moto wawung'ono womwe umayambira m'nyumba. 'Gawo' limatanthauza kutalika kwa motowo mkati mwa nyumba, kaya wafalikira kupitirira bere mpaka ku ma lymph nodes m'khwapa kapena ku ziwalo zina. Chiwerengero cha gawo chikachepa, khansayo imafalikira pang'ono.

• Gawo la Khansa: Ganiziraninso za moto umenewo. 'Gawo' likutanthauza kuopsa kwa motowo komanso kufalikira kwake mwachangu. Madokotala amawona maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone kufanana kwawo ndi maselo athanzi komanso momwe akugawikana mwachangu. Gawo lalikulu, khansayo ikakhala yoopsa kwambiri.

Mfundo zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti dokotala asankhe njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa inu.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya m'mawere ndi ati?

Magawo a khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi manambala kuyambira 0 mpaka 4. Nthawi zina zilembo monga A, B, ndi C zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza magawowa.

Kuyeza khansa ndi mayeso ena ofunikira

Dokotala amasankha kuchuluka kwa khansa pofufuza maselo a khansa omwe apezeka kudzera mu opaleshoni kapena biopsy.

• Giredi 1: Maselo a khansa amafanana kwambiri ndi maselo athanzi. Amakula pang'onopang'ono.
• Giredi 2: Maselo a khansa ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi maselo athanzi. Amakula pang'onopang'ono.
• Giredi 3: Maselo a khansa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi maselo athanzi ndipo amaoneka osokonezeka. Amatha kukula ndi kufalikira mwachangu.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotalayo akuchita mayeso ena ofunikira angapo.

• Mkhalidwe wa Cholandirira Mahomoni: Maselo ena a khansa ya m'mawere amagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni otchedwa estrogen ndi progesterone kuti akule.
• ER-positive (ER+) imatanthauza kuti khansa imagwiritsa ntchito hormone ya estrogen kuti ikule.
• PR-positive (PR+) imatanthauza kuti progesterone ya mahomoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Ngati izi zili ndi zotsatira zabwino, khansa ikhoza kuthetsedwa popereka chithandizo cha mahomoni.

• Mkhalidwe wa HER2: `HER2` ndi puloteni yomwe imalamulira kukula kwa maselo. Maselo ena a khansa amapanga puloteni ya `HER2` yochuluka kwambiri (`HER2-positive`). Kenako khansa imatha kukula mofulumira. Pa khansa ya `HER2-positive`, pali mankhwala enaake (Targeted Therapy) omwe amalimbana ndi puloteniyo.

Kodi dongosolo la TNM ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka padziko lonse yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito podziwa bwino momwe khansa ilili. Ngakhale kuti ingawoneke ngati yovuta, ingapereke chithunzi cholondola cha khansa yanu.

• T (Chotupa): Imayesa kukula kwa khansa komanso ngati yafalikira ku minofu yozungulira.
• N (Ma Node): Amayesa ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mpaka pati.
• M (Metastasis): Imayesa ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali kunja kwa bere.

Gawo lonse la khansa yanu limatsimikiziridwa powonjezera manambala okhudzana ndi chilembo chilichonse mwa izi (monga T1, N0, M0). Ngati muwona chizindikiro chilichonse mwa izi pa lipoti lanu, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu kuti akufotokozereni.

Kodi tiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka 5 zomwe tingakhale ndi moyo?

Mawu awa amaopseza aliyense. Izi zikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa anthu 100 omwe apezeka ndi khansa panthawi inayake omwe adzakhala ndi moyo patatha zaka 5.

• Kwa khansa yoyambirira (yomwe imapezeka m'dera lina), chiŵerengerochi ndi chokwera kufika pa 99% .
• Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kumeneku kumakhala kotsika khansa ikafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali (Kutali/Gawo 4), chifukwa cha mankhwala amakono amakono, anthu ambiri atha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndikukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri ngakhale ali ndi khansa ya Gawo 4 .

Choncho, musavutike ndi ziwerengero zomwe zili pa intaneti. Cholinga chanu chikhale kutsatira dongosolo lanu lapadera la chithandizo.Lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za nkhaniyi.