Mukavulala pang'ono, kutuluka magazi kumasiya pakapita kanthawi, sichoncho? Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha njira yodabwitsa yomwe imachitika m'thupi lathu. Koma kwa anthu ena, kutuluka magazi sikuletsa izi mosavuta. Ngakhale kupweteka pang'ono kungayambitse kutuluka magazi. Lero, tikambirana za matenda otchedwa hemophilia, omwe anthu ambiri adamvapo koma sakudziwa kwenikweni. Tisanayambe kuchita mantha, tiyeni timvetse bwino lomwe.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi hemophilia?
Mwachidule, kulikonse komwe magazi akutuluka m'thupi mwathu, chinthu chonga 'plug' chimapangidwa kuti chiletse kutuluka magazi. Timachitcha kuti fibrin clot. Kuti apange clot iyi, mapuloteni ambiri apadera m'magazi athu amafunika kugwira ntchito limodzi. Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha "clotting factors."
Hemophilia ndi vuto lomwe chimodzi mwa zinthuzi zoyambitsa magazi kuundana, makamaka factor VIII kapena factor IX, sichipezeka kapena chimachepa kuyambira kubadwa. Kenako, magazi kuundana sapangidwa bwino, ndipo kutuluka magazi kumapitirira popanda kusiya.
Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi vutoli, adzakuyesani kangapo magazi anu.
- Gawo loyamba: Chitsanzo cha magazi anu chimatengedwa ndipo labu imayesa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti magaziwo aundane.
- Gawo 2: Ngati mayeso amenewo akusonyeza vuto lililonse, mayeso ena apadera adzachitika kuti aone kuchuluka kwa chinthu VIII ndi chinthu IX m'magazi mwanu.
Mayeso awa angathandize dokotala wanu kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa hemophilia yomwe muli nayo (Hemophilia A kapena B), komanso kuopsa kwake.
Kodi mankhwala a hemophilia ndi otani?
Chithandizo cha hemophilia chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matenda omwe muli nawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi hemophilia yochepa , mungafunike chithandizo pokhapokha mutavulala kapena musanachite opaleshoni.
Komabe, ngati muli ndi vuto la hemophilia yoopsa , komwe mumatuluka magazi pafupipafupi, muyenera kupitiriza kulandira chithandizo nthawi zonse kuti mupewe kutuluka magazi komanso kuti mafupa anu asawonongeke komanso kufooka.
Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira:
- Kusintha chinthu chofooka chotseka magazi (Replacement therapy)
- Mankhwala ena enieni
- Chithandizo cha zotsatirapo zoyipa monga kutuluka magazi m'malo olumikizirana mafupa
Kupereka chinthu chosowa choteteza magazi kuundana
Uwu ndiye chithandizo chachikulu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi lanu mlingo wa chinthu chotseka magazi chomwe sichikupezeka kudzera mu mtsempha (m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha).
- Chinthu VIII kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemophilia APerekani.
- Factor IX imaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemophilia B.
Zinthu zimenezi zimapangidwa m'njira ziwiri. Chimodzi chimachokera ku plasma yamagazi yoperekedwa . China ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi DNA zopangidwa ndi mankhwala kapena zophatikizana zomwe zimapangidwa mu labotale . Mitundu yatsopano ya zinthu zomwe zilipo masiku ano yapangidwa kuti ikhale nthawi yayitali m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, sizifunika kubayidwa jakisoni pafupipafupi monga momwe zinalili kale.
Mankhwala ena enieni
Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi m'thupi, palinso mankhwala ena amakono omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi.
| Mankhwala (dzina la kampani) | Kwa ndani? | Mfundo zofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Emicizumab-kxwh (HEMLIBRA) | Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemophilia A | Zimathandiza kupewa kutuluka magazi. Izi siziperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, koma monga jakisoni wopangidwa pansi pa khungu kamodzi pa sabata. |
| Mankhwala monga Adynovate, Idelvion | Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemophilia A kapena B | Izi ndi zinthu zopangidwa bwino zomwe zimaperekedwa m'malo mwa Factor VIII kapena IX. Izi zimakhalabe m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. |
| Desmopressin (DDAVP) | Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemophilia yocheperako A | Mankhwalawa amawonjezera kwakanthawi kuchuluka kwa factor VIII m'thupi. Angaperekedwe kudzera m'mitsempha, monga jakisoni, kapena ngati spray ya m'mphuno. |
| Tranexamic acid, Aminocaproic acid | Mu milandu yapadera | Mankhwala awa ndi omwe amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi. Amagwira ntchito poletsa magazi kuundana kuti asasungunuke mosavuta. |
| Obizur | Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemophilia A | Uwu ndi vuto lapadera. Si vuto lomwe munthu amabadwa nalo. Limatha kukula mtsogolo chifukwa cha zinthu monga mimba ndi khansa. Limachiritsidwa ndi mtundu wa factor VIII womwe umachokera ku nkhumba. |
Dziwani ngati magazi akutuluka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa ndi mavuto ena.
Chizindikiro chofala cha hemophilia ndi kutuluka magazi m'malo olumikizirana mafupa . Izi zitha kuchitika m'malo monga mawondo, zigongono, ndi akakolo. Izi zikachitika, malo olumikizirana mafupa amatupa ndipo amapweteka.
- Chithandizo: Ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo cha factor nthawi yomweyo. Kupanda kutero, kuwonongeka kosatha kwa cholumikizira kungachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu adzakulangizani kuti mupumule cholumikiziracho ndikupaka ayezi . Izi zichepetsa ululu ndi kutupa.
- Pambuyo: Ululu ukatha, chithandizo chamankhwala chingalimbikitsidwenso kuti chithandize kubwezeretsa kuyenda ndi mphamvu za mafupa.
Komanso, muyenera kusamala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumachita. Si masewera onse oyenera munthu amene ali ndi vuto la magazi m'thupi. Masewera owopsa komanso ogwirizana angayambitse kutuluka magazi mkati. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi masewera omwe ali oyenera komanso omwe sali oyenera kwa inu.
Kodi mankhwala angayambitse mavuto?
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ndi otetezeka kwambiri masiku ano, pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
1. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha magazi
Kale, cha m'ma 1980, panali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga mavairasi monga HIV ndi chiwindi kuchokera ku zinthu zochokera m'magazi. Koma tsopano simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi zimenezo. Masiku ano, opereka magazi amawunikidwa mosamala kwambiri, ndipo magazi onse operekedwa amayesedwa mavairasi ndikutsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera. Chifukwa chake tsopano chiopsezo chotenga matenda kuchokera ku chithandizo ndi chochepa kwambiri. Komabe, madokotala amalimbikitsa kulandira katemera wa chiwindi cha A ndi B.
2. Kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi (Zoletsa)
Izi n'zovuta pang'ono, koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa. Nthawi zina, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, chomwe ndi chitetezo cha thupi lathu, chimazindikira chinthu ichi chomwe timachipatsa ngati 'mdani'. Kenako, chimayamba kuwononga chinthu chimenecho. Timachitcha kuti kupanga "zoletsa" . Ngati izi zitachitika, chithandizo chomwe mukumwa sichingagwire ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amayesa magazi anu kuti aone ngati izi zitachitika.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Hemophilia ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amakhudza magazi kuundana.
- Chithandizo chachikulu ndi kupereka mankhwala a exogenous factor VIII kapena IX, omwe ndi osowa m'thupi.
- Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu, kutengera mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa vuto lanu.
- Kutuluka magazi m'malo olumikizirana mafupa n'kofala, ndipo ngati kukuchitika, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza chithandizo mwachangu.
- Mankhwala a hemophilia omwe akuperekedwa masiku ano ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Musawaope mopanda chifukwa.
- Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi vutoli, nthawi zonse muzigwira ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu ndipo tsatirani malangizo ake.
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