Kusintha kwa mawu? Mwina uku ndi (Matenda a Mawu)! Kodi tikambirane?

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kusintha kwa mawu anu, kugwedezeka mawu, kapena kuvutika kulankhula? Mwina chinachake chakumangika pakhosi panu, kapena mumamva kutopa mukamalankhula? Izi sizingakhale zizindikiro za chimfine chokha. Zingakhale zizindikiro za 'Matenda a Mawu' . Tiyeni tikambirane izi mwatsatanetsatane lero.

Kodi Matenda a Mawu ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, mavuto a mawu ndi chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza luso lanu lolankhula. Izi zitha kusintha mtundu wa mawu anu, kamvekedwe ka mawu, kapena kukweza kwa mawu anu.

Tangoganizani, nthawi zambiri tikamalankhula, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika. Tikamapuma, mpweya wochokera m'mapapo umadutsa mu trachea (windpipe) pamwamba pa mmero ndikulowa mu kholingo . Mkati mwa kholingo lanu, pamwamba pa kholingo, muli zingwe ziwiri zoimbira mawu . Tikamapuma, zingwe ziwirizi zimatseguka. Koma tikamayesa kulankhula, zingwe ziwirizi zimalumikizana ndikugwedezeka pamene mpweya wochokera m'mapapo ukudutsa. Kugwedezeka kumeneko ndiko komwe kumapanga mawu athu.

Komabe, kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la mawu, chinachake chimasokoneza njirayi. Pamenepo ndi pamene mawu amamveka mosiyana.

Matenda a mawu awa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

1. Matenda a Zamoyo: Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali vuto ndi kapangidwe ka kholingo, mawu, kapena mapapu. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kosazolowereka mu kholingo.

2. Matenda a Mitsempha: Apa ndi pamene pali mtundu wina wa zotsatira pa mitsempha yomwe imalamulira kholingo. Tangoganizirani, ngati pali kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa mitsempha yomwe imalamulira mawu athu, pakhoza kukhala kusintha kwa mawu.

3. Matenda Ogwira Ntchito: Pankhaniyi, kapangidwe ka mawu, monga kholingo, zingwe zoimbira mawu, ndi mapapo, ndi kabwinobwino, koma sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene minofu ya zingwe zoimbira mawu imakhala yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Nthawi zina, kupsinjika kwambiri, malingaliro, ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro anu kungakhudzenso mawu anu.

Nthawi zina mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imatha kuchitika limodzi, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukhala ndi vuto la kupindika kwa mawu.Tiyerekeze kuti pali vuto. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupindika kwa mawu kumodzi sikukugwira ntchito bwino. Kenako kupindika kwina kwa mawu, komwe sikukugwira ntchito bwino, kungagwire ntchito molimbika, zomwe zingakupangitseni kupanikizika pakhosi. Ichi ndi vuto la magwiridwe antchito. Kapena, kupanikizika kwambiri pakhosi (matenda ogwirira ntchito) kungayambitse matenda a kapangidwe ka mawu monga ma nodules opindika.

Vuto la mawu lingakulepheretseni kulankhula ndi ena ndi kufotokoza maganizo anu. Izi zingakhudze kwambiri moyo wanu. Koma kumbukirani kuti pali njira zochizira izi.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amayambitsa kusintha kwa mawu?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda omwe angayambitse kusintha kwa mawu. Nazi zina mwa izo:

• Laryngitis: Izi ndi kukwiya kapena kutupa kwa mawu anu. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa. Zingayambitsidwe ndi ziwengo kapena matenda a m'mapapo. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawu anu amveke ngati osamveka bwino mukakhala ndi chimfine.
• Kutopa kwa Minofu: Izi zimachitika pamene minofu yomwe ili mkati ndi/kapena mozungulira bokosi lanu la mawu (larynx) imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Matendawa angakhudzenso minofu ya khosi, mapewa, ndi kumbuyo kwanu. Zingamveke ngati mukugwira mphuno mukamalankhula.
• Kusokonezeka kwa Mitsempha / Kusokonezeka kwa Mitsempha: Iyi ndi matenda amitsempha. Amayambitsa kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa zingwe zolumikizira mawu. Zingapangitse mawu anu kusweka kapena kumveka ngati mawu onyowa mukamalankhula.
• Zilonda za m'chingwe cha mawu: Izi ndi zotupa zomwe sizimayambitsa khansa (zosavulaza). Mwachitsanzo, timibulu, ma polyps, kapena ma cysts amatha kupangika pa timibulu ta mawu. Izi zimatha kukhudza mawu.
• Kulephera kwa Vocal Cord: Apa ndi pamene ma vocal cord anu amasiya kugwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimakupangitsani kutaya mphamvu pa minofu ya m'khola mwanu.

Kuonjezera pa izi, palinso matenda a m'mapapo anu apamwamba. Ngakhale kuti izi sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu, zimagwirizana ndi kholingo ndi zingwe zolumikizira mawu. Izi ndi izi:

• Kutsekeka kwa Laryngeal (ILO): Izi zimatchedwanso Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder (PVFM). Kapena Vocal Cord Dysfunction.
• Kutsekeka kwa Mphuno Koyambitsidwa ndi Kuchita Maseŵera Olimbitsa Thupi (EILO):

Ngati muli ndi `ILO` kapena `EILO`, mawu anu kapena ziwalo zina pakhosi panu zingasunthe molakwika mukamapuma. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma bwino.

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto la mawu ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za vuto la mawu zimasiyana malinga ndi chomwe chimayambitsa. Mawu anu angamveke motere:

• Mawu olimba komanso opapatiza (`Omangika`): Ngati kuti pakhosi pamakhala popapatiza polankhula.
• Kupsa mtima kapena kupsa mtima: Ngati mamina.
• Mpweya kapena mpweya: Mawu samveka bwino, ngati kuti ndi mpweya chabe.
• Kumva ngati pali chimfine pakhosi, kumva kunyowa (`Gurgly kapena wet`):
• Wofooka, wolankhula mokweza mawu, wovuta kufotokoza: Sangathe kulankhula mokweza, akuwoneka kuti akulankhula pang'onopang'ono.
• Mawu okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri:
• Kumva mawu okweza kwambiri kapena ofewa kwambiri:
• Kusalingana kapena kugwedezeka, ndi kusweka kapena mipata mu mawu: Kulephera kusunga mawu okhazikika pamene akulankhula.

Kuphatikiza apo, mungamve kupweteka mukamalankhula, kapena mungafunike kuvutika kuti mulankhule. Mungamve ngati pali 'chotupa pakhosi panu'.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la mawu?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha vuto la mawu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawu anu mopitirira muyeso . Ngati mukuwa, kuimba, kapena kungolankhula kwambiri, mawu anu akhoza kuwonongeka. Taganizirani izi, chifukwa anthu monga aphunzitsi ndi oimba amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo nthawi zonse, amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza mavuto amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, panali mphunzitsi woimba kusukulu yathu yemwe nthawi zonse anali ndi vuto la mawu chifukwa anali atatopa kuphunzitsa ana nyimbo tsiku lonse.

Nthawi zina, matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a nthawi yochepa (oopsa), monga chimfine, ziwengo, kapena matenda a sinus (sinusitis). Matendawa amayambitsa kutupa pakhosi, komwe kumasintha momwe mpweya umayendera. Matendawa akatha, nthawi zambiri mawu amabwerera mwakale mkati mwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo.

Komabe, mavuto ovuta kwambiri a mawu amapezeka pamene pali vuto ndi kapangidwe kake, minofu, kapena mitsempha ya kholingo, zingwe zoimbira mawu, kapena zingwe zoimbira mawu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mawu?

Matenda a mawu angakhudze aliyense, koma zinthu zina zingawonjezere chiopsezo:

• Zaka ndi jenda: Azimayi opitirira zaka 60 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Ntchito: Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ambiri, monga aphunzitsi, oimba, ndi ogulitsa pa telefoni. (Mu kafukufuku wina wa aphunzitsi pafupifupi 1,000, oposa theka la iwo anali ndi vuto la mawu.)
• Makhalidwe: Zinthu monga kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya.
• Opaleshoni:Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni pakhosi panu (monga opaleshoni ya chithokomiro) kapena njira yopumira.
• Matenda a Hormonal: Ngati muli ndi matenda monga Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disease, kapena Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
• Matenda ena: Matenda a Mitsempha, Matenda a Autoimmune, Matenda a Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD), Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR), Khansa ya M'khosi, Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, kapena Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mowa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matenda a mawu?

Wopereka chithandizo chanu chachikulu akhoza kuzindikira vuto la mawu. Kapena, angakutumizireni kwa katswiri wa matenda a chilankhulo cholankhulidwa (SLP) kapena dokotala wa khutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi (laryngologist).

Madokotala awa adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yachipatala, komanso momwe mavuto awa ndi mawu anu akukukhudzirani kunyumba, kuntchito, komanso kusukulu.

Dokotala adzakumvetserani mosamala mukamalankhula. Adzakuyang'anani nkhope yanu, mutu wanu, khosi lanu, ndi pakhosi panu pamene mukulankhula ndi kupuma. Angakuuzeni kuti munene mawu enaake, kapena kuti musunge mawu enaake kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena kuti mukweze kapena kutsitsa mawu anu.

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi awa - monga kupweteka, kukanda pakhosi, kapena kupuma movutikira - musaiwale kuuza dokotala wanu.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe vutoli?

Kuti muwone momwe zingwe zanu zolumikizira mawu ndi mawu zikugwira ntchito, mutha kuyesedwa zithunzi monga izi:

• Kuyeza laryngoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chubu chopyapyala komanso chofewa (scope) chokhala ndi kamera ya kanema yolumikizidwa kuti chiyang'ane mkati mwa pakhosi panu. Dokotala angatengenso zitsanzo (biopsy) kuchokera ku zingwe zolumikizira mawu kuti aone ngati pali zotupa (nodules), ma polyps, kapena ma cysts.
• Videostroboscopy: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito chubu (scope) cholumikizidwa ku kamera yapadera. Chimatha kuwona zingwe zanu zomvera zikuyenda pang'onopang'ono pamene mukupanga phokoso. Zili ngati kanema woyenda pang'onopang'ono.
• Laryngeal Electromyography (LEMG): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito electrode kuyeza zizindikiro za mitsempha zomwe zimapangidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito minofu ya m'khosi mwanu.
• MRI kapena CT scan:Izi zimathandiza dokotala kujambula zithunzi za mwatsatanetsatane za mawu ndi kholingo. Izi zimathandiza dokotala kuona ngati pali zotupa zina zachilendo.

Kodi matenda a mawu amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Matenda ena a mawu a kanthawi kochepa amatha kuchiritsidwa mwa kungopumitsa mawu anu. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti musiye kufuula, kuimba, kapena kufinya mawu anu kwa masiku angapo. Mungauzidwenso kuti musamalankhule kwambiri momwe mungathere.

Mankhwala ena ndi awa:

• Chithandizo cha Mawu: Akatswiri a Pathology (SLPs) amakuphunzitsani njira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti akuthandizeni kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawu anu. Izi zikuthandizani kulankhulana bwino. Amakuphunzitsaninso momwe mungasamalire mawu anu kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino la mawu.
• Mankhwala: Ngati vuto lanu la mawu limayamba chifukwa cha LPR (acid reflux) kapena GERD (acid reflux disease), mankhwala oletsa ma pump a proton (PPIs) kapena mankhwala ena angathandize. Mavuto ena a mawu angafunike ma steroids kapena maantibayotiki.
• Njira zachipatala kapena opaleshoni: Mungafunike opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupa pa minyewa yanu yolankhulira. Mungafunike jakisoni wa poizoni wa botulinum kuti muchepetse minofu yolimba ya minyewa yolankhulira. Ngati minyewa yanu yolankhulira yatha, dokotala wanu akhoza kubaya jakisoni wodzaza kuti atseke mpata pakati pa minyewa yanu yolankhulira. Kapena, angaike choyikapo kuti chithandize kulumikiza minyewa yanu yolankhulira (yotchedwa medialization laryngoplasty).

Kodi mavuto a mawu angapewedwe?

Ngakhale kuti mavuto ena a mawu omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso amatha kupewedwa, ambiri ndi ovuta kuwapewa. Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu posamalira mawu anu. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Pewani kusuta fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kumwa mowa.
• Sungani madzi okwanira m'mitsempha yanu ya mawu mwa kumwa madzi ambiri. (Mukamwa madzi, amalowa m'thupi lanu ndipo amathandiza kuti mitsempha yanu ya mawu iziyendana mosavuta.)
• Chitanipo kanthu kuti mupewe matenda mwa kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi.
• Ngati mumagwira ntchito yomwe imafuna mawu ambiri, pumani mawu anu nthawi zonse.
• Dziwani malire abwino ogwiritsira ntchito mawu anu.

Ngati mukuyenera kulankhula kapena kuimba kwambiri, dziwani thupi lanu. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa mawu omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi, popanda kukonzekera mokwanira, kungayambitse kutopa ndi kuvulala.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha kuchira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ndi chotani?

Matenda a mawu omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri amakhala akanthawi kochepa. Samayambitsa kuwonongeka kosatha. Komabe, ngati vuto lanu la mawu ndi lovuta kwambiri, zingafunike khama pang'ono kuti muchiritse kapena kuthana ndi vutoli. Mungafunike opaleshoni kapena nthawi zingapo zochiritsira mawu. Komabe, anthu ambiri amathetsa mavuto awo a mawu ndi chithandizo.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji?

Njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira mawu anu ndikutsatira ndondomeko yanu ya chithandizo. Komabe, ndikofunikiranso kusamalira thanzi lanu la maganizo. Zikakhala zovuta kulankhula, anthu angaganize kuti sangathe kufotokoza maganizo awo momasuka. Kwa ana, izi zingayambitse kudziona kuti ndi osafunika. Kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti mawu awo amveke kungakhale kovuta komanso kodzipatula.

Ngati mukuvutika ndi mavuto amtunduwu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Mufunseni za zinthu zomwe zingakuthandizeni.

Kodi ndiyenera kupeza upangiri wa dokotala liti?

Ngati muwona kusintha kosamveka bwino kwa mawu anu komwe sikukusintha patatha milungu ingapo, konzani nthawi yoti mukaone dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kulandira chithandizo msanga kungathandize kupewa zizindikiro kuti zisakule kwambiri. Kungatetezenso kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mawu anu, komwe nthawi zambiri kungafunike chithandizo chachikulu, monga opaleshoni.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Ndi makhalidwe ati omwe ndiyenera kusintha kuti ndisinthe mawu anga?
• Ndi chithandizo chamtundu wanji chomwe ndikufuna ndipo chingatenge nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndi anthu otani omwe ndiyenera kugwira nawo ntchito?
• Kodi pali mwayi wotani woti mavuto anga a mawu athe kwathunthu?
• Kodi mungandiuze zinthu zomwe zingandithandize kuthana ndi vuto la mawu?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Matenda a mawu angapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kulankhulana ndi ena. Koma mukalandira chithandizo choyenera, mutha kusintha mawu anu kukhala abwino. Izi zingakuthandizeni kuti muyambe kumvetsetsa bwino mawu anu popanda kusokoneza mawu anu.

Ngati muwona kusintha kwa mawu anu komwe kumatenga milungu yoposa ingapo, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Iye akhoza kuzindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa ndikukupatsani chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Kumbukirani, chithandizo choyambirira ndi chofunikira kwambiri!

Matenda a Mawu , Zingwe za Mawu, Laryngitis, Maphunziro a Mawu, Pakhosi Lopweteka, Chithandizo cha Kulankhula