Ngati mutatenga paketi ya mabisiketi, mtsuko wa jamu, kapena paketi ya soseji ku sitolo, mwina mudzawona china chake chotchedwa 'zosungira' pakati pa zosakaniza. Nthawi zina izi zimalembedwa ngati nambala E. Kodi zosungira izi ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Nchifukwa chiyani zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya? Kodi si zabwino pa matupi athu? Lero, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za mafunso awa omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo.
N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kusunga chakudya?
Mwachidule, zinthu zosungira ndi zinthu zomwe zimaletsa chakudya kuwonongeka msanga. Popanda izo, chakudya chambiri chomwe timadya chingakhale ndi nkhungu, kuwonongeka, komanso poizoni mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
Taganizirani izi, kale, agogo athu ankagwiritsa ntchito mchere popanga zipatso zouma, viniga wothira, ndi shuga ndi uchi kuti asunge zakudya zokoma (monga dodol, kevumu) pachifukwa ichi. Izi zinali njira zachilengedwe zosungira zomwe zinalipo panthawiyo. Chomwe amachita ndikuletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timawononga chakudya ndikutidwalitsa, monga mabakiteriya, yisiti, ndi nkhungu.
Masiku ano, pamodzi ndi njira zachilengedwezi, zosungira zopanga zopangidwa m'ma laboratories zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya. Izi sizimawonjezedwa ku chakudya chokha, komanso ku zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala ena omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwonjezere nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti chosungira chilichonse chomwe chimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya, kaya chachilengedwe kapena chopangidwa, chizilamulidwa mosamala ndi akuluakulu aboma oteteza chakudya ndipo chivomerezedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu.
Kodi zinthu zachilengedwe zotetezera izi ndi ziti?
Zosungira zachilengedwe, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi zomwe zimachokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuchokera ku zinthu monga zomera, nyama, bowa, kapena algae. Sizipangidwa mwaluso m'ma laboratories.
Zinthu zambiri zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosungira zinthu.
- Mchere: Chosakaniza chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poumitsa ndi kuviika nyama ndi nsomba.
- Shuga: Shuga amathandiza kusunga zinthu monga jamu, cordial, ndi toffee.
- Viniga: Asidi wa acetic amene ali mmenemo amaletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukula. Ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa nkhaka.
- Citric Acid: Imapezeka mwachilengedwe mu zipatso monga mandimu, malalanje, ndi mapeyala. Imawonjezera kukoma kowawa muzakudya komanso imaletsa zipatso zodulidwa (monga maapulo) kuti zisasinthe mtundu.
- Chotsitsa cha Rosemary: Ichi ndi antioxidant yamphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chimaletsa zakudya zamafuta (masoseji, nyama) kuti zisayambe kununkha komanso kununkhira ngati zonunkha.
- Mafuta ena opangidwa ndi zomera ndi ofunikira: Mafuta omwe amapezeka mu zonunkhira monga sinamoni ndi cloves alinso ndi mphamvu zotetezera.
Kuwonjezera pa izi, mu ukadaulo wazakudya, zinthu monga `Chitosan` (chinthu chochokera ku zipolopolo za nyama monga nkhanu ndi nkhanu) ndi `Bacteriocins` (zinthu zopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya opindulitsa) zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosungira zachilengedwe.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zopangidwa ndi chiyani?
Ngakhale cholinga chachikulu cha zonsezi ndikuletsa chakudya kuti chisawonongeke, pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pawo. Tiyeni timvetse bwino pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo.
| Khalidwe | Zosungira zachilengedwe | Zosungira zopanga |
|---|---|---|
| Chitsime | Zinthu zachilengedwe monga zomera, ziwalo za nyama, mchere (mchere). | Mankhwala opangidwa mwaluso m'ma laboratories. |
| Zitsanzo | Mchere, shuga, viniga, madzi a mandimu (citric acid), zonunkhira. | Sodium Benzoate, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrates, BHA, BHT. |
| Zotsatirapo zomwe zingachitike pa thanzi | Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotetezeka. Komabe, ngati mutadya mopitirira muyeso (mchere, shuga), mavuto ena azaumoyo angabuke. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi ziwengo. | Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la khungu amatha kukhala ndi matenda monga mphumu, ziwengo, matenda a pakhungu, komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. |
| Mtengo ndi kupezeka | Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula. Zingakhale zovuta kupanga. Sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse. | Ndi yotsika mtengo. Itha kupangidwa mosavuta kwambiri. Imagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri. |
Kodi zinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu n’zoopsadi?
Anthu ambiri amaopa pankhani ya mankhwala osungira zinthu zopangidwa. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina wapeza zotsatirapo zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, ma nitrate ena akhoza kukhala ndi khansa, ndipo utoto wina ndi ma benzoate angagwirizane ndi kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso mwa ana.
Koma apa pali chinthu chofunikira kumvetsetsa. Zinthu zimenezi zimawonjezedwa ku chakudya pang'ono kwambiri komanso motetezeka. Makampani ogulitsa zakudya ayenera kutsatira malamulowa mosamala. Chifukwa chake, mwayi woti zinthu zomwe timadya ndi kumwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi vuto la ziwengo, ziphuphu pakhungu, kapena zizindikiro zina zachilendo mutadya chakudya china, mutha kukhala ndi vuto la ziwengo ku china chake chomwe chili mu chakudyacho. Zikatero, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
Ubwino wa zosungira
Ngakhale tikulankhula za zina mwa zoyipa zake, palinso zabwino zambiri zomwe timapeza kuchokera ku zosungira.
1. Chitetezo cha Chakudya: Chimatiteteza ku matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya mwa kupewa majeremusi oopsa monga botulism omwe angayambike mu nyama ndi nsomba.
2. Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa chakudya: Popeza chakudya chimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kutayika kwa chakudya panthawi yonyamula ndi kusungirako kumachepa kwambiri.
3. Chakudya chotsika mtengo: Popeza chakudya chimawonongeka ndipo kupanga zinthu zambiri kungathe kuchitika, titha kupeza zakudya zosiyanasiyana pamitengo yoyenera chaka chonse.
4e Kusunga zakudya: Zosungira zina, makamaka zoteteza ku ma antioxidants, zimaletsa kukhuthala ndi kuwonongeka kwa mavitamini ndi michere m'zakudya.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Zosungira ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimatiteteza mwa kupewa kuti chakudya chisawonongeke msanga, chisawonongeke, komanso chisawonongeke.
- Izi zagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: zachilengedwe (monga mchere, shuga, ndi viniga) ndi zopangidwa (zopangidwa m'ma laboratories).
- Ngakhale kuti zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimaonedwa kuti ndi zotetezeka, zinthu zopangidwa zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mkati mwa malire a chitetezo, omwe boma limalamulira mosamala.
- Mukagula chinthu kusitolo, ndi bwino kuwerenga chizindikirocho ndikudziwa zomwe zili mkati mwake. Muthanso kusankha zakudya zomwe zimati 'Palibe zowonjezera zotetezera'.
- Ngati muli ndi vuto, kukayikira, kapena vuto la chakudya kapena chinthu china chogwiritsidwa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana ndi dokotala wanu.
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