Ubwenge bw'umuntu ni iki? Ni ingenzi ku buzima bwacu ku rugero rungana iki?

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ushobora guhumeka, uko umutima wawe utera mu buryo busanzwe, uko amaso yawe agenda aha na hariya ndetse n'iyo ureba ikintu nta mbaraga cyangwa ngo umenye? Hari igice gito, ariko gikomeye cyane, kandi cy'ingenzi cyane mu mutwe wacu kigenzura ibi byose. Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Ibyo ni urwego rw'ubwonko . Mu by'ukuri, ibi ni nk'ikiraro gihuza ubwonko bwacu n'umugongo.

Ubwenge bw'umuntu ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, ubwonko bwawe niho ubwonko bwawe buhurira n'umugongo wawe. Mu by'ukuri, buherereye hasi cyane mu bwonko bwawe, ahagana inyuma y'umutwe wawe. Tekereza nk'igiti, igice cy'ingenzi cy'indabyo, gihuza indabyo n'igiti. Niyo mpamvu cyitwa kandi "igihimba cy'ubwonko."

Iki ni igice cy'imitsi yawe yo hagati . Gifite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi, byose bikorana. Buri gice gifite akazi kihariye. Ibi nibyo biguha imbaraga zo kumenyera ibikukikije, kugenda no gukora ibintu. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, aka gatsiko gato kagenzura ibintu udakeneye no gutekerezaho, ibintu bibaho mu buryo busanzwe, nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima, ari ingenzi ku buzima. Byongeye kandi, bifasha mu bintu nko kuringaniza umubiri wawe, guhuza imigendere y'umubiri, no gukora reflexes.

Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi y'ubwonko? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane?

Ubwonko bumeze nk'aho ari ho ihuriro ry'ubutumwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ni bwo bujyana ubutumwa hagati y'ubwonko bwawe n'umubiri wawe wose. Kandi, nk'uko twabivuze mbere, bugenzura ibintu byinshi bibaho mu buryo busanzwe, utabanje no kubitekerezaho. Tekereza ukuntu byakugora uramutse utekereje kuri ibi bintu?

Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bibaho mu buryo busanzwe kandi bigenzurwa n'uburyo bwo gutekereza:

• Kuringaniza: Bigufasha kwirinda kugwa iyo ugenda, wiruka, cyangwa uhagaze ahantu hamwe.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso: Bifasha mu kubungabunga umuvuduko w'amaraso w'umubiri ku rugero rusanzwe.
• Guhumeka: Dugenzura guhumeka kwacu tutabizi.
• Ingendo z'amaso: Igenzura icyerekezo turebamo n'ingendo z'amaso yacu.
• Imikorere n'imyitwarire yo mu maso: Imikorere y'imitsi yo mu maso iyo umwenyura kandi uvuga, hamwe no kohereza imyitwarire yo mu maso mu bwonko.
• Kumva: Bidufasha gusobanukirwa ibyo twumva binyuze mu kubyohereza mu bwonko.
• Igipimo cy'umutima: Igipimo cy'umutima gikoreshwa kigenzurwa uko bikenewe.
• Gusinzira no gukanguka: Bigenzura ibintu nko kudusinzira no kudukangura.
• Kumira: Bigenzura kumira ibiryo n'ibinyobwa.
• Uburyohe: Uburyohe ku rurimi bujyanwa mu bwonko.

Reba akazi gakomeye aka gace gato gashobora gukora!

Ni iki gituma ubwonko bukora neza? Bikora bite?

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva ijambo "reflexes. " "Brainstem reflexes" ni uburyo umubiri wawe uhita wiyumvamo mu gihe cy'impinduka mu bidukikije. Bibaho utabanje kubitekerezaho, kuko ubwonko bwawe buhita buguha amategeko umubiri wawe. Bigufasha kwirinda no kubaho.

Dore zimwe muri izo reflexes:

• Imitsi y'umutima n'imitsi: Ibi ni byo bigenga umuvuduko w'umutima n'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Gag reflex: Ibi birinda uburyo bwo guhumeka. Tekereza nawe, ibi nibyo bigutera gukorora iyo ibiryo byagufashe mu muhogo .
• Gutembera mu nda: Ibi nibyo bikura ibiryo n'ibinyobwa mu kanwa bijya mu nda.
• Umucyo w'amaso y'ijisho: Igice cy'umukara cy'ijisho ryawe (imboni) kigabanuka mu rumuri rwinshi kandi kirushaho kwaguka mu rumuri ruto, sibyo? Kigenzurwa n'iyi reflex.
• Gukomeza amaso yawe neza iyo umutwe wawe ugiye (Vestibulo-ocular reflex): Ibi bigufasha gukomeza amaso yawe neza nta guhindagurika, ndetse no mu gihe ugiye mu mutwe wawe.
• Ubushobozi bwo guhumeka: Ibi bigenzura ibintu nko guhumeka, gukorora no kwitsamura.

Ubwonko buherereye he? Ibice byabwo ni ibihe?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ubwonko buherereye mu gice cyo hasi cy'ubwonko bwawe, ahagana inyuma y'umutwe wawe. Aha niho ubwonko bwawe buhurira n'umugongo wawe.

Ubwonko bugizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Hagati mu bwonko: Iki ni igice kiri hejuru y'umutwe w'ubwonko. Gifasha cyane cyane mu bintu nko kwimura amaso no gusobanukirwa ibyo tubona n'ibyo twumva.

2. Pons: Iyi iherereye hagati mu gice cy'ubwonko. Iki gice gihuza imikorere yo mu maso n'amaso, ibyiyumvo byo mu maso, kumva, no kuringaniza.

3. Medulla oblongata: Iki ni igice cy'ubwonko kigenzura imirimo y'ingenzi y'ubuzima, nko guhumeka, gutera k'umutima, umuvuduko w'amaraso, no kumira.

Uretse ibi bice, `Reticular Activating System (RAS)` iri mu gice cy'ubwonkoHariho kandi urusobe rw'ingenzi cyane rw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi twitwa "Neurons", tugizwe n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi dutwara ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire mu bwonko bwacu. Hamwe n'ikindi gice cy'ubwonko bwawe cyitwa "Thalamus" yawe, iyi "RAS" ni yo idukomeza kuba maso (kwitonda), ikatumenyesha ibidukikije, kandi ikagenzura imikorere yacu yo gusinzira no kubyuka.

Ese natwe twakwiga ku mitsi yo mu mutwe ifitanye isano n'ubwonko?

Wigeze wumva ibyerekeye 'Imitsi yo mu bwonko'? Iyi ni imitsi itangira mu bwonko. Hariho imitsi 12 yo mu bwonko mu mubiri wacu. Imitsi 10 muri iyi (ni ukuvuga kuva ku ya 3 kugeza ku ya 12) iherereye mu gice cy'ubwonko. Iyi mitsi ifasha mu mikorere y'umubiri wacu, ibyiyumvo (ibyiyumvo), uburyohe, kumva, n'ibindi.

Ubwonko bumeze bute?

Ubwonko busa n'igitereko cy'indabyo cyangwa igitereko cy'igiti. Ni imiterere isa n'umuyoboro. Igizwe n'imitsi y'ubwonko. Ubusanzwe ifite uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 5 na 7.

Ni izihe ndwara zigira ingaruka ku gice cy'ubwonko?

Ikibabaje ni uko impanuka n'indwara zitandukanye bishobora kwangiza ubwonko. Zimwe muri izi ndwara zirimo:

• Amaraso apfutse
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko
• Ubwandu/ububyimbirwe bw'ubwonko `(Encephalite)`
• Indwara y'umutima
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Guhagarara k'umutima mu buryo butunguranye
• Ihungabana ry'ubwonko (TBI)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ikibazo cy'ubwonko?

Kubera ko hari ibibazo byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gice cy'ubwonko, ibimenyetso birashobora gutandukana. Ariko, muri rusange, indwara zo mu gice cy'ubwonko zishobora kuba zirimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kubura uburinganire cyangwa kumva umeze nk'uzuzu .
• Kunanirwa gufunga cyangwa gukorora kabone n'iyo hari ikintu cyaba cyarafashe mu muhogo.
• Kubura ibitotsi cyangwa impinduka mu buryo busanzwe bwo gusinzira.
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka .
• Imvugo idasobanutse neza .
• Ibibazo byo kugenda kw'amaso .
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi (urugero: kubura ibinure ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura cyangwa umubiri, urujijo, kugorwa no kuvuga, impinduka mu maso).
• Kugorwa no kumira, kunywa cyangwa kurya mu buryo butunguranye.
• Ibibazo ku mikorere y'imitsi ikora ku buryo bworoshye .
• Kubura ubwenge .

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga byihutirwa.

Bigenda bite iyo uruti rw'ubwonko rwangiritse?

Iyo ubwonko bwangiritse mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyane. Kuko twabonye ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bigenzurwa n'iki gice gito. Iyo cyangiritse, ibintu nk'ibi bishobora kubaho:

• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kudashobora kumira, gukorora, cyangwa gusubiza iyo umuntu akubiswe.
• Kuzungera cyangwa kumva uzunguruka (Vertigo).
• Kumva nta kuringaniza.
• Ugutera kw'umutima kutumvikana neza.
• Kugorwa no gusinzira.
• Impinduka mu bwenge.
• Kubona ibintu mu buryo bubiri ni ukubona ibintu mu buryo bubiri.
• Intege nke n'impinduka mu byiyumvo mu mubiri.
• Ubumuga bwo kutumva.
• Ibibazo byo guhuza imigendere y'umubiri no kugenda.

Kwangirika k'ubwonko ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Urugero, iyo ubwonko bwangiritse, nko mu mpanuka ikomeye y'imodoka, bishobora gutera imikorere mibi y'ubwonko. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, umutima ushobora guhagarara, umubiri ushobora guhagarara, ndetse no kuba umuntu yacitse intege.

Indwara nyinshi zifata ubwonko zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Inkunga y'ubuzima ishobora no gukenerwa. Kubwibyo, niba hari ukekwaho ko ubwonko bwangiritse, ni ngombwa cyane guhamagara inzego z'ubutabazi bwihuse.

Urupfu rwa Brainstem ni iki?

Gupfa kw'ubwonko ni ugutakaza burundu imikorere y'ubwonko. Ibi bibaho iyo ubwonko bwangiritse burundu, cyangwa iyo amaraso cyangwa umwuka wa ogisijeni bibuze mu bwonko.

Umubiri w'ubwonko ni wo ugenzura imirimo y'ingenzi y'ubuzima. Kubwibyo, iyo umubiri w'ubwonko upfuye, ubwenge ntibushobora kugaruka. Inkunga y'ubuzima bw'ubukorano irakenewe kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kubaho. Iyi ndwara yitwa kandi urupfu rw'ubwonko .

Ese ushobora gukira imvune yo mu bwonko?

Kubera ko ubwonko bugenzura imirimo myinshi y’ingenzi y’umubiri wacu, kwangirika kwabwo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Ariko, abantu barakira indwara zimwe na zimwe z’ubwonko.

Igikuru ni ukujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka niba ubona ko ufite imvune mu mutwe. Iyo uvuwe vuba, abaganga bashobora kugabanya uburemere bw'ibyangiritse. Nyuma y'imvune mu mutwe, ushobora gukenera kuvurwa no kwitabwaho by'umwihariko.

Ni gute nagenzura ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwanjye?

Abaganga bakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo barebe niba hari ikibazo mu bwonko bwawe.

• Isuzuma rya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):Ibi birushaho kuba byoroshye kurusha gupima ``CT (Computed Tomography)`` kugira ngo harebwe ibibazo biri mu bwonko.
• `Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs):` Ibi bishobora kandi gutanga amakuru ajyanye n'imikorere y'ubwonko.

Byongeye kandi, ubwonko bugenzura imikorere myinshi y'ingenzi n'imikorere y'umubiri. Kubwibyo, iyo muganga akusuzumye, ashobora no gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Gutega amatwi umutima wawe n'uburyo uhumeka.
• Kangura itara ku maso yawe urebe niba ingano y'impeta y'umukara irahinduka.
• Gusaba ko wakwimura ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri wawe.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho ushobora kuba usobanukiwe ko aka gace gato k'ubwonko bwacu kitwa brainstem , gaherereye mu nsi y'ubwonko bwacu, gategeka ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tutanatekerezaho, ariko bikaba ari ingenzi mu buzima bwacu, nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima.

Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bandi bantu. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko ibikomere byo mu mutwe bishobora kuvurwa. Icy'ingenzi ni ukujya kwa muganga ako kanya. Urugendo rwo gukira imvune nk'iyi rushobora kuba rurerure. Rero ihangane nawe. Shaka ubufasha ku muryango wawe, inshuti, n'abaganga. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

` Umutima, Umutima, Uduce tw'imitsi, Imikorere y'ubwonko, Imikorere yikora, Reflexes, Indwara z'ubwonko