Ese waruzi ibi bintu ku birebana na plasma mu maraso yawe? Reka tuganire!

Ese wigeze wibaza icyo amaraso yawe akomokaho mu by'ukuri? Twese twumvise ibyerekeye uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera, na plaquettes. Ariko se wari uzi ko igice kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'amaraso yacu ari amazi? Icyo gice cy'amazi cyitwa plasma . Ibi ni byo bitwara utwo turemangingo twose hirya no hino mu mubiri. Ni nk'aho ubwato budashobora kugenda budafite amazi.

None se, iyi plasma ni iki?

Mu magambo make, plasma ni igice cy'amazi mu maraso yacu. Tekereza ko amaraso yacu ameze nk'isupu igizwe n'ibintu bitandukanye, kandi plasma ikaba igice cy'amazi muri iyo supu. Ibi bigize hafi 55% by'ingano y'amaraso yacu yose. Izindi selile z'amaraso - ni ukuvuga selile zitukura, selile z'umweru, na plaquettes - zivanze muri iyi plasma. Plasma ni yo itwara izi selile zose mu mfuruka zose z'umubiri.

Noneho reba icyo iyi plasma irimo. Uzatungurwa!

• Amazi ni yo abonekamo ibintu byinshi cyane - hafi 92%.
• Ibikurikiraho ni poroteyine - hafi 7%. Muri zo harimo poroteyine z'ingenzi cyane nka antibody, ibintu bigabanya amaraso, albumin, na fibrinogen.
• 1% irindi ni imisemburo, vitamine, imyunyu, enzymes, n'ibindi bintu byinshi by'ingenzi.

Ese ushobora kwiyumvisha ingano y'ibintu biri muri aka kadomo gato k'amazi?

Ni iyihe serivisi plasma itanga ku mibiri yacu? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane?

Plasma si amazi make gusa. Igira akamaro kanini ku mibiri yacu. Plasma ni ingenzi kugira ngo tubeho. Reba icyo ikora:

• Uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tujyanwa mu bihaha: Aho niho uturemangingo dutukura dushobora kwakira ogisijeni no gusohora dioxyde de carbone. Nk’uko bigenda kuri tagisi.
• Irinda umuvuduko w'amaraso: Ibi nibyo bituma imiyoboro y'amaraso ifunguka kandi amaraso akagenda neza. Iyo umuvuduko ugabanutse, biba ikibazo gikomeye.
• Amazi, imisemburo, intungamubiri, electrolytes, na poroteyine bikwirakwizwa aho bikenewe: buri gice cy'umubiri ntigishobora kubaho kidafite ibyo bintu.
• Bifasha mu kugena ubushyuhe bw'umubiri: Ni ukubera ibintu nk'ibi bituma duhora ku bushyuhe bumwe.
• Ifite uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Nk’uko polisi ikora. Iyo hari ubwandu cyangwa mikorobe ahantu runaka, ni plasma itwara utwo turemangingo kugira ngo tuyirwanye.
• Itanga poroteyine zikenewe mu kubyimba, kuvura amaraso no gukira ibikomere: Iyo ukomeretse cyangwa ugize igikomere, izi poroteyine zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso no gukiza igikomere.
• Imyanda idakenewe ijyanwa mu mwijima cyangwa mu mpyiko: niho iyi myanda ivanwa mu mubiri. Nk'imodoka itwara imyanda.

Tekereza kuri ibi, plasma imeze nk'uruzi. Ibintu byose biyirimo bimeze nk'ubwato. Noneho, niba urugero rw'amazi muri uru ruzi rugabanuka, ni ukuvuga niba ingano ya plasma igabanuka, ubwo bwato - ni ukuvuga ibintu by'ingenzi - ntibushobora kujya ahantu bugomba kujya. Ni bwo ibibazo bitangira.

Plasma ikorwa ite? Iyi plasma ituruka he?

Plasma ntiva ahantu hamwe. Ikorwa mu mazi tunywa, ibyo turya, n'ibinyabutabire bifata mu buryo bw'igogora. Ariko, poroteyine zimwe na zimwe z'ingenzi zigize plasma zituruka mu ngingo runaka. Urugero:

• Umworo w'amagufwa yawe
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushaje, dupfa
• Umwijima
• Umugongo

Plasma ibaho iyo izi poroteyine zihujwe n'amazi arimo electrolytes.

Plasma ni ibara ki? Igaragara ite?

Iyo dutandukanije plasma n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, n'udupira duto, bigaragara nk'amazi y'umuhondo werurutse, afite ibara nk'iry'ibyatsi .

Ariko, niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi, gishobora guhindura imiterere y’amaraso yawe bigatuma ihinduka ibara. Urugero:

• Iyo uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twangiritse (ibi byitwa hemolysis) , plasma ishobora guhinduka umutuku.
• Niba urugero rwa bilirubin rwawe ruri hejuru bitewe n'indwara y'umwijima, bigatera indwara yitwa jaundice , plasma ishobora guhinduka ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi n'umukara.

Ni iki kigereranyo cy'amaraso yacu ari plasma?

Ugereranyije, hafi 55% by'amaraso yacu ni plasma. Ariko, iki gipimo gishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'igitsina cyawe cyangwa indwara iyo ari yo yose ushobora kuba ufite.

Ni gute plasma itandukanywa n'amaraso?

Hari igikoresho cyihariye gishobora gutandukanya ibice by'amaraso, harimo na plasma. Cyitwa centrifuge . Iyi mashini izunguruka umuyoboro w'igerageza wuzuye amaraso vuba cyane. Hanyuma, uturemangingo dutukura turemereye twinjira mu gice cyo hasi cy'umuyoboro w'igerageza. Uturemangingo n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera bitura hejuru yabyo nk'urwego rwera. Hejuru y'urwo rwego rwera hari plasma.

Ni izihe poroteyine z'ingenzi ziri muri plasma?

Plasma irimo poroteyine nyinshi z'ingenzi cyane. Reka turebere hamwe izo ari zo:

Albumin

Iyi poroteyine ifasha mu kubungabunga ingano y'amazi ari mu turemangingo twacu n'ingano y'amazi ari hanze y'uturemangingo, yitwa plasma. Niyo mpamvu plasma idasohoka mu mitsi y'amaraso gusa ikajya mu zindi ngingo. Ikora nk'ikirungo, ikanyunyuza amazi.

Fibrinogen

Iyi ni poroteyine y'ingenzi cyane. Iyo twakomeretse ahantu hose mu mubiri wacu, tuba dukeneye amaraso kugira ngo ahagarike kuva amaraso. Iyi fibrinogen ifasha amaraso kuzura hanyuma igisebe kigakira kigahinduka urugingo rusanzwe cyangwa inkovu.

Globuline

Iri tsinda rya poroteyine naryo ni ingenzi cyane. Izi globulines zifasha kurwanya indwara zandura, kwimura ibintu mu maraso, no gufasha amaraso kubumba. Aha niho haboneka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri twese tuzi.

Izindi poroteyine zirinda ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'izitwara

Uretse ibi, hari izindi poroteyine nyinshi. Zifasha mu kurinda imibiri yacu, gusana ibyangiritse, no gutwara intungamubiri cyangwa ibindi bintu by'ingenzi mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.

Ese abatanga plasma bapimwa indwara zandura?

Yego rwose! Iyo umuntu atanze plasma, iyo plasma ipimwa indwara zitandukanye mbere yuko ihabwa abandi. Urugero:

• Hepatite (ubwoko bwose)
• agakoko gatera SIDA
• Sifilo

Ibizamini nk'ibi nibyo bituma guterwa amaraso mu maraso bitagira ingaruka mbi.

Ni izihe ndwara cyangwa indwara zigira ingaruka ku maraso?

Ikibabaje ni uko hari indwara nyinshi n'ibibazo by'ubuzima bishobora kugira ingaruka ku maraso yacu. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Indwara ziterwa n'inenge mu mikorere ya poroteyine, urugero nka amyloidosis .
• Indwara z'amaraso, urugero nko kubura amaraso mu mubiri , indwara ya von Willebrand , cyangwa kubura ibintu bituma amaraso agwa.
• Kubura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri biterwa no kutagira poroteyine zihagije mu maraso.
• Indwara nka myeloma . Ibi bigira ingaruka ku musokoro w'amagufwa kandi bigahungabanya ikorwa ry'amaraso.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ikibazo gifitanye isano na plasma?

Niba hari ikibazo kuri plasma yawe, hashobora kubaho ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bigaragaza ko ari cyo. Menya ibintu nk'ibi:

• Ububabare mu magufwa.
• Guturika cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye. Ihangane niba uhinduka ibara ry'ubururu nubwo waba ukozeho gato, cyangwa niba ishinya zawe ziva amaraso iyo wogeje amenyo.
• Umutima utera vuba cyangwa umutima utera mu buryo budasanzwe (arrhythmias).
• Indwara zikunze guterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'amaraso yanjye?

Hashobora gupimwa amaraso menshi kugira ngo hamenyekane ibimenyetso by'uburwayi ufite mu maraso yawe. Bimwe muri ibyo harimo:

• Isuzuma ry'ingano y'amaraso
• Kuvura umwongo w'amagufwa
• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (FBC/CBC)
• Ikizamini cya hematocrit

Muganga ni we uzagufatira icyemezo cy'ibizamini ukeneye muri ibi.

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n'amaraso mu maraso?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n'amaraso buterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe z'uburyo bwo kuvura:

• Antibiyotike zo kwandura indwara.
• Guterwa amaraso kubera kubura amaraso cyangwa ibindi bibazo.
• Kuvura kanseri hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana n'uturemangingo fatizo .
• Plasma yo mu bwoko bwa Convalescent (iyi yanakoreshejwe mu gihe cya Covid, ushobora kwibuka) kugira ngo itange ubudahangarwa bw'inyongera bwo kurwanya ubwandu.
• Gutera umuti wa electrolyte (nk'umuti wa saline) ku barwayi bafite amazi make cyangwa izindi ndwara.
• Gutera plasma bikoreshwa mu gusimbuza plasma yatakaye, kongera umuvuduko w'amaraso, no gukumira guhungabana.
• Plasmapheresis cyangwa plasma exchange ni inzira yo gukuramo ikintu muri plasma cyangwa gusimbuza burundu plasma.
• Inshinge za plasma (PRP) zikungahaye ku mitsi (platelet-rich plasma) zikoreshwa ku mvune cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe.
• Steroids zo kuvura indwara zo kubyimba.

Nigute natanga plasma?

Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutanga plasma:

1. Gutanga amaraso yose: Umukozi wo kwa muganga ashyira urushinge mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe maze akarukuramo amaraso. Hanyuma plasma igatandukana uko bikenewe muri laboratwari.

2. Gutanga plasma gusa: Ibi bisa no gutanga amaraso yose. Nyuma yo gupimwa, umuganga azafata urushinge rumwe mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Hanyuma plasma itandukanywa na centrifuge, hanyuma uturemangingo tw'amaraso n'udupira duto dusubizwa kuri wewe binyuze mu rushinge rumwe.

Nyuma yuko plasma ivuye mu mubiri wawe, plasma yatanzwe irakonjeshwa mu masaha 24. Ibi bibungabunga ibintu bituma amaraso agwa hamwe na immunoglobulines. Plasma ikonjeshwa ishobora kubikwa mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe.

Amaraso aturuka ku bantu bafite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa AB ni yo akwiriye cyane. Impamvu ni uko amaraso adafite antibodies. Ibi bivuze ko amaraso ashobora guhabwa umuntu ufite ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso. Ariko, umuntu wese ashobora gutanga amaraso no gufasha abandi.

Bigenda bite ku maraso yatanzwe?

Amaraso atangwa afite inyungu nyinshi. Dore ingero nke:

• Plasma iterwa umuntu ukeneye plasma nyinshi bitewe n'ubushye, impanuka, impanuka, cyangwa izindi ndwara zihutirwa.
• Ikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu gukora imiti.
• Poroteyine zo kugabanya amaraso zikoreshwa mu kugenzura kuva amaraso.
• Poroteyine z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zishobora gufasha mu bintu nko kuvura kanseri, inkoko, iseru, ikibyimba, indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, indwara z’impyiko, hepatite B, indwara z’ubwonko, no gutera umworo w’amagufwa.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Amaraso ahanini ni amazi, ariko ni ingenzi mu mubiri wacu. Ni yo ituma amaraso yacu atembera nk'amazi kandi agatwara byose uturemangingo twacu dukeneye kugira ngo tubeho. Kandi, ushobora kuyatanga kugira ngo abandi bagire icyo bageraho.

Ibibazo bifitanye isano na plasma bishobora kumenyekana binyuze mu gupima amaraso buri gihe nk'igice cy'isuzuma ry'ubuzima rya buri mwaka. Akenshi, ibi bizamini bishobora kumenyekana mbere yuko ugira ibimenyetso.

Niba ufite ikibazo ku bijyanye n'uburyo plasma yawe igira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe, vugana na muganga wawe. Ashobora kukubwira byinshi no kugufasha gufata ibyemezo by'ubuzima bishobora kugira ingaruka ku maraso yawe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Amaraso , amaraso, amaraso, ubuzima, indwara, poroteyine, gutanga