Ni nde muganga w’indwara z’imitsi? Ese ukeneye kwita ku mpyiko zawe?

Ese wigeze wumva ' Umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi '? Wenda muganga wawe yakwohereje kuri uwo muganga. Cyangwa se uhangayikishijwe gato n'ikibazo cy'impyiko. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku muganga w'indwara z'imitsi uwo ari we, icyo akora, n'igihe wagombye kumubona.

Ni nde mu by'ukuri umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi?

Mu magambo make, inzobere mu ndwara z’impyiko ni umuganga w’inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’impyiko no kuzivura. Nkuko mubizi, impyiko zo mu mubiri wacu ni zimwe mu bigize uturemangingo tw’inkari zacu. Zimeze nk’ingingo ebyiri zimeze nk’ibishyimbo. Ziyungurura amaraso yacu zikayakuramo imyanda, amazi arenze urugero, n’ibinyabutabire nk’inkari. Bityo rero ubuzima bw’izi mpyiko ni ingenzi cyane.

Ni nde muganga w’indwara z’abana (Nephrologist)?

Icyo gihe, ndetse n'abana bato bashobora kurwara ibibazo by'impyiko. Inzobere mu by'imitsi y'abana ni umuganga w'inzobere mu kuvura indwara z'impyiko no kuzivura ku bantu bose, kuva ku bana bato kugeza ku bana bato ndetse n'abakuze. Bazi kandi uburyo ibyo bibazo bigira ingaruka ku bana bato uko bakura.

Umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi akora iki?

Noneho reka turebe icyo umuganga w’indwara z’impyiko akora. Basuzuma cyane cyane indwara nk’iz’impyiko no kunanirwa kw’impyiko . Si ibyo gusa, bazi neza uburyo indwara z’impyiko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bindi bice by’umubiri. Urugero:

• Indwara zo kwirwanaho mu mubiri: Hari igihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bushobora kwangiza impyiko zacu.
• Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi: Ibibazo by'impyiko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima, naho ibibazo by'umutima bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mpyiko. Hari isano ikomeye hagati y'ibyo byombi.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension): Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso si mwiza ku mpyiko, kandi indwara z'impyiko nazo zishobora gutera umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.

Ugomba gukora cyane gute kugira ngo ube umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi?

Ese utekereza ko kuba umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi byoroshye? Oya rwose! Ni urugendo rurerure kandi rwihariye. Tekereza byinshi bagomba kwiga:

• Ubwa mbere, imyaka ine y'amashuri makuru.
• Hanyuma ugomba kwiga mu ishuri ry’ubuganga imyaka ine.
• Ntibirangirira aho. Bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa y'imyaka itatu yo kuba mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi bw'imbere mu mubiri cyangwa mu buvuzi bw'abana.
• Nyuma y'ibyo, ugomba gukora amahugurwa yihariye y'imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu ku ndwara z'impyiko, ni ukuvuga "Ubusabane." Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane cya nephrology.
• Bamwe bahabwa amahugurwa y’umwaka umwe kugira ngo bigire uruhare mu gutera impyiko (Transplant Nephrology) cyangwa se bakorerwe imiti ijyanye n’indwara z’impyiko (Interventional Nephrology).
• Hanyuma, muri Sri Lanka, kwiyandikisha mu Nama y’Abaganga ya Sri Lanka birakenewe, kandi mu bihugu by’amahanga, ibyangombwa by’inzobere (Impamyabumenyi y’Inama) birasabwa n’inama zemewe muri ibyo bihugu.

Urabona, iyi ni ubwitange bukomeye! Niyo mpamvu bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse ku bijyanye n'impyiko.

Ni iki gisobanura "Transplant Nephrology" na "Interventional Nephrology"?

Mbere twavuze ku yandi mahugurwa yihariye yitwa `( Transplant Nephrology)` na `(Interventional Nephrology)`. Reka turebe ayo ari yo.

• Indwara ya Transplant Nephrology ni ikigo cyihariye kivura indwara zo gutera impyiko n’impyiko, ndetse no kwita ku barwayi batewe izo mpyiko. Ibi bivuze ko nyuma yo guterwa impyiko, ari inshingano zabo gutanga inama ku miti ikenewe kugira ngo ikomeze gukora neza kugeza igihe igeze mu mubiri neza.
• Interventional Nephrology ni umwihariko wihariye mu gukora no kubungabunga uburyo bwo kugera ku miyoboro y'amaraso, cyane cyane mu gusukura amaraso (dialysis). Bakora kandi biopsy y'impyiko, ari byo bice bito by'uturemangingo twakuwe mu mpyiko. Bahuguwe neza muri ibi bikurikira:
• Gushyiramo no gukuramo catheter (izi ni imiyoboro yoroshye, ifite ububobere ikoreshwa mu gushyiramo amazi mu mubiri no kuyasohora).
• Gushyiramo stent (iyi ni imiyoboro ya pulasitiki ishyirwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso kugira ngo igume ifunguye).
• Gukuraho amaraso apfutse.
• Fistulogram (ibi bireba isano idasanzwe mu mpyiko, ni ukuvuga fistula).
• Gukora isuzuma ry'impyiko.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kuvurwa na muganga w’indwara z’imitsi?

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi avura? Dore zimwe mu ndwara akunda kuvura:

• Indwara y'impyiko ya diyabete n'izindi ndwara z'impyiko ziterwa na diyabete. Diyabete ni umwanzi ukomeye w'impyiko.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije.
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko.
• Indwara y'impyiko ya Cystic.
• Amabuye mu mpyiko. Abantu benshi bumvise ibi.
• Indwara ya Nephrotic.
• Indwara y'impyiko igera ku cyiciro cya nyuma.
• Indwara ya Hemolytic Uremic.
• Indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari (UTI).
• Indwara z'impyiko.
• Hyponatremia (urugero ruto rwa sodium mu mubiri) n'ubundi buryo butaringaniye bwa electrolyte.
• Kunywa ibinini by'uburozi bisaba dialyse.
• Glomerulonefrite (GN): Iki ni cyo gihe uduce duto two kuyungurura mu mpyiko tubyimba.

Ni ibihe bipimo n'uburyo umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi akora?

Ni ibihe bipimo n'uburyo abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi bakoresha kugira ngo bapime kandi bavure indwara?

• Ibizamini bitandukanye byo gupima: Ibi birimo X-rays, CT scans, na ultrasound. Ibi bishobora gufasha kubona imiterere, ingano, n'uko ibibyimba biri mu mpyiko bimeze.
• Ibizamini by'imikorere y'impyiko: Ibi ni ibizamini bikwereka neza uko impyiko zawe zikora. Birimo ibizamini by'amaraso n'ibizamini by'inkari.
• Dialysis: Nkuko twabivuze mbere, niba impyiko zawe zidakora neza, imashini ya dialysis ishobora kugukorera akazi. Ibi bikubiyemo imashini ifata amaraso yawe, ikayungurura imyanda n'amazi arenze urugero, hanyuma igasubiza amaraso yasukuwe mu mubiri wawe.
• Gupima impyiko: Muri ibi, umuganga w’indwara z’impyiko afata agace gato cyane k’urugingo rw’impyiko yawe akakohereza muri laboratwari. Ibi birafasha cyane mu gusuzuma indwara z’impyiko.
• Kwita ku impyiko: Iyo utewe impyiko, umuganga ubaga impyiko azashyira impyiko nzima (iturutse ku muntu utanga) mu kibuno cyawe. Kenshi na kenshi, impyiko yawe yangiritse izaguma mu mubiri wawe. Umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi azakorana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo agufashe kwitegura kubagwa no kuguha ubuvuzi ukeneye mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Nephrologist na Urologist?

Iki ni ikintu gitera urujijo abantu benshi. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’inzobere mu by’imitsi n’inzobere mu by’imitsi? Uru rujijo ruvuka kuko akazi ka bombi gafitanye isano.

Mu magambo make, inzobere mu ndwara z’imitsi n’imitsi (nephrologist) ni inzobere mu kuvura indwara zigira ingaruka ku mpyiko.Niba ufite ikibazo kigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'impyiko zawe cyangwa impyiko, umuganga mwiza kuri wewe ni umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi.

Umuganga w’inkari ni umuganga usuzuma indwara zigira ingaruka ku buryo bw’inkari. Utunyangingo tw’inkari twawe tugizwe n’uruhago rwawe, utwo muyoboro w’inkari, utunyangingo tw’inkari, n’impyiko. Bazi kandi ibimenyetso, imiterere, n’uburyo bwo kuvura utwo tunyangingo tw’imyororokere tw’abagabo n’abagore. Niba ufite ikibazo ku buryo bw’inkari zawe cyangwa ubwo buryo bw’imyororokere, ugomba kujya kwa muganga w’inkari.

Irindi tandukaniro rikomeye ni uko abaganga b'inkari bafite amahugurwa yo kubaga. Bivanga gusa mu bibazo by'impyiko iyo bikenewe kubagwa, nka kanseri y'impyiko cyangwa amabuye y'impyiko. Abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi ntibabaga. Bavura impyiko bakoresheje imiti n'ubundi buryo.

Ni ryari nkwiye kubonana na muganga w’indwara z’imitsi?

Noneho, ushobora kuba wibaza uti 'Ni ryari nkwiye kubonana na muganga w'indwara z'impyiko?' Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara z'impyiko, ugomba kubonana na muganga w'indwara z'impyiko. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso:

• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’impyiko mu muryango: Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe yarwaye impyiko mu buryo bw’amaraso, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye. Umuganga w’indwara z’impyiko ashobora kugufasha kwirinda indwara z’impyiko cyangwa kuzimenya no kuzivura hakiri kare.
• Diyabete Mellitus: Diyabete ishobora kwangiza impyiko. Niba urwaye diyabete, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara impyiko.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso: Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ushobora no kwangiza impyiko. Nkuko mubizi, impyiko zikoresha imiyoboro y'amaraso mu kuyungurura amaraso. Iyo umuvuduko wiyongereye, ubworoherane bw'iyi miyoboro y'amaraso buragabanuka, ibi bikaba byagabanya ingano y'amaraso na ogisijeni bigera mu mpyiko. Ibi bishobora gutuma impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza.
• Impinduka mu kunyara: Iyo ubonye impinduka mu nkari zawe cyangwa mu ngeso zawe zo kunyara, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'impyiko. Urugero, ushobora gukenera kunyara kenshi, kubura inkari nyinshi, inkari zawe zishobora gusa n'ifuro, cyangwa inkari zawe zishobora kuba zijimye mu ibara ry'umukara.
• Igihu cyo mu bwonko: Iki gishobora no kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'impyiko. Si indwara, ariko abaganga bakoresha iri jambo mu gusobanura ibintu nko gutekereza buhoro no kumva urangaye. Niba ugiye mu rujijo, wibagirwa, cyangwa ufite ingorane zo kwibanda ku kintu runaka, menya ibyo nawe.

Ni iki kibaho ku munsi wa mbere wo kubonana na muganga w’indwara z’imitsi?

Ni iki kibaho ku munsi wa mbere ugiye kwa muganga w’indwara z’imitsi? Dore ibisanzwe bibaho:

• IbyaweUrebye inyandiko zose za kera z'ubuvuzi.
• Kubaza ibimenyetso byawe.
• Hakorwa isuzuma ry'umubiri .
• Ibintu nk'ibipimo by'amaraso, ibizamini by'inkari, n'ibizamini by'amashusho birasabwa.

Witegura ute kujya kwa muganga w’indwara z’imitsi?

Ni ingenzi cyane kwitegura umunsi wawe wa mbere wo kubonana na muganga w’indwara z’imitsi. Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Niba hari impapuro uhabwa ngo wuzuze mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, wuzuze.
• Andika ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ubona ko ari ingenzi cyane kuganiraho na muganga hanyuma ubijyane kuri "Urutonde rw'ibibazo" .
• Niba hari impinduka ziherutse kubaho mu buzima bwawe, zizirikane.
• Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose mu "Diary y'ibimenyetso". Andika ibintu nk'umunsi ibimenyetso byatangiriyeho, igihe, n'igihe bimaze bihari.
• Menya amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe. Aya makuru azafasha muganga wawe gusuzuma indwara.
• Ambara imyenda yoroshye kandi yoroshye kwambara . Ibintu nk'amashati, amashati, amajipo n'ipantaro.
• Andika urutonde rw'ababazwe wakorewe .
• Niba ufite ibisubizo by'ibizamini byatanzwe n'abandi baganga, jyana kopi zabyo.
• Andika amazina na nimero za terefone z'umuganga wawe w'ibanze n'abandi baganga ukunda kubonana nabo .
• Niba uri gusuzuma umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe mu rugo, jyana na we upima umuvuduko w'amaraso .
• Andika urutonde rw'imiti yose ufata ubu . Shyiramo imiti yanditswe na muganga, imiti igurishwa mu kigo, vitamine, n'inyongeramusaruro.
• Jyana amakarita yawe y'ubwishingizi .
• Niba bishoboka, jyana n'inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe. Bashobora kwandika inyandiko, kugufasha kubaza ibibazo, kukwibutsa ibyo muganga avuga, no kugufasha gutegura gahunda y'ibizamini.
• Baza kandi ibijyanye no gukurikirana gahunda .

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Rero, uhereye ku byo twaganiriyeho uyu munsi, ndizera ko ufite igitekerezo cyiza ku muganga w’indwara z’imitsi (nephrologist), icyo akora, n’igihe ugomba kumubona. Impyiko ni ingingo zidasobanutse, ariko ni ingenzi cyane mu mubiri wacu. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane kwita ku buzima bw’impyiko zawe.

Niba ufite amakenga ku ndwara y'impyiko, niba ufite ibimenyetso, cyangwa niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara y'impyiko, ntutindiganye gushaka inama kwa muganga. Niba bibaye ngombwa, reba inzobere mu by'imitsi. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Iyo indwara ibonetse hakiri kare, biroroshye kuyivura. Kwita ku mpyiko zawe biri mu maboko yawe!

Impyiko , abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi, indwara z'impyiko, dialyse, uturemangingo tw'inkari, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete