Reka twige gusa ku ntwari ebyiri nto zubaka igitereko cyacu: Osteoblasts na Osteoclasts!

Ese wigeze utekereza ku magufwa yawe? Akenshi tuyafata nk'ibintu bikomeye kandi bidahinduka. Ariko si ko bimeze. Amagufwa yacu ni ingingo nzima , kimwe n'indi mibiri yacu. Ushobora kutabitekereza, ariko ahora akura, agasenyuka, kandi agasimburwa, atari kuva mu bwana kugeza ku bukuru gusa, ahubwo no mu buzima bwacu bwose! Ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo dufasha muri iki gikorwa gitangaje ni `Osteoblasts` na `Osteoclasts`. Reka tuvuge byinshi kuri ibi bibiri uyu munsi, si byo se?

`Osteoblasts` ni bande? Bakora iki?

Mu magambo make, 'Osteoblasts' ni "Amacupa ya Mason" yubaka amagufwa yacu. Hari igihe yitwa 'uturemangingo tw'amagufwa'. Ni two dukomeza amagufwa yacu, kandi ni two dukora amagufwa mashya. 'Osteoblasts' ifite imirimo itatu y'ingenzi:

• Kubaka amagufwa mashya (irema ry'amagufwa ).
• Uko tugenda dusaza, ni ukuvuga ko uko tugenda dukura kuva mu bwana tujya mu bantu bakuru, amagufwa yacu arahinduka kugira ngo ahuze n'imiterere y'umubiri wacu, ari byo byitwa 'kuvugurura'.
• Gukiza amagufwa iyo yavunitse, yavunitse cyangwa yakomeretse .

Tekereza, iyo rimwe mu magufwa yacu rikeneye gukura, guhinduka mu buryo runaka, cyangwa gukira nyuma yo kuvunika, izi selile za 'Osteoblast' ziterwa imbaraga n'imikorere itandukanye ya shimi mu mubiri wacu, cyangwa na 'hormones'. Hanyuma izi selile za 'Osteoblast' ziraterana zigakora kandi zigasohora uruvange rwihariye rwitwa 'bone matrix' . Iyi 'bone matrix' igizwe na 'proteins' nka 'collagen' na 'calcium' na 'phosphate', ari byo myunyu ngugu y'ingenzi cyane ku magufwa yacu. Uyu murimo ni nk'umuntu usuka 'beta' iyo yubaka umuhanda. Ashobora kubaka umuhanda mushya. Cyangwa ashobora gukoresha iyo 'beta' kugira ngo yuzuze imyanya n'imyanya mu muhanda ushaje. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, 'Osteoblasts', 'Masons', bakoresha iyi 'bone matrix' 'beta' kugira ngo bubake amagufwa mashya, bakomeze ashaje, kandi bakize avunitse. Nyuma y'uko igufwa rishya ryubatswe muri ubu buryo, zimwe mu selile za 'Osteoblasts' ziba igice cy'iryo gufwa rishya. Hanyuma zitwa 'Osteocytes' . Bitabaye ibyo, iyo serivisi zabo zitagikenewe, utwo turemangingo turapfa.

Reka twige bike ku byitwa `Osteocytes`?

Osteocytes ni nk' "abarinzi b'umutekano" bari mu magufwa yacu.Nk’uko. Amagufwa yacu agizwe ahanini n’utu turemangingo twa ‘Osteocytes’. Ahora areba ubwoko bw’igitutu cyangwa igitutu kirimo gushyirwa ku magufwa yacu. Iyo tugenda, twiruka, cyangwa duteruye ikintu, nubwo haba hari ingaruka nini nko kuvunika kw’igufwa, utu turemangingo twa ‘Osteocytes’ turabyumva. Muri icyo gihe, ni bo bohereza ibimenyetso kuri ‘Osteoblast’ (abayubaka) na ‘Osteoclasts’ (abavunika - tuzabivugaho nyuma) bati: “Dore ikibazo, ngwino ukikosore.” Urugero, iyo igufwa ryacitse cyangwa rimenetse, ‘Osteocytes’ ni bo bazana vuba izindi selile muri ako gace, bagakuraho ibice byavunitse, kandi bagafasha kubaka igufwa rishya no kurikiza.

None se ni ubwoko ki bw'uturemangingo `Osteoclasts`?

Osteoclasts ni itsinda rishinzwe gusukura no gukuraho uturemangingo bishaje twangiritse mu magufwa yacu. Ni nk'itsinda rishinzwe gusenya. Ni ryo ritanga inzira yo kubaka amagufwa mashya.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo kwibuka ni ubu: `Ibisasu` ni nk'`abubatsi`, `Ibisasu` ni nk'`Abasukura`.

Osteoclast irekura enzymes zidasanzwe. Izi enzymes zishongesha kandi zigasenya igufwa rishaje. Zitera ingaruka za shimi ku buso bw'igufwa rishaje, zigasenya ibyo bice hanyuma zigatanga inzira yo gukora igufwa rishya kandi rikomeye. Ariko iyo osteoclast ishongesha amagufwa, ntabwo bimeze nk'aside irisha igice cy'icyuma nk'uko bigaragara mu ifoto. Iyi gahunda igenzurwa cyane kandi neza . Osteoclast ishongesha gusa uduce osteocytes twavuzwe haruguru (abashinzwe umutekano) banditseho ngo "aha niho tugomba kuyikuraho." Imisemburo irekurwa na osteoclast isesagura matrix ikomeye y'amagufwa hanyuma ikongera kuyikuramo. Hanyuma, utwobo duto tuba ku buso bw'igufwa. Iyo iyo myobo imaze gukorwa, osteoblasts (abubatsi) baza buzuza icyuho n'igufwa rishya. Ni nk'umuhate w'ikipe!

Ese izi selile za `Osteoblasts` na `Osteoclasts` zisa zite?

Utu tunyangingo twombi ni duto cyane kandi tuboneka mu gice cyo hanze (`uruti rw'amagufwa`) rw'amagufwa yacu no mu magufwa ubwayo.

• Osteoblasts ubusanzwe ni uturemangingo duto, dufite ishusho nk'iy'utubumbe.
• Osteoclasts ni nini gato kurusha uturemangingo tw'amagufwa. Dufite ishusho nk'iy'uruziga, isa n'iy'ibumba.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'izi selile?

Osteoblast na osteoclast ni ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'amagufwa yacu. Bityo rero, indwara iyo ari yo yose ifata amagufwa yacu ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'utu turemangingo. Dore bimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi bibuza amagufwa yacu kwiyubaka no kugumana imbaraga:

• Osteoporosis - Iki ni cyo gihe amagufwa aba yoroshye, agacika intege, kandi agacika vuba.
• Osteopenia - Iyi ni intandaro y'indwara ya osteoporosis. Ubucucike bw'amagufwa butangira kugabanuka.
• Hyperparathyroidism - Ikorwa ryinshi ry'imisemburo ikorwa n'udukoko twa parathyroid, bigatera kubura kalisiyumu mu magufwa.
• `Indwara ya Paget y'amagufwa (osteitis deformans)` - Muri iki kibazo, inzira yo gusana amagufwa irahungabana, bigatuma amagufwa acika intege kandi agahinduka.

Ese hari ibizamini byihariye byo kumenya kuri izi selile?

Ubusanzwe nta bipimo byihariye bikorerwa kugira ngo harebwe uko osteoblast cyangwa osteoclasts yawe bikora. Abaganga basanzwe bapima ubuzima bw'igufwa ryose, aho kureba uturemangingo runaka. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, ibizamini by'amaraso (laboratoire) bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe uburyo osteoclasts yawe ikora cyangwa kugira ngo bifashe mu gusuzuma indwara nka osteoporosis. Dore bimwe mu bipimo bikunze gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'amagufwa yawe:

• Ikizamini cy’ubucucike bw’amagufwa (DXA scan) : Ibi bikoresha imirasire ya X yo ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo bipime imbaraga z’amagufwa yawe. Bishobora gufasha kumenya niba amagufwa yawe arimo kunanuka uko ugenda usaza, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bya osteopenia cyangwa osteoporosis.
• Ikizamini cya Vitamine D (` Vitamin D 25-hydroxy test`) : Igenzura niba ubona `Vitamin D` ihagije.
• Ikizamini cya kalisiyumu : Iki gipimo gipima urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe, kandi gishobora no kugenzura ingano ya kalisiyumu iri mu nkari zawe z'amasaha 24.
• Ikizamini cya `Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH)` : Gisuzuma urugero rw'imisemburo ya parathyroid.
• Ikizamini cya Creatinine : Iki kizagenzura niba impyiko zawe zikora neza.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo amagufwa yacu akomeze kuba mazima?

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo amagufwa yawe akomeze kuba mazima kandi akomeye. Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye intungamubiri , cyane cyane ibiryo bikungahaye kuri kalisiyumu na vitamine D.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri igabanya ibiro . Ni ukuvuga imyitozo ngororamubiri ishyira ibiro ku magufwa yawe, nko kugenda , kwiruka no kuzamuka ingazi.
• Irinde kunywa itabi burundu . Kunywa itabi byangiza cyane amagufwa.
• Kubona kalisiyumu na vitamine D bihagije.Witondere niba urimo kubona ibihagije. Niba ari ngombwa, fata inyongeramusaruro ukurikije inama za muganga.
• Jya kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe . Niba wumva indwara cyangwa impinduka, hita ubonana na muganga.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya `Osteoblasts` na `Osteocytes`?

"Osteoblasts" na "Osteocytes" byombi ni uturemangingo dufasha kubaka no kubungabunga amagufwa yacu. Ariko hari itandukaniro rito.

• Osteoblast ni uturemangingo twubaka igufwa rishya, tugakura igufwa risanzwe, kandi tukarisana. Ni two dusohora umusemburo w'amagufwa tukongera tukubaka ingingo nshya.
• Osteocytes ni uturemangingo tuboneka mu magufwa akuze . Ni two twumva igitutu n'umuvuduko ku magufwa, maze tugatanga ibimenyetso kuri osteoblast na osteoclasts, tuti: "Hari ikibazo hano, kigomba gukosorwa."

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho usobanukiwe uburyo utu tunyangingo tubiri twitwa 'Osteoblasts' na 'Osteoclasts' bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'amagufwa yacu. Duhora dukorana, tugafasha amagufwa yacu gukura, kuvugurura no gukomeza gukomera. Nk'intwari zitavugwa.

Ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bantu barengeje imyaka 65, abagore bagiye mu gihe cyo gucura, n'abafite indwara zidakira, gushaka inama kwa muganga no kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe. Ibi bituma abaganga bakurikirana ubuzima bw'amagufwa yawe no kubona ibimenyetso by'uko amagufwa yawe yatakaye cyangwa arwaye indwara ya osteoporosis hakiri kare.

Rero, komeza kwita ku magufwa yawe. Kurya neza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kubaho ubuzima bwiza ni byo bintu by'ingenzi cyane!