Reka twige byinshi kuri iyi 'grippe' (grippe) abantu bose barwara, si byo se?

Rero, indwara iri kuvugwaho ahantu hose muri iyi minsi, kandi wenda nawe warakize, cyangwa se wabonye umuntu wo mu muryango wawe arwaye akarwara, yitwa 'grippe'. Hari n'abantu bayita 'grippe viral'. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri ' grippe ' mu magambo make. Turareba ibintu byinshi nk'icyo ari cyo, impamvu ibaho, uburyo bwo kuyirinda, n'icyo wakora uramutse uyirwaye.

Ibicurane ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, ibicurane ni indwara iterwa na virusi yitwa grippe. Iyo uyirwaye, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe, kubabara umubiri, kubabara mu muhogo, n'umuriro, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibi bishobora kuba bikomeye. Ibicurane bikunze kugaragara cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Hari igihe bikunze kwibasira abantu benshi icyarimwe, kandi tubyita icyorezo.

Ni mu gihe ki cy'umwaka ibicurane bikunze kugaragara cyane?

Mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru y'isi, nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igihe cy'ibicurane gifatwa nk'igihe cyo kuva mu Kwakira kugeza muri Gicurasi. Ariko, igihe cyo kurwara indwara, bivuze ko abantu benshi barwara, akenshi kiba hagati y'Ukuboza na Gashyantare. Muri Sri Lanka, ubu bwoko bw'umuriro uterwa na virusi bukunze kugaragara cyane mu bihe by'ubukonje n'imvura.

Ibicurane bikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, ibicurane ni indwara ikunze kwandura. Tekereza, mu gihugu nka Amerika, abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 20 na 40 barwara iyi ndwara mu gihe cyose cy’ibicurane. Bityo rero ushobora kwiyumvisha uburyo ibi byandura vuba.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ibicurane n'ibicurane bisanzwe?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Ibicurane n'ibicurane byombi bishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa, nko kunyara no gukorora. Ariko , ibimenyetso by'ibicurane akenshi ntibiba bikomeye cyane, mu gihe ibimenyetso by'ibicurane bishobora kuba bikomeye ndetse rimwe na rimwe bigatera ingorane zikomeye. Wibuke ko izi ndwara zombi ziterwa n'ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa virusi.

Namenya nte neza ko mfite ibicurane cyangwa COVID-19?

Iki nacyo ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane, kuko ibimenyetso byabyo byombi bisa cyane. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo umenye neza niba urwaye ibicurane cyangwa COVID-19, ugomba kwipimisha. Hari ibyago byo kurwara indwara zikomeye muri izi ndwara zombi. Ariko kubera ko izi ndwara zombi ziterwa n'ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa virusi, abaganga bazivura bakoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibibazo biturutse ku bicurane?

Hari abantu bashobora kwandura ibicurane bikomeye kurushaho. Ibi bivuze ko bashobora kugira ibibazo bishobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga ndetse bakaba banakenera kujya mu bitaro. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira, uba uri mu kaga ko kurwara ibicurane bikomeye:

• Kuri woweNiba ufite indwara y'ibihaha idakira nka asima cyangwa COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira).
• Niba warigeze kugira indwara y'impyiko, umwijima, uturemangingo tw'imitsi , umutima, cyangwa imitsi y'amaraso (nk'indwara yo gucika kw'amaraso mu bwonko).
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi kigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imitsi cyangwa kikakugora gukorora, kumira, cyangwa gukuramo amatembabuzi mu bihaha.
• Niba urwaye diyabete (Diabetes Mellitus) .
• Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bufite intege nke (urugero, bitewe na VIH/SIDA, kanseri, cyangwa gufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri).
• Niba ufite indwara iterwa n'amaraso , urugero nk'indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umushiha.
• Niba igipimo cy'uburemere bw'umubiri wawe (BMI) kirenze 30 (bivuze ko ufite umubyibuho ukabije).
• Niba uri umwana uri munsi y'imyaka 5 , cyangwa niba urengeje imyaka 65 .
• Niba uri umubyeyi utwite .
• Niba uri munsi y'imyaka 19 kandi ufata aspirine buri gihe.
• Niba utuye mu kigo cyita ku barwayi igihe kirekire.

Ni ingenzi cyane ko abantu bari muri aya matsinda y’abantu bashobora kwandura, cyane cyane abari mu kaga, bajya gushaka inama kwa muganga igihe cyose ibimenyetso by’ibicurane bigaragaye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibicurane?

Ibimenyetso by'ibicurane akenshi biza mu buryo butunguranye. Ushobora kugira bimwe muri ibi cyangwa byose:

• Umuriro
• Ubukonje
• Kubabara umubiri
• Inkorora
• Umutwe
• Kubabara mu muhogo
• Izuru riva cyangwa izuru riziba
• Kumva unaniwe kandi nta buzima ufite
• Impiswi cyangwa kuruka (ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bana bato)

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ibicurane?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ibicurane biterwa na virusi yitwa grippe. Ubwoko bukunze kwanduza abantu ni grippe A, B, na C. Muri ubwo bwoko, ubwoko bubiri, grippe A na B, ni ubwo mu gihe cy'ubukonje (ni ukuvuga akenshi mu gihe cy'ubukonje), kandi ibimenyetso byabyo ntibiba bikomeye cyane. Grippe C ntabwo itera ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane, kandi ntabwo ari ubwo mu gihe cy'ubukonje - igaragara mu mubare ungana w'abarwayi mu mwaka wose.

H1N1 (yitwa kandi "ibicurane by'ingurube") n'ibicurane by'inyoni, twombi twumvise, ni bimwe mu bigize virusi ya grippe A.

Ese ibicurane byandura?

Yego, ibicurane ni indwara yandura. Ubusanzwe, umuntu urwaye ibicurane ashobora kwanduza undi muntu umwe cyangwa babiri.

Ibicurane byandura bite?

Virusi ya grippe yandurira mu gukorana n'umuntu wayinduye. Dore bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi ibicurane bishobora gukwirakwiramo:

• Iyo umuntu urwaye akorora, yitsamuye cyangwa avuga, ibitonyanga bishobora kugwa ku biganza byawe cyangwa bigahumekwa mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa. Kuva aho, virusi ishobora kugera mu bihaha byawe.
• Mu gukora ku buso burimo virusi hanyuma ugakora ku maso, ku mazuru, ku munwa, cyangwa ku maso. Urugero, ku nzugi, ku meza, kuri mudasobwa na telefoni.
• Mu gukora ku maboko cyangwa mu maso h'umuntu urwaye ibicurane hanyuma ugakora ku maso, ku mazuru, ku munwa, cyangwa ku maso.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo virusi yinjire mu mubiri ikagaragaza ibimenyetso?

Iyo wanduye iyi virusi, ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu minsi imwe cyangwa ine (igihe cyo kubagwa).

Ni gute icyorezo cya grippe gipimwa?

Muganga azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe maze agapima icyitegererezo cy'ibicurane mu mazuru yawe kugira ngo yemeze ko urwaye ibicurane. Bazashyira agatambaro koroshye gafite ipamba (agatambaro) mu mazuru yawe kugira ngo barebe virusi ya grippe. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuguha ibisubizo mu minota mike, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe icyitegererezo gishobora koherezwa muri laboratwari kandi ibisubizo bishobora kuboneka mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Ibicurane bivurwa bite?

Hari ubwo abaganga bashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibicurane. Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara cyane no kugabanya igihe urwaye. Ariko, abantu benshi bashobora kurwara ibicurane badafite iyi miti. Abaganga bakwandikira iyi miti igabanya ubukana bw'ibicurane mu bihe bikurikira:

• Iyo ibimenyetso bimaze amasaha atarenze 48, ubushobozi bw'iyi miti bushobora kugabanuka iyo ibimenyetso bimaze iminsi irenga ibiri. Ibi biterwa nuko icyo gihe virusi iba yarakwirakwiriye cyane mu mubiri kandi umubiri ukaba waratangiye kuyirwanya ukoresheje utunyangingo tw'umubiri.
• Niba ufite indi ndwara idasobanutse, cyangwa niba uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara ikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira uyu muti nubwo waba umaze amasaha arenga 48 ibimenyetso byawe bitangiye.
• Iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane , imiti ishobora gutangwa nubwo indwara yaba imaze iminsi irenga ibiri.
• Nta kibazo niba ubana cyangwa wita ku bantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye biturutse ku bicurane.

Ni iyihe miti ivura ibicurane?

Dore imwe mu miti igabanya ubukana bw'ibicurane:

• Oseltamivir phosphate (izina rya Tamiflu®). Iyi ifatwa mu kanwa nk'ikinini cyangwa amazi. Ubusanzwe ifatwa iminsi myinshi.
• Zanamivir (izina rya Relenza®). Iyi ihumekwa mu kanwa hakoreshejwe inhaler. Igomba kandi gufatwa iminsi myinshi. Ntibyemewe ku bantu bafite ibibazo byo guhumeka nka asima cyangwa COPD.
• Peramivir (izina rya Rapivap®). Uyu ni umuti utangwa mu mitsi (IV) na muganga. Ubusanzwe utangwa mu rugero rumwe.
• Baloxavir marboxil (izina rya Xofluza®). Iyi kandi ifatwa mu kanwa nk'ikinini cyangwa amazi. Ifatwa nk'umuti umwe. Ntibyemewe ku bagore batwite, ababyeyi bonsa, abarwayi bo mu bitaro, n'abantu bafite izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe.

Niba ufite izindi ndwara, ugomba kubibwira muganga mbere yo gutangira imiti nk'iyi igabanya ubukana bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti.

Ingaruka mbi zo kuvurwa

Buri muti ugabanya ubukana bw'imiti ushobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye. Ariko, izikunze kugaragara cyane ni isesemi no gucibwamo. Imiti ihumekwa rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera bronchospasm.

Ni gute wagenzura ibimenyetso by'ibicurane mu rugo?

Abantu benshi bashobora kwihanganira ibimenyetso by'ibicurane bari mu rugo. Imiti itangwa mu gihe umuntu arwaye ibicurane (OTC) n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bishobora gufasha:

• Kuruhuka neza uko bishoboka kose.
• Nywa ibinyobwa byinshi, nk'amazi n'isupu. Ibi bishobora gufasha kwirinda umwuma.
• Gushyira agapfunyika k'amazi ashyushye ku mubiri bishobora gufasha kugabanya ububabare.
• Ushobora gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen (urugero: Tylenol®) cyangwa NSAIDs (urugero: Advil®, Motrin®, Aleve®) kugira ngo ugabanye umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, no kubabara umubiri.
• Ku bijyanye no kuziba izuru cyangwa kuzana amazi mu mazuru, ushobora gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare mu mazuru cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare mu kanwa, nka phenylephrine cyangwa pseudoephedrine .
• Kugira ngo ugenzure inkorora ikunze kugaragara, ushobora gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nka dextromethorphan .
• Imiti igabanya ububabare, nka guaifenesin , ifasha mu koroshya amatembabuzi mu bihaha.

Si imiti yose ya OTC ikorera buri wese, bityo ni byiza kubanza kubaza muganga wawe mbere yo kuyikoresha. Nanone, menya neza niba imiti imwe n'imwe ari myiza kuyifata hamwe cyangwa hamwe n'izindi nyongeramusaruro ufata. Ntugahe aspirine abana bari munsi y'imyaka 16 keretse muganga abigutegetse.

Ni gute wakwirinda kwandura ibicurane?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara ibicurane ni uguhabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane buri mwaka.Ibi bishobora gutangwa nk'urushinge cyangwa nk'umuti wo mu mazuru. Ni ngombwa kubona urukingo buri mwaka kuko virusi ya grippe ishobora guhinduka.

Dore ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara ibicurane:

• Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi buri gihe. Niba isabune n'amazi ntayo biboneka, koresha umuti wica udukoko urimo alukolo .
• Upfuke izuru n'umunwa wawe iyo ukorora cyangwa witsamuye. Ni byiza gukorora/kwitsamura mu nkokora yawe cyangwa mu gitambaro kuruta kubipfuka mu ntoki.
• Irinde kuba hafi y'abandi bantu niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu afite indwara yandura, nka grippe. Niba urwaye kandi ukaba ugomba kuba hafi y'abandi bantu, ambara agapfukamunwa.
• Irinde gukora ku maso, mu maso, mu mazuru no mu kanwa.
• Ntugasangire ibiryo, ibinyobwa, cyangwa ibikoresho (ibiyiko, amakanya, ibikombe) n'abandi.

Bigenda bite iyo mfashwe n'ibicurane? Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo kire?

Abantu benshi bashobora kwihanganira ibimenyetso by'ibicurane bari mu rugo bagakira mu minsi mike cyangwa icyumweru. Ariko, bishobora kuba bikomeye, bityo ni ngombwa gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe no gushaka inama kwa muganga nibiba ngombwa. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba ufite izindi ndwara zihishe inyuma.

Niba urwaye ibicurane, ugomba kwirinda gusabana n'abandi bantu keretse niba ushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ibicurane bimara igihe kingana iki?

Ibicurane bishobora kumara iminsi mike kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ibimenyetso nk'umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri biza mu buryo butunguranye, ariko bishira vuba kurusha ibindi bimenyetso. Inkorora cyangwa izuru riva bishobora kumara igihe runaka.

Ibicurane byandura igihe kingana iki?

Ushobora kwanduza ibicurane kuva umunsi umwe mbere yuko utangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso kugeza ku cyumweru kimwe nyuma yuko utangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso. Ikwirakwira cyane mu minsi itatu cyangwa ine ya mbere nyuma yuko ibimenyetso bitangiye. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye n'abana bato bashobora kwanduzanya indwara mbere y'uko ikwirakwira.

Ni ryari nshobora gusubira ku kazi/ku ishuri?

Kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza ibicurane ku bandi, ugomba gutegereza nibura amasaha 24 nyuma yo kutarwara umuriro (utafashe imiti igabanya umuriro) mbere yo gusubira ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri. Aho ukorera cyangwa ku ishuri hashobora kuba hari amategeko atandukanye.

Ingorane z'ibicurane

Virusi ya grippe ubwayo ishobora gutera ingorane, cyangwa ishobora gutuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bugabanuka bigatuma bagiteri zandura ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe (ubwandu bwa kabiri). Izo ngorane n'ubwandu bwa kabiri birimo:

• Indwara zo mu matwi
• Indwara za sinus
• Umusonga, indwara ikomeye y'ibihaha. Umusonga ushobora gutera indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga nka Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Gutakaza/gukuramo inda.
• Ubusembwa bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko (NTDs) bugaragara ku mwana ukiri mu nda y'umubyeyi utwite.

Mu gihe cy’icyorezo gisanzwe cy’ibicurane mu gihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bivugwa ko abantu bari hagati ya 20.000 na 50.000 bapfa bazize ibicurane buri mwaka. Abandi bantu bari hagati ya 300.000 na 500.000 bararwara bikomeye kandi bagomba kujya mu bitaro.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba utekereza ko urwaye ibicurane, ni ngombwa kwipimisha hakiri kare. Hanyuma, niba muganga wawe aguhaye imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti, izagira akamaro kanini. Shaka muganga ako kanya niba:

• Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ibicurane kandi ufite indi ndwara y'uburwayi igushyira mu kaga ko kurwara bikomeye .
• Iyo ibimenyetso bitagenze neza nyuma y'iminsi irindwi kugeza ku icumi, cyangwa umuriro ugakomeza iminsi irenga itatu.
• Niba uri umubyeyi utwite kandi ufite umuriro cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by'ibicurane .

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Kigo cyita ku Buvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye, ugomba kujya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse cyangwa ugashaka inama kwa muganga vuba. Ibimenyetso nk'ibi birimo:

• Umuriro mwinshi (uri hejuru ya 103 Fahrenheit/40 Selisiyusi).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Nta cyangwa hari inkari nke cyane.
• Ububabare bwo mu gituza cyangwa mu nda (mu nda) budashira.
• Kuzungera cyane.
• Urujijo.
• Kubabara imitsi cyane cyangwa intege nke.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Ibara ry'ubururu ry'uruhu, iminwa, cyangwa inzara ( cyanosis - ibi bivuze ko hari ogisijeni nke mu maraso cyangwa mu ngingo zawe).
• Umuriro cyangwa inkorora biragabanuka, hanyuma bikongera kwiyongera.
• Kurushaho kwiyongera kw'izindi ndwara zidakira.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe?

• Uyu muti nawufata nte neza?
• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imiti igurishwa mu iduka ry'imiti (OTC) nshobora kugura muri farumasi?
• Ni gute nakwitwara mu gihe ndi mu rugo?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso bikomeye nkwiye guhangayikishwa nabyo?
• Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?
• Nzongera kubonana ryari?
• Bizantwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ngire gukira?

Ese ibicurane byo mu gifu ni kimwe na grippe?

Oya. Igifu cy'igifu, kizwi nka grippe mu gifu, ntigiterwa na virusi ya grippe. Ni indwara itandukanye ntaho ihuriye n'ibicurane by'igihe runaka.

Amaherezo, ibintu ugomba kwibuka

Nubwo ibicurane ari indwara ikunze kugaragara, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko bishobora guteza ingorane zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Guterwa inshinge ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda kurwara no kurinda abakunzi bawe n'abaturanyi bawe.Niba ufite izindi ndwara cyangwa utwite, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara ibicurane. Kurwara ibicurane ntabwo ari ibintu bishimishije, ariko kuri benshi, ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe filime nziza n'igikombe cy'isupu y'inkoko. Ariko, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga igihe bibaye ngombwa.