Reka twige gusa kuri Acetylcholine (ACh): Intumwa y'ibanga y'umubiri wacu!

Ese wigeze wibaza ukuntu akazi kaba kangana iki mu mubiri wawe, utanabizi? Tekereza kuri ibyo, umutima wawe utera, guhumeka kwawe, kwibuka isura wabonye, ​​kwimura amaboko n'amaguru yawe... Ibi byose ntibibaho ubusa. Inyuma y'ibi byose hari intumwa nto za shimi. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ntumwa z'ingenzi cyane mu mibiri yacu. Izina ryayo ni acetylcholine, cyangwa (ACh) mu magambo ahinnye.

None se iyi asetilikoline (ACh) ni nde?

Mu magambo make, acetylcholine (ACh) ni ubwoko bw'ibinyabutabire byitwa neurotransmitter. Tekereza nk'aho ubwonko bwacu n'umubiri wacu bihurira kuri telefoni. Rero ibi (neurotransmitters) bimeze nk''intumwa' zijyana ubutumwa hirya no hino muri ubwo buryo.

Asetilikolini ni umusemburo w’ubwonko utera gushyuha. Ibyo bivuze ko iyi ntumwa ijya mu ngirabuzimafatizo y’imitsi ikurikiraho "ikayibyutsa," "ikayitera imbaraga," ikavuga iti "Sawa, noneho ni wowe ugiye, komeza ubu butumwa."

Izina ryayo rikomoka ku bintu bibiri ikoramo. Ni itsinda rya acetyl n'intungamubiri yitwa choline. Dushobora kubona iyi choline mu biribwa. Iboneka mu bintu nk'umuhondo w'igi, soya, imboga n'imbuto. Ikorwa kandi n'umwijima wacu.

Asetilikoline ikora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mibiri yacu. Ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu gukora imitsi ku bushake . Igira kandi uruhare runini mu mikorere y'ubwonko nko kwibuka, gutekereza, no kwiga ibintu bishya .

Ibi bikora bite mu mibiri yacu?

Dufite enzyme mu mibiri yacu yitwa 'choline acetyltransferase'. Tekereza nk'umutetsi. Iyi enzyme niyo ihuza choline yavuzwe haruguru n'itsinda rya acetyl kugira ngo habeho acetylcholine nziza cyane (ACh). Iyi gahunda ibera ku mpera z'uturemangingo tw'imitsi yacu.

Noneho reka turebe uko ubu butumwa bugenda.

Iyo acetylcholine (ACh) imaze gukorwa, ibikwa ku mpera y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi, nk'umurundo w'amabaruwa mu biro by'iposita. Iyi ACh yabitswe irekurwa iyo ubutumwa buturutse mu bwonko bugeze.

Hanyuma iyi ACh ijya mu cyuho gito kiri hagati y’uturemangingo tubiri tw’imitsi. Iki cyuho cyitwa synaptic cleft. Tekereza nk'ubutumwa busimbuka uruzi.

Uturemangingo tw’imitsi turi iruhande rwatwo dufite ahantu hihariye ho gufata iyi ACh yinjira. Mu by’ukuri, ni nk’urufunguzo rujyanye n’urufunguzo. Utwo tumenyetso twitwa. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi bwa receptors za acetylcholine:

1. Receptors za Nikotine

2. Receptors za Muscarinic

Iyo urufunguzo rwa ACh rufatanye na rumwe muri izi mfunguzo ebyiri za Ibi, ubutumwa bwoherezwa mu kagari gakurikira. Muri ubwo buryo, ubutumwa buva mu kagari bujya mu kandi bugagera ahantu hakwiye (urugero, umutsi).

Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi acetylcholine (ACh) ikora ku mibiri yacu?

Acetylcholine (ACh) ifite imirimo myinshi itandukanye. Imikorere yayo iratandukanye bitewe na receptor ifatanye nayo. Reka turebe imirimo yayo y'ingenzi.

Ubwo bwoko bwombi bwa receptor bugira uruhare muri byose kuva ku kubungabunga kwibuka kwacu, kugeza ku gukora kwibuka gushya, kubibika no kubibuka . Ni ingenzi cyane mu bwonko, ku kwita ku byo twitaho, ubushake bwacu bwo kwiga, no ku gihe cyo gusinzira cyane cyitwa REM (Rapid Eye Movement).

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kubaho iyo ibi bigabanutse?

Kugabanuka k'urugero rwa acetylcholine (ACh) mu mubiri wacu bishobora gutera indwara nyinshi zikomeye. Izikuru ni izi:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer: Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugira ingaruka ku kwibuka. Byagaragaye ko abantu barwaye indwara ya Alzheimer bafite urugero ruke rwa acetylcholine mu bwonko.
• Myasthenia gravis: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri. Ibi bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu buturwanya. Ikibaho hano ni uko ubudahangarwa bwacu bugenda bukangiza acetylcholine receptors (ACh) mu mitsi. Hanyuma ACh ntishobora kohereza ubutumwa, bityo imitsi igenda icika intege buhoro buhoro.
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Ibi kandi bitera intege nke z'imitsi. Ariko impamvu ni itandukanye. Ikibaho hano ni uko uturemangingo tw'imitsi tudasohora ACh ihagije.

Ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kuri acetylcholine (ACh)

Ikibabaje ni uko bamwe bakoresheje ubumenyi bw'uko acetylcholine ikora kugira ngo igirire nabi abantu.

Urugero, imyuka y'imitsi nka sarin n'imiti yica udukoko imwe n'imwe ikora mu guhagarika enzyme ya acetylcholinesterase twavuze mbere. Ibi bituma ACh yirundanya, igatuma imitsi icika ndetse igatera n'urupfu.

Nanone, iyo umuntu ayinyoye, uburozi bw’igitagangurirwa cy’umukara butuma urugero rwa ACh ruzamuka cyane. Ibi bishobora gutera imitsi kubyimba cyane, kunyaragurika, no gucika intege, ndetse no gupfa.

Ese hari imiti igamije ibi?

Yego. Imiti yibasira acetylcholine ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Ubwoko bw'imiti nyamukuru ni 'cholinesterase inhibitors'. Iyi miti ikora mu guhagarika enzyme isenya ACh. Ibi bituma ACh iguma mu mwanya uri hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi igihe kirekire, bikongera imikorere yayo. Iyi miti (urugero: donepezil, rivastigmine) ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara aho urugero rwa ACh ruri hasi, nka Alzheimer na myasthenia gravis .

Urugero, uburozi bwa Botulinum , cyangwa nkuko twese tubizi, 'Botox'. Bukora mu kubuza irekurwa rya ACh mu mitsi. Ibi bituma imitsi iruhuka aho kwifata. Bukoreshwa mu rwego rwo kwisiga (kugabanya iminkanyari) no kuvura indwara nka migraine.

Ese dushobora kubifata mu buryo bw'ibinini? Ese dushobora kubikura mu biribwa?

Asetilikolini (ACh) ubwayo ntishobora gufatwa nk'ikinini. Ariko, intungamubiri ifasha kuyikora, choline, ishobora gufatwa nk'inyongeramusaruro. Inyongeramusaruro zimwe na zimwe z'ibimera, nka Ginkgo biloba, na zo zikekwaho kugira ingaruka ku rugero rwa ACh.

Ariko hari ikintu ugomba kwibuka rwose . Ntukigere ukoresha inyongeramusaruro iyo ari yo yose utabanje kugisha inama muganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiye . Zishobora kugira ingaruka ku yindi miti ufata, cyangwa zishobora kukugirira nabi.

Ariko dushobora kubona choline mu buryo busanzwe mu biribwa. Bimwe mu biribwa by'ingenzi birimo ni:

• Umwijima w'inyama z'inka
• Amagi
• Inyama z'inka
• Soya, ubunyobwa
• Inkoko
• Ifi y'ifi y'ifi
• Quinoa
• Ibihumyo, broccoli
• Amata