Ese nawe ufite ubwivumbure kuri ibi bintu? Reka tumenye byinshi ku byerekeye ubwivumbure.

Ese rimwe na rimwe uryarya nta mpamvu? Ese wumva umeze nk'ufite ibicurane kandi izuru ryawe rifunze? Bishobora kuba biterwa n'ikintu utatekerezaho. Ibi tubyita 'allergie'. Abantu benshi ntibabizi cyane. Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi, kuko bigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi.

Iyi allergie ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, allergie ni uburyo umubiri wacu utagira icyo ukora. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: umubiri wacu ufite ubwirinzi, tuwita ubwirinzi bw'umubiri . Ni nk'ingabo zirinda igihugu. Ubu buryo burwanya mikorobe, bagiteri, na virusi zituruka hanze kandi zikaturinda kurwara. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, iyo ibintu bitagize ingaruka mbi kuri twe - urugero, impongo, umukungugu, n'ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe - byinjiye mu mubiri wacu, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu bwibeshya ko uyu ari umwanzi ukomeye. Hanyuma bugatangira kurwana na bwo bitari ngombwa. Niyo mpamvu tubwita gusa allergie. Ubu buryo ni bwo butuma tugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye, nko kurira no kwitsamura.

Ni izihe allergie zisanzwe dushobora kugira?

Hari ibintu byinshi dushobora kugira ubwivumbure, ariko dore bimwe mu bikunze kugaragara:

• Uburozi bw'inzuki n'izindi ndwara z'udukoko: Hari abantu bashobora kugira ubwivumbure bukomeye ku nyamaswa nk'ivu n'ihoni.
• Udukoko two mu mukungugu: Utu ni ibiremwa bito cyane ku buryo tutabonwa n'amaso. Biba mu mukungugu mu ngo zacu. Bikunze kugaragara mu matelas, mu misego no mu matapi.
• Ibyokurya: Hari abantu bagira ubwivumbure ku biribwa nk'amata, amagi, ubunyobwa, soya, amafi, isambaza n'inkara.
• Imiti: Imiti imwe n'imwe, nk'imiti igabanya ububabare n'imiti igabanya ubukana, ishobora gutera allergie.
• Ibihumyo: Ibihumyo bikurira ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi, nko ku nkuta zishaje, bishobora gutera allergie iyo bihumetswe.
• Inyamaswa: Hari abantu bagira ubwivumbure ku bwoya, amacandwe, n'uturemangingo tw'uruhu twapfuye tw'inyamaswa nk'imbwa n'injangwe. Tekereza, umaze gukora ku njangwe mu rugo rw'inshuti yawe, utangira kwitsamura amaso yawe agahinduka umutuku. Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kuba ufite ubwivumbure ku njangwe.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura uruhu: Ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe, amasabune, ibyuma (nk'ikinyabutabire cya nikeli), n'ibimera bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera uduheri iyo bigeze ku ruhu .
• Impumuro: Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ibicurane n'amaso asharira mu bantu benshi mu gihe cy'impeshyi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburwayi bwo kurwara indwara?

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi, ndetse bigaterwa n'icyo urwaye. Reba uru rutonde:

• Kuryarya uruhu, ibibyimba, cyangwa uduheri.
• Kuryarya.
• Kuramira, izuru rizibye, izuru rivamo amazi.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka, nko gukorora no guhumeka.
• Amaso asharira kandi afite amazi.
• Kubyimba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka, kugorwa no kumira.
• Kuruka cyangwa impiswi.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi.

Noneho, iyo ukoze ku kintu ufite ubwivumbure, ushobora kugira uduheri ku ruhu gusa. Ariko iyo uhumeka ikintu nk'umukungugu cyangwa uruhu rw'inyamaswa, ushobora kugira izuru riva no kwitsamura. Allergie ku biribwa, imiti, uburozi bw'ivu, n'ibindi bintu bishobora kuba bibi cyane. Bishobora no gutuma umuhogo wawe ubyimba kandi bikakugora guhumeka. Ibi twita "Anaphylaxis." Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa kandi gikeneye kuvurwa vuba.

Iyi allergie imara igihe kingana iki?

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bimara igihe cyose uhuye n’ibyo bintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure. Hari allergie zitangira mu minota mike. Hari n’izindi zigaragara nyuma y’amasaha cyangwa iminsi. Ibimenyetso akenshi bishira mu masaha make nyuma yo guhura n’ibyo bintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure. Ariko, zimwe mu allergie z’uruhu, nka contact dermatitis, zishobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi.

Kuki turwara izi allergie?

Ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bubeshya poroteyine mu bintu bitagize ingaruka mbi nk'umukungugu, dander y'inyamaswa, imiti imwe n'imwe, n'ibiribwa ku kintu kibi, nka virusi cyangwa bagiteri. Hanyuma, iyo duhumeka ibi bintu, tukabirya, cyangwa tukabikoraho, umubiri wacu utekereza ko iki ari ikibazo gikomeye kandi ko ugomba kubyikuramo. Ni bwo ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru bigaragara.

Igikuru ni uko allergie akenshi idakunze kubaho nyuma yo guhura n'ikintu rimwe gusa. Iyo tuhuye nacyo bwa mbere, umubiri wacu umenya ko ari ikintu kidasanzwe kandi ugakora poroteyine zidasanzwe, zitwa antibodies, zirwanya. Ubu buryo tubwita "sensitization." Hanyuma, iyo ikintu kimwe cyinjiye mu mubiri nanone, antibodies zakozwe zirakora kandi zigaha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ikimenyetso kigira kiti "Dore umwanzi araje, tera." Ni bwo ibimenyetso by'allergie bigaragara.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira iyi allergie?

Nubwo ibi bishobora kubaho kuri buri wese, hari abantu bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara:

• Niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe afite allergie: Hari ingaruka ku miterere y'umubiri.
• Ku bafite indwara nka asima cyangwa eczema: Izi ndwara zirafitanye isano. Ibi kandi bikunze kwitwa atopi.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma indwara ya allergie?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure, muganga ashobora kubyemeza akoresheje ibizamini bimwe na bimwe.

• Ikizamini cy'uruhu:Icyo ukora kuri ibi ni uko ushyiramo agace gato k'ikintu ubona ko ushobora kuba ufite ubwivumbure ku ruhu rwawe, ugakata agace gato cyane, hanyuma ukagateramo inshinge. Iyo agace kagize umutuku, kakabyimba, kandi kakarya mu minota 15-20, bivuze ko ufite ubwivumbure kuri icyo kintu.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bireba niba ufite antibodies (IgE) mu maraso yawe zikozwe mu kurwanya ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera allergie.

Muganga azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe n'ibintu uhura nabyo (urugero, akazi kawe, ibyo ukunda gukora, nibindi) kugira ngo amenye ibizamini ugomba gupimwa.

Hari igihe, bitewe n'uburwayi bw'uruhu wibwira ko ufite, ushobora gupimwa umwuka, gupimwa imiti cyangwa ibiryo, cyangwa gupimwa uburyo bwo guhumeka. Ikizamini cy'uburyo bwo guhumeka gisuzuma uburyo uruhu rwatinze kumera nyuma y'iminsi mike.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura allergie?

Ikintu cya mbere kandi cyiza ni ukurinda ibintu uhura nabyo uko bishoboka kose. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba allergie yawe ikomeye ku buryo ishobora gutera anaphylaxis.

Ariko, biragoye kwirinda burundu ibintu nk'umukungugu n'umukungugu biboneka ahantu hose. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata imiti imwe n'imwe buri munsi cyangwa gufata imiti imwe n'imwe buri gihe. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso cyangwa kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ikibazo gikomeye.

Bitewe n'ubwivumbure bwawe, ibi bikurikira bishobora kugirwa inama:

• Antihistamines: Ingero zirimo imiti nka Fexofenadine (Allegra®), Loratadine (Claritin®), na Cetirizine (Zyrtec®). Iyi miti ikora mu guhagarika imiti yitwa histamine, isohoka mu gihe cy'allergie.
• Imiti ikoreshwa mu mazuru ya steroid: Ingero zirimo Flonase® na Nasacort®. Iyi miti igabanya kubyimba, kuziba izuru, no kuva amazi mu mazuru.
• Uburyo bwo guhindura leukotriene: Imiti nka Montelukast ishobora no gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite asima.
• Inshinge za Omalizumab (Xolair®): Izi zikoreshwa mu kuvura ubwivumbure bw'ibiryo n'udukoko tudakira.
• Ubuvuzi bw'ubudahangarwa ku ndwara ya aleriji: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira buhoro buhoro ibintu bitera aleriji mu mubiri wawe uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma umubiri wawe ubasha kumenyera. Ibi bishobora gukorwa nk'urushinge (inshinge za aleriji), nk'ikinini gishyirwa munsi y'ururimi (Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)), cyangwa nk'ubuvuzi bwo mu kanwa (Oral immunotherapy (OIT)). Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bumara igihe kirekire bukorwa buyobowe n'inzobere.

Niba ufite allergie ishobora gutera allergie ikomeye, muganga wawe azakubwira guhora witwaje epinephrine auto-injection (nka EpiPen® cyangwa Auvi-Q®). Ugomba kuyikoresha mu gihe ubonye ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'allergie ikomeye.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga cyangwa kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by’ubwivumbure kandi ukaba ushaka kumenya impamvu nyayo, gana muganga. Umuganga wawe w’ibanze ashobora kukwohereza ku muganga w’inzobere, nka muganga w’indwara z’ubwivumbure cyangwa dermatologist, kugira ngo agupime ibindi bipimo.

Ariko niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ugomba guhita ujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro cyangwa ugahamagara 1990:

• Kubyimba vuba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa mu muhogo.
• Guhumeka nabi, guhumeka nabi, gufunga igituza.
• Udukoko dukwirakwira vuba mu mubiri wose.
• Ubunararibonye bw'amaboko, ibirenge, iminwa.
• Kumva ufite intege nke, isereri, gucika intege.
• Ukumva ufite ubwoba bwinshi, wumva ko hari ibyago byinshi bigiye kuza.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite allergie?

Ubwoko bw'allergie ufite ni bwo bugena ibyo ugomba guhangana na byo. Allergie z'ibihe, nka allergie y'umukungugu n'allergie y'amatungo, akenshi zirakaza ariko ntizishyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ariko, allergie ku bintu nk'ibiryo, imiti, n'uburozi bw'ivu zishobora kuba mbi cyane. Niba ufite imwe muri izi allergie, ugomba guhora witwaje inshinge za epinephrine.

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo mbone ubutabazi mu gihe mfite ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure?

Nubwo waba uvurwa, niba hari igihe ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure bikubangamira, ushobora kubona ihumure muri ibi bintu:

• Imiti yo mu kanwa yo kugabanya kubyimba kw'amazuru (nk'uko muganga yabitegetse) cyangwa imiti yo koza mu mazuru ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya kubyimba kw'amazuru no kuva amazi mu mazuru.
• Kugira ngo ugabanye uburyaryate n'umutuku mu maso, shyiramo igitambaro gisukuye cyinjijwe mu mazi y'urubura cyangwa ukoreshe ibitonyanga mu maso (nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse) kuri aleriji.
• Fata ubwiherero wambare imyenda mishya (cyane cyane iyo uvuye hanze) kugira ngo ukureho ibintu byose bishobora gutuma umubiri wawe urwara indwara.
• Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga adatera ubwivumbure cyangwa adafite impumuro nziza kugira ngo ugabanye uburyaryate n'uduheri ku ruhu.

Ese allergie ishobora kwirindwa?

Nta buryo na bumwe bwo kwirinda ko allergie itangira. Ariko niba usanzwe ufite allergie, dore ibintu bimwe na bimwe ushobora gukora kugira ngo wirinde allergie:

• Reka gukora ku nyamaswa ufite ubwivumbure cyangwa kurigata. Hindura imyenda nyuma yo gufata izo nyamaswa. (Ntuzireke zinjire mu cyumba cyawe cyo kuraramo, ku buriri bwawe, cyangwa ku ntebe zawe. Ntukore ku bikinisho byazo.)
• Sukura amatapi n'amatapi buri gihe kugira ngo ukureho ibintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure nk'umukungugu, uruhu rw'amatungo, n'umukungugu. Hanagura umukungugu ukoresheje igitambaro gitose.
• Byaba byiza ukoresheje "Hepa air filters" zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukuraho ibintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure mu kirere.
• Komeza ufunze amadirishya y'inzu yawe mu gihe cy'indabyo nyinshi.
• Hindura buri gihe ibyuma biyungurura (filters) biri muri sisitemu ya HVAC yo mu rugo rwawe.

Niba ufite ubwivumbure bw'ibiryo, soma witonze ibyapa by'ibiribwa. Bika gusa ibiryo udafite ubwivumbure mu rugo rwawe. Rya gusa ahantu wizeye ko ushobora kurya nta kibazo. Menya neza ko wamenyesheje muganga wawe ibijyanye n'ubwivumbure bwawe mu gihe ugiye kurya hanze.

Ese allergie irahinduka uko imyaka igenda ishira?

Yego, ubwivumbure bushobora guhinduka uko imyaka igenda ikura. Biterwa n'uburyo uhura n'ibintu bishobora gutuma urwara ubwivumbure, impinduka mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, n'ibindi bintu.

Hari igihe, allergie isanzwe ishobora kwiyongera. Cyangwa, allergie zashize zishobora kugaruka. Hari n'igihe, allergie isanzwe ishobora koroha uko igihe kigenda gihita - urugero, niba ufite allergie ku njangwe, allergie yawe ishobora kugabanuka iyo umaranye igihe kinini hafi yazo (ibi byitwa "kwihanganirana", ariko ibi ntibibaho kuri buri wese). Nanone, hari abantu bashobora kugira allergie nshya uko bagenda bakura.

Amaherezo, ngomba kubabwira ibi...

Allergie ni kimwe mu bintu bigize ubuzima bwa buri munsi ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi. Kuri bamwe, ni ibisanzwe kugira izuru riseseka no kwitsamura buri mpeshyi. Ku bandi, ni urugamba rwo kwirinda ko uruhu rwabo rugera ku mbwa ikundwa iri hafi aho. Allergie y'ibiribwa n'imiti ni mbi cyane - bivuze ko ugomba gusoma neza ibyapa by'ibiribwa no kwitondera imiti mishya.

Ariko ibuka ko hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugenzure allergie yawe. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe. Muri ubwo buryo, ushobora kumenya neza ikikubereye.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara z'uruhu , ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kuvura, indwara z'uruhu, guhumeka nabi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, (Anaphylaxis)