Ese wumva ufite urujijo cyangwa urujijo? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'imitekerereze yahindutse (AMS)!

Ese wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi wigeze wumva umeze nabi gato, atari uko bimeze? Hari igihe bavuga nabi amagambo yabo, ntibakibuka abo bari bo cyangwa aho bari, cyangwa bagatangira kwitwara mu buryo butangaje. Ibi ni byo twita, mu magambo make, 'impinduka mu mutwe' cyangwa, nk'uko abaganga babyita , 'impinduka mu mutwe' (AMS) . Iyi si indwara yihariye, ahubwo ni impinduka ikomeye mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu ishobora kubaho bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwacu. Reka tubiganireho birambuye, si byo se?

Mu by'ukuri se, AMS ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Altered Mental Status (AMS) ni indwara ubwonko bwawe budakora neza. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara, imvune ku mubiri, cyangwa imvune yo mu mutwe. Ibi bishobora gutera impinduka mu bumenyi bwawe, mu mitekerereze yawe, mu myitwarire yawe, ndetse no mu kugenda. Tekereza nk'ikibazo cya porogaramu ya mudasobwa ihagarika gukora neza.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n'impinduka (AMS)?

Dushobora kubona iyi mimerere (AMS) mu buryo butatu bw'ingenzi. Buri kimwe muri ibi gifite imiterere itandukanye.

1. Kureba kure

Iyi ni indwara itunguranye kandi itunguranye. Delirium ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi. Muri ibi, umuntu ashobora kubura aho areba, akabura aho areba, kandi akitwara mu buryo budasanzwe. Tekereza nyogokuru wawe ugeze mu za bukuru agutunguye atakumenya cyangwa ngo akumenye abantu bamukikije, agatangira gutaka. Ariko ikintu cyiza ni uko iyo uvuwe neza, iyi ndwara ishobora gukira burundu.

2. Gutakaza kwibuka buhoro buhoro (Dementia)

Dementia ni indwara ikomeza kwiyongera ikagira ingaruka ku kwibuka no gutekereza, kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bakuze. Uko iyi ndwara ikomeza kwiyongera, abantu bashobora kwibagirwa abo bari bo, aho bari, n'abo akunda. Ishobora kuba ikibazo kibabaje.

3. Ihungabana ry'imitekerereze (Psychosis)

Icya gatatu ni Psychosis. Muri ibi, umuntu ntashobora gutandukanya ukuri n'inzozi. Ashobora kubona no kumva ibintu bitariho, kugira ibitekerezo bidasanzwe, no kumva akeka. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ingaruka z'imiti imwe n'imwe. Mu by'ukuri, umuntu ashobora kumva ameze nk'uri mu isi y'inzozi.

Kuki ibi (Altered Mental Status - AMS) bibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Mu ndwara nk'indwara yo kwibagirwa, ni ugutakaza ubwenge buhoro buhoro bitewe n'imiterere y'indwara. Ariko mu gihe habayeho indwara ya AMS itunguranye nko kwibagirwa cyangwa guhangayika, ikibazo kiri mu ngingo zose z'umubiri wacu gishobora kuba impamvu. Reka turebe impamvu nyamukuru.

Ibibazo by'imitsi yo hagati

Ubwonko bwacu bugenzura byose kuri twe. Rero iyo hari ikibazo mu bwonko, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwenge bwacu.

• Kuva amaraso mu bwonko (Kuva amaraso mu bwonko): Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impanuka cyangwa indi mpamvu.
• Ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko : Iki nacyo ni impamvu ikomeye ituma umuntu ahinduka mu bwenge.
• Indwara y'umwijima: Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo umwijima udakora neza kandi imyanda yinjira mu bwonko.
• Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko uterwa no kwirundanya kw'amazi mu bwonko (Obstructive hydrocephalus): Iyi nayo ni indwara ikomeye cyane.
• Indwara yo mu mutwe : Hari abantu bashobora kumara igihe batazi neza nyuma yo gufatwa n'indwara yo mu mutwe.
• Stroke : Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo amaraso agana mu bwonko ahagaze cyangwa iyo umutsi w'amaraso uturitse.

Indwara za metabolike

Iyi ndwara (AMS) ishobora kubaho iyo uburinganire bw'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri wacu buhungabanye.

• Kubura amazi mu mubiri : Ushobora kumva ufite inyota nyinshi kandi ukagira isereri iyo umubiri wawe wabuze amazi mu mubiri, kandi ushobora no kujijisha.
• Hypothermia : Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo umubiri ubaye ukonje cyane.
• Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wa ogisijeni mu maraso (Hypoxemia): Ibi bishobora guterwa no kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Hypoglycemia : Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara ku barwayi ba diyabete. Abantu bashobora gutangira kubira ibyuya mu buryo butunguranye, bagahangayika, ndetse bagatakaza ubwenge.
• Kugabanuka k'umusemburo wa sodium mu maraso (Hyponatremia)
• Kugabanuka k'umusemburo wa kalisiyumu mu maraso (Hypocalcemia)
• Hypothyroidism : Ibi bishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku kwibuka buhoro buhoro.

Ingaruka mbi z'imiti imwe n'imwe (Ingaruka mbi ku miti yanditswe na muganga)

Imiti imwe n'imwe dufata yo kuvura indwara ishobora no guteza impinduka mu mitekerereze nk'ingaruka mbi.

• Imiti igabanya ifatwa ry'ibisebe
• Imiti imwe n'imwe igenzura imitsi ihungabana (Anticholinergics)
• Ubwoko bw'umuti wa `(Corticosteroids)`
• Imiti igabanya ububabare
• Ibinini byo gusinzira

Icy'ingenzi: Uko imiti wafata yaba iri kose, niba ugize impinduka zidasanzwe mu bwenge bwawe nyuma yo kuyifata, ugomba guhita ubimenyesha muganga.

Indwara zandurira mu mubiri

Hari ubwandu bumwe na bumwe mu mubiri, cyane cyane iyo bubaye bukomeye, bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko no guhindura ubwenge.

• Indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari (UTIs): Iyo abantu, cyane cyane abageze mu zabukuru, barwaye indwara yo mu nzira y'inkari, bashobora guhungabana mu buryo butunguranye bagatakaza ubwenge. Ibi akenshi biba ari byo bituma umuntu mukuru ata ubwenge.
• Encephalitis : Kubyimba kw'imitsi yo mu bwonko.
• MeningiteMeningite: Kwandura kw'udusimba dutwikira ubwonko n'umugongo.
• Umusonga : Ubwandu bw'ibihaha nabwo bushobora kwiyongera.

Izindi mpamvu

Hariho izindi mpamvu uretse iyi.

• Gutungurwa gukomeye (urugero: gutungurwa n'umutima guterwa n'indwara y'umutima)
• Ibimenyetso byo kureka ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga cyangwa kubireka
• Ihungabana ry'ubwonko

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo mu mutwe yahindutse (AMS)?

Iyo ubwenge bw'umuntu buhindutse, ashobora kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro byinshi by'ingenzi.

Impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko n'ubumenyi

• Kugabanuka cyangwa guta ubwenge burundu (Coma)
• Urujijo, urujijo mu mutwe
• Kutamenya aho umuntu aherereye ( kudashobora kumenya ahantu, igihe, cyangwa abantu )
• Kubura ubwenge n'ibindi bibazo byo kwibuka
• Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bitabaho (Hallucinations)
• Imyemerere idasanzwe, y'ibinyoma (Ibinyoma)
• Imvugo iba idafite icyo ivuze, amagambo ahinduka urujijo
• Gutinda gusubiza ibibazo no kubisubiza

Tekereza inshuti yawe iramutse itakumenye mu buryo butunguranye, idashobora gusubiza igihe wayibajije uko umunsi wayo wifashe, kandi amagambo yayo ntagire icyo asobanura. Uko ni ko bimeze.

Ibibazo by'amarangamutima n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe

• Guhangayika no kurakara
• Ubwoba butari ngombwa, impungenge
• Ihungabana, kubura inyungu mu kintu icyo ari cyo cyose
• Guturika mu marangamutima , nko guturika mu buryo butunguranye, kurira, nibindi.
• Kumva wishimye bidasanzwe nta mpamvu (Euphoria)
• Kwitandukanya n'abandi , kugerageza kwirinda kubana n'abandi
• Imyitwarire idasanzwe

Ibindi bimenyetso byahindutse mu mutwe

• Umunaniro ukabije, umunaniro `(Umunaniro)`
• Gukabya mu mikorere, kubura amahoro, kudashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe
• Guhumeka nabi, guhumeka nabi `(Guhumeka nabi)`

Iyi ndwara (AMS) ipimwa ite?

Iyo umuntu azanywe mu bitaro afite ubwenge bwahindutse, ikintu cya mbere abaganga bakora ni ukugerageza vuba kumenya ikibitera. Akenshi, ibi bizamini bikorerwa mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze.

Abaganga bategura ibizamini byawe bakurikije ibimenyetso byawe n'uburemere bwabyo. Ubwa mbere, bakubaza (cyangwa umuntu uri kumwe nawe niba udashobora kuvuga) ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe n'imiti. Hanyuma bagukorera isuzuma ry'ibanze ry'umubiri. Bashaka ibi bikurikira:

• Inzira y'umwuka: Reba niba ifunguye kandi imeze neza.
• Guhumeka: Gutega amatwi ibihaha ukoresheje stethoscope.
• Ihindagurika ry'amaraso: Igenzura uko umutima utera, umuvuduko w'amaraso utera, n'uko umutima utera.
• Ibibura mu mitsi: Bisuzuma niba hari ibibura mu mitsi, nko gutakaza ubwenge cyangwa ubumuga ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri.
• Isuzuma ry'umubiri wose (Kugaragara): Isuzuma kuva ku mutwe kugeza ku mano rikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibikomere, ibipfuko, n'ibindi.

Ni iki kindi urimo ugerageza?

Nyuma y'iki kizamini cya mbere, hazakenerwa gukorwa ibindi bipimo byinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyayo y'indwara ya AMS.

• Ibipimo by'amaraso : Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibintu byinshi, nk'indwara zandura, urugero rw'isukari, urugero rw'umunyu, n'imikorere y'umwijima.
• CT scan : Ishobora kumenya ibintu nko kuva amaraso mu bwonko, ibibyimba, no gucika kw'imitsi.
• X-ray yo mu gituza : Gusuzuma indwara z'ibihaha nka pneumonia.
• ECG : Reba ibitagenda neza mu gutera k'umutima.
• EEG : Ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko, gifasha mu gusuzuma indwara nk'ibicurane.
• Gupima inkari : Menya ibintu nk'indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari.
• Gupima isukari mu maraso : Reba niba nta gipimo cya hypoglycemia kirimo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura AMS?

Uburyo bwo kuvura AMS bushingira ku ndwara yateye ndetse n'ubwoko bwa AMS.

Kugira ngo dutange ingero nke:

• Iyo byatewe n'ubwandu, hatangwa imiti igabanya ubukana ikwiye.
• Iyo biterwa n'ingaruka mbi z'umuti, umuti uzahindurwa cyangwa uhagarikwe.
• Iyo isukari iri hasi mu maraso (hypoglycemia), bamutera urushinge rwa glucagon .
• Iyo habayeho ibura ry'amazi mu mubiri (kubura amazi mu mubiri), hatangwa umunyu (amazi yo mu mitsi).
• Iyo ufashe ibiyobyabwenge birenze urugero (urugero: opioids), uzahabwa umuti ugabanya ubukana bw'indwara (urugero: Naloxone).
• Iyo ari indwara yo gupfukama, baguha imiti yo kuyihagarika .
• Hari igihe ushobora guhabwa imiti igabanya ububabare cyangwa igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Iyo hari amaraso cyangwa umuvuduko ku bwonko, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko ubagwa kugira ngo ukurweho.
• Iyo nta mwuka uhagije mu maraso, hatangwa umwuka w'inyongera.

Ese indwara yo mu mutwe yahindutse (AMS) ishobora kwirindwa?

Zimwe mu mpamvu, nko kwiheba, biratugora kwirinda burundu. Ariko hari ibyo dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo kurwara AMS bitewe n'izindi mpamvu nyinshi.

• Niba ufite indwara zidakira nka diyabete, igicuri, cyangwa indwara ya tiroyide, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga witonze. Ni ngombwa cyane kugenzura izi ndwara.
• Fata umuti wanditswe na muganga wawe ku gihe kandi mu gipimo cyagenwe. Ntuzigere wongera cyangwa ugabanya igipimo cyangwa ngo ufate umuti wanditswe n'undi muntu.
• Ntugakoreshe ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga utabanje kugirwa inama na muganga. Ni byiza kubyirinda.

Kubana na (AMS) bimeze bite? Ese hari umuti?

Iyo impinduka mu bwenge zitewe no kubura ubwenge cyangwa indwara yo mu mutwe, ibimenyetso bikunze kurangira nyuma yo kuvurwa kandi umuntu agakira vuba. Ushobora gusubira mu buzima busanzwe nyuma y'igihe runaka. Ariko, ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe no kwisuzumisha buri gihe, kuko iyi ndwara ishobora kongera kugaruka. Urugero, niba AMS iterwa na hypoglycemia, ugomba kugenzura buri gihe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe no kuyigenzura.

Ariko, hamwe n’indwara nka dementia, nubwo kuvurwa bishobora kugenzura indwara zikomeye zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga (urugero: indwara zandura), imikorere y’ubwonko n’iy’ubwonko ikomeza kugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ariko, hari uburyo bwo gufasha abo barwayi kugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Wibuke ko Altered Mental Status (AMS) ari impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko. Bishobora kuba iby'igihe gito, ariko bishobora guhita bishyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa gushaka abaganga vuba.

Ingingo ngufi zo kwibuka

Impinduka mu miterere y'ubwonko (AMS) twavuzeho si ikintu cyoroshye. Ni impinduka mu mikorere isanzwe y'ubwonko bwacu.

• Iyi ndwara (AMS) ishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi, harimo indwara zitandukanye, ubumuga bw'umubiri, impanuka, n'imiti.
• Kureba kure, kwiheba mu mutwe, no kurwara indwara zo mu mutwe ni byo bintu bitatu by’ingenzi.
• Ibimenyetso byinshi bishobora kugaragara, nko kwitiranya ibintu, kwibagirwa ibintu, imyitwarire idasanzwe, no kuvuga nabi.
• Hari igihe ibi biba iby'igihe gito kandi bishobora gukira hakoreshejwe imiti. Ariko hari igihe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
• Rero, niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso byo guhinduka k'ubwenge, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga ako kanya. Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza cyo gukora. Kudatinya, ahubwo gukora vuba bishobora gukumira kwangirika gukomeye.

Imiterere yo mu mutwe yahindutse , AMS, Guhinduka k'ubwenge, Indwara zo mu bwonko, Kureba kure, Kudatekereza neza, Guhangayika mu mutwe, Ubujyanama mu by'ubuvuzi, Indwara zo mu mutwe, Guhindagurika mu mutwe