Ese hari ikibazo kiri mu muyoboro w'amaraso w'umutima wawe? Reka tuvuge kuri Aortapi!

Ese wigeze wibaza umutsi w'amaraso munini kandi w'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu ari wo? Ni aorta, cyangwa aorta . Ni nk'inzira nini mu mubiri wacu. Iva mu mutima ikagera mu nda. Ni yo itwara amaraso meza kandi akungahaye kuri ogisijeni anyuzwa n'umutima ajya mu mubiri wose. Rero, niba hari ikintu kitagenda neza kuri iyi aorta, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose. Iryo ni itsinda ry'indwara zigira ingaruka kuri aorta, twita Aorta .

Aortapi ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Mu magambo make, aortapi ni uruhurirane rw'indwara zica intege cyangwa zangiza inkuta z'umuyoboro w'amaraso (aorta). Tekereza noneho, umutima wawe upompa amaraso muri uyu muyoboro w'amaraso (aorta) buri gihe iyo ukubita. Rero, izi nkuta z'imitsi zigomba kuba zikomeye cyane kugira ngo zihangane n'uwo muvuduko. Ariko se, bigenda bite iyo izi nkuta zicitse intege? Zishobora gucika cyangwa zigacikamo ibice. Ibi ni akaga cyane. Ubwoko bwa aortapi ufite buzagira ingaruka ku muyoboro w'amaraso mu buryo butandukanye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa aortapi?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa aortapi. Reka tuvuge kuri bimwe mu by'ingenzi.

Aneurysm y'imiyoboro y'amaraso yo mu nda (AAA)

Iki ni cyo gihe urukuta rw'imitsi yawe, runyura mu nda yawe, rucika intege rukabyimba nk'umupira w'amaguru. Ibi kandi tubyita aneurysm . Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 65, abanywa itabi, cyangwa abafite ibindi bintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima. Iyi "(AAA)" ni mbi kuko ishobora guturika mu buryo butunguranye igatera kuva amaraso mu buryo bushobora kubangamira ubuzima.

Aneurysm y'imitsi yo mu gituza (TAA)

Iyi ni intege nke cyangwa kwaguka kw'igice cy'umuyoboro w'amaraso unyura mu gituza. Iyi ndwara `(TAA)` ntabwo ikunze kugaragara nka `(AAA)`. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara mu miryango, bivuze ko ishobora guhererekanywa mu bisekuru. Kimwe na `(AAA)`, ibyago bikomeye bya `(TAA)` ni uko ishobora gucika.

Indwara iteje akaga yitwa Aortic Dissection

Ibi biragoye gato. Ikibaho hano ni uko urwego rw'imbere rw'urukuta rwa aorta rucika. Ibi bibaho aho urukuta rwa aorta rudakomeye. Rimwe na rimwe, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, bishobora kubaho aho hari aneurysm. Ariko, bishobora no kubaho nta aneurysm. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibi. Ubwoko bwa A gucika ni ugucika mu gice cya aorta cyegereye umutima (ni ukuvuga mbere y'agace ka aorta). Ubwoko bwa B gucika ni ugucika nyuma ya aorta, mu gituza cyangwa mu nda. Iyi ""(Aorta Gucika)"" ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga isaba kumenyekana no kuvurwa vuba .

Reka twige ibyerekeye Familyal Aortaopathy?

Indwara yo mu bwonko bw’imiryango ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo (genetic) igaragara mu miryango.Indwara yo mu mitsi minini iterwa n’uko umuryango wabo warwaye indwara ya aorta. Aba bantu bafite ubwoko bw’uturemangingo butuma bashobora kurwara indwara ya aorta. Akenshi, iyi aorta y’uruhererekane igira ingaruka ku mitsi minini yo mu gituza, cyane cyane umuzi wa aorta cyangwa aorta izamuka.

Hari n'ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi muri ibi:

Syndromic Aortopathy ni iki?

Ibi kandi tubyita `(Syndromic hereditary thoracic aortic disease)`. Mu magambo make, ufite indwara ya genetiki ifata umuyoboro wawe w'amaraso (aorta) igatera izindi mpinduka mu mubiri wawe. Zimwe mu ndwara zitera indwara ya aorta ni izi:

• `Indwara ya Loeys-Dietz`
• `Indwara ya Marfan`
• "Indwara ya Turner"
• "Indwara ya Ehlers-Danlos yo mu mitsi"

Tumenye kandi indwara ya Aortapi idafite ibimenyetso

Ibi byitwa "indwara y'umuyoboro w'amaraso udakwirakwira mu gituza." Aha, ntabwo ufite indwara yihariye ya gene, ariko ufite ubwoko bwa gene butuma ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya arterial biyongera. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bahuje impinduka zirenga 50 mu ngirabuzimafatizo n'iyi aorta. Zimwe muri gene zahujwe cyane ni izi:

• `ACTA2` (Iki ni cyo kigaragara cyane)
• `FOXE3`
• `LOX`
• `MYH11`
• `MYLK`

Wibuke ko niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize ikibazo cyo gucika kw'imitsi cyangwa gucika kw'imitsi, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no gupima imiterere y'umubiri . Niba urwaye indwara y'imitsi, ushobora gukenera gupimwa imiterere y'umubiri kugira ngo urebe niba abandi bantu bo mu muryango wawe nabo bashobora kugeramirwa.

Bicuspid Aortapie ni iki?

Ibi kandi byitwa `(Bicuspid valve-associated aortic aortic)`. Ibi bivuze ko, hamwe na aortic stenosis, ufite n'indwara y'umutima wavukanye yitwa Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) . Iyi `(BAV)` ni indwara y'umutima yavukanye isanzwe, ifata hafi umwe mu bana 50.

Noneho, valve yawe y'imitsi ni imwe muri "amarembo" ane agenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso mu mutima wawe. Igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso ava muri ventralène y'ibumoso, icyumba kinini cyo kuvoma cy'umutima, ajya muri aorta. Valve nzima y'imitsi ifite udupapuro dutatu dufunguka kandi dufunga kugira ngo igenzure urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso. Ariko, valve ya bicuspid aortic ifite udupapuro tubiri gusa. Ibi bishobora kudateza ibibazo bikomeye igihe runaka, ariko bishobora guteza ingorane uko igihe kigenda.

Niba ufite indwara ya bicuspid aorta, valve yawe ya aorta ifite udupapuro tubiri, kandi aorta yawe ni nini kuruta uko bisanzwe (yagutse). Ku bantu bafite bicuspid aorta, kwaguka akenshi biba mu muzi wa aorta cyangwa aorta izamuka. Ibi ni ibice bya aorta yegereye umutima.

Ingorane zo kurwara indwara ya Bicuspid Aortapie

Aorta yagutse gato ishobora kuba atari ikibazo gikomeye. Ariko, iyo ibaye nini cyane, aneurysm ishobora kuvuka. Iyi aneurysm ishyira igitutu cyinshi ku nkuta za aorta, bishobora gutuma icika cyangwa igacika. Abantu bafite bicuspid aortopathy bafite amahirwe angana n'inshuro icyenda yo kugira aorta desection kurusha abantu badafite iyo ndwara.

Iyi aortapi ikunze kugaragara gute?

Bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Aneurysm y'imitsi (AAA) ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa aortapi, kandi ni na bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa aneurysm. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, abantu bagera ku 200.000 bapimwa AAA buri mwaka. Ku isi yose, abantu bagera ku 47.000 bapfa buri mwaka bazize ubwoko bwose bwa aortapi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Aortapi? Ntukirengagize!

Aortapi akenshi nta bimenyetso igira . Ni cyo kintu kibi cyane. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutuma urwara.

Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugaragara iyo aneurysm igiye guturika. Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mbere yuko iturika birimo:

• Kumva uhaze nubwo umaze kurya gato.
• Ububabare buhoraho mu mugongo, mu matako, mu kibuno, ku kaguru, cyangwa mu nda.
• Kumva umutima utera mu gice cy'igifu.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.

Guturika kwa aneurysm no gucika kw'imitsi y'amaraso ni ibintu bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga! Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikurikira , hamagara 1990 vuba kugira ngo ufate imbangukiragutabara, cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi cy'ibitaro biri hafi yawe:

• Gutangira kubabara mu gifu bikabije mu buryo butunguranye.
• Ububabare butunguranye, bukabije kandi bukabije mu gituza cyangwa mu mugongo wo hejuru. Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'aho birimo gukurwa imbere, nk'aho umuntu ateye icyuma, cyangwa nk'aho arimo guterwa icyuma.
• Uruhu rufata cyangwa ibyuya byinshi.
• Urujijo.
• Kuzungera cyangwa gucika intege.
• Igipimo cy'umutima kiriyongera.
• Isesemi no kuruka.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kugorwa no kuvuga.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba.
• Intege nke cyangwa ibinya ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera Aortapi?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera aortapi. Zimwe zibaho igihe umuntu avuka, izindi zikura mu myaka ya zabukuru.

• Genetike: Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, indwara z’uturemangingo n’uburyo butandukanye bw’uturemangingo bishobora gutera indwara ya aorta. Aortapi yo mu muryango ikunze kuragwa mu buryo buzwi nka autosomal dominant. Ibi bivuze ko iyo umubyeyi umwe afite iyo gene, umwana we afite amahirwe ya 50% yo kuyiragwa.
• Indwara z'umutima zivukanwa: Izi zifitanye isano na aortapi. Ibi ntibivuze ko aortapi iterwa n'indwara z'umutima zivukanwa, ariko byombi bikunze kugaragara hamwe. Ingero: `Bicuspid aorta valve`, `Coarctation of the aorta`, `Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD)`, `Tetralogy of Fallot`, `d-Transposition of the great arteries`, `Truncus arteriosus`. Aortapi ishobora kandi kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima zivukanwa. Ingero: `Arterial switch (ASO) operation`, `Atrial baffle (Mustard/Senning) operation`, `The staged Norwood, Glenn na Fontan surgeries`.
• Ateriosclerosis: Iyi ni ukwiyongera kw'ibinure (plaque) mu mitsi, bigahita bigabanuka. Ateriosclerosis yo mu mitsi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera aortaopathy mu myaka y'ubukure.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara aortapi?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibyago byo kurwara aortapi:

• Kunywa itabi no kunywa itabi: Iki ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera ibyago . Ibyinshi mu ndwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n'imitsi itera amaraso mu mubiri (aneurysms) biba ku bantu banywaga itabi cyangwa banywaga itabi mu bihe byashize.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension): Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma inkuta z'imitsi zigabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Gusaza: Ibyago byo kurwara aneurysm biriyongera nyuma y'imyaka 65.
• Amateka y'umuryango: Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe yararwaye aneurysm cyangwa se agasenyuka, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye.
• Kolesteroli nyinshi cyangwa triglycerides nyinshi: Ubwiyongere bw'ibinure (lipide) mu maraso byongera ibyago byo kwishyira ibinure mu mitsi.
• Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri nka 'Giant cell arteritis' na 'Takayasu arteritis' zishobora gutera ububyimbirwe mu nkuta z’imitsi minini, bigatuma icika intege.
• Kwandura: Ni gake cyane, indwara nka syphilis, cyangwa indwara za bagiteri zo mu rukuta rw'imitsi minini, zishobora kuyica intege.

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara ya aorta?

Udukoko two mu bwonko (aneurysms) n'udukoko two mu bwonko akenshi nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso by'uburiganya bigira, bityo bishobora kutagaragara kugeza igihe habayeho ingorane zikomeye. Ariko, niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago, muganga wawe azasuzuma umuyoboro wawe w'amaraso kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso by'indwara.

Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma aortapi ni ubu:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibintu byose bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe. Azasuzuma kandi ibintu bishobora gutuma urwara umutima. Ibi bizaba birimo kubaza amateka yawe y'ubuzima, ibintu by'ubuzima bwawe (nk'itabi), n'amateka y'umuryango wawe.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo: Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo. Ibi bizakwereka niba ufite impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo zijyanye n'indwara y'imitsi y'umutima.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibi bizamini kugira ngo arebe ingano n'ubuzima bw'umuyoboro w'amaraso (aorta). Ibi bizamini bipima umurambararo w'umuyoboro w'amaraso (aorta) wawe kandi bikareba niba ari munini kuruta uko bisanzwe.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara ya Aorta?

• "Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya 'CT'"
• "Ishusho ya "magnetic resonance imaging" (MRI)"
• Isuzuma ry'umutima rya Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) (isuzuma ry'umutima)
• Echocardiogram ya Transesophageal (TEE) (isuzuma ry'umutima rikorerwa mu mwobo)
• Ultrasound yo mu nda (ultrasound scan y'inda)

Buri kizamini gifite ibyiza n'ibibi byacyo. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ikizamini ukeneye n'impamvu yacyo. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gukoresha kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bizamini kugira ngo akurikirane umuyoboro w'amaraso mu gihe runaka. Ushobora gukenera gufatirwa aya mashusho buri gihe (urugero, rimwe mu mwaka). Inshuro ukeneye gukora ibi bizamini biterwa n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago ndetse n'ubuzima bw'umuyoboro w'amaraso mu gihe kiri imbere.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya Aorta?

Ubuvuzi buterwa n'uburwayi bwawe bwite n'ingaruka zishobora gutera. Muganga wawe azaguhuza n'uburwayi bwawe n'ibyo ukeneye. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo guhindura imibereho yawe, imiti, uburyo bwo kuvura, no kubagwa.

Reka dutangire n'impinduka mu mibereho!

Guhindura imibereho bishobora gufasha kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'indwara zimwe na zimwe za aortic no kugabanya ibyago byo guturika kwa aneurysm. Niba ufite indwara ya aortic, ni ngombwa gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Irinde inzoga.
• Irinde kunywa itabi n'ibikomoka ku itabi byose.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe (nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse).
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima kuri wewe.
• Genzura ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na cholesterol nyinshi.

Iyo bibaye ngombwa, hari n'imiti nk'iyi.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igufasha kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso ku nkuta z'imitsi yawe. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo gucika cyangwa gucika kw'imitsi minini. Ubwoko bw'imiti ushobora gufata burimo:

• "Imyifatire ya enzyme ihindura angiotensin (ACE) ibuza"
• "Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)"
• `Beta-blockers`
• `Ibiziba by'imiyoboro ya Calcium`
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (Diuretics) (imiti ituma unyara cyane)

Kubaga n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura

Hari abantu bakeneye kuvurwa kwa muganga cyangwa kubagwa kubera indwara ya aortapi. Muri ibi harimo:

• Kubaga Aneurysm (kubaga bisanzwe bifunguye)
• Kubaga imizi y'umuyoboro w'amaraso (aortic root)
• Gusana aneurysm y'imitsi yo mu nda (EVAR) - Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura busaba gushyiramo umuyoboro unyuze mu kantu gato.
• Gusana aneurysm yo mu gituza (TEVAR) - Ubu buryo ni uburyo busa n'ubwo ku mitsi yo mu gituza.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya aortapi?

Ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya aortapide ukurikije ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima. Dore inama zimwe na zimwe:

• Irinde ibiyobyabwenge: Itabi, ibiyobyabwenge n'inzoga ntabwo ari byiza ku mutima wawe. Mu by'ukuri, bishobora kwangiza umutima wawe n'imitsi y'amaraso. Reka kunywa itabi n'ibiyobyabwenge burundu. Ku bijyanye n'inzoga, menya neza icyo "ikinyobwa" ari cyo kandi ugabanye ingano yabyo. Abaganga basaba abagore kutanywa "ibinyobwa" birenze kimwe ku munsi naho abagabo ntibanywe "ibinyobwa" birenze bibiri ku munsi.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima: Ibi birimo kurya ibiryo birimo ibinure bike byuzuye, ibinure bya trans, sodiyumu (umunyu), n'isukari. Gabanya karubohidrati nziza (nk'umugati wera) kandi urye ibinyampeke byinshi (nk'umugati w'ingano yose, umuceri w'umukara). Nanone, menya uburyo imirire igira ingaruka ku rugero rwa cholesterol yawe.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Nta gahunda imwe ijyanye na buri wese. Kora ibyo ukunda. Nanone, kurikiza inama za muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imyitozo ngororamubiri ikubereye. Abaganga muri rusange bagusaba gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri iciriritse mu minota 150 buri cyumweru. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kugenda n'amaguru, kugendera ku igare, cyangwa koga.
• Gucunga imihangayiko: Ntabwo byoroshye nkuko bisa. Ariko ni ngombwa kugerageza kwiga uburyo bushya bwo kugufasha guhangana n'imihangayiko mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Nanone, ganira n'umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe ku buryo bubanogeye.

Ni iki kizere cy’umuntu ufite indwara ya Aortapie? (Outlook)

Umuntu mwiza wo kubaza ahazaza hawe ni umuganga wawe. Azasuzuma ibintu byinshi, urugero:

• Indwara yawe yihariye.
• Igipimo cy'uko indwara yawe ikomeza kwiyongera.
• Imyaka yawe n'igitsina cyawe.
• Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima.
• Amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
• Amateka yawe yose y'ubuvuzi.

Vugana na muganga wawe ku byo utegereje mu gihe kiri imbere.

Niba mfite indwara ya Aortapi, nkwiye kwiyitaho nte?

Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza yo kwita ku buzima bwawe. Kurikiza ayo mabwiriza neza, kandi ubaze muganga wawe niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose. Uzakenera gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Irinde gukora siporo igoye cyangwa gukora siporo igoye.
• Kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika burundu kunywa inzoga.
• Hindura indyo yawe.
• Reka kunywa itabi cyangwa gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi.
• Fata imiti yawe uko byategetswe.

Gutwita no kuvura imitsi

Gutwita bishobora guteza akaga niba urwaye indwara y'imitsi ifata umutima. Vugana na muganga wawe mbere yo guteganya gutwita kugira ngo umenye neza ko ari nta kibazo kiri kuri wewe. Ushobora gukenera kwitabwaho byihariye mu gihe utwite (nk'ibizamini bikunze gupimwa) kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara. Irinde imiti iteje akaga mu gihe utwite. Muganga wawe ashobora gukenera guhindura imiti yawe.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga?

Reba muganga wawe kugira ngo agusuzumishe buri mwaka, kandi ujye mu nama zose zo gukurikirana. Muganga wawe azakubwira inshuro ugomba kuza kwisuzumisha.

Niba warasanzwe urwaye indwara y'umutima ukiri umwana, birashoboka ko wari ufite inzobere mu by'umutima n'abana wakwitagaho. Ariko, nyuma y'imyaka 18, ushobora kuba utarabonye inzobere nshya. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu benshi batenguha iyo bavuye mu buvuzi bw'abana bakajya mu buvuzi bw'abantu bakuru. Niba waravuwe indwara y'umutima ukiri umwana muto, ni ngombwa gukomeza gukorana n'inzobere mu by'umutima ukiri mukuru. Ibi ni ukuri nubwo nta kibazo wumva. Inzobere mu by'umutima izakugira inama ku byago byawe byo kurwara indwara ya aortapide n'izindi ndwara uko ugenda ukura.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Aortipathi ni indwara ikomeye ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga iyo itamenyekanye kandi ikavurwa. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize aneurysm cyangwa gucika kw'aortipathi, ganira na muganga wawe ku byago byawe. Hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi bitewe n'indwara za genetiki, indwara z'umutima bavukanye, cyangwa ibintu bigize imibereho nk'itabi. Kubaho ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara aortipathi no gukomeza umubiri wawe wose.Wite ku mutima wawe, kuko ari wo mutima w'ubuzima bwawe!

` Aortapathie, Aorta, Indwara z'Umutima, Aneurysm, Gucibwamo kw'Aorta, Indwara z'Udukoko, Ububabare bwo mu gituza, Umuvuduko ukabije w'Amaraso, Kunywa Inzoga, Ubuzima bw'Umutima