Wibuka igihe wajyaga kwa muganga ugashyirwa kuri stethoscope ikonje ku gituza no mu mugongo ukagutega amatwi witonze? Twese twagize ibi. Ese ntiwigeze wibaza uti "Mu by'ukuri muganga yumva iki muri ibi?" Igisubizo cy'icyo kibazo ni ikizamini cy'ubuvuzi tuvuga uyu munsi cyitwa 'Auscultation.' Ntugahangayike, biroroshye cyane, nta bubabare, ariko ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kikubwira byinshi ku buzima bwawe.
Mu magambo make, auscultation ni iki?
Gutera amajwi (byitwa: "o-skul-ta-tion") ni uburyo bworoshye cyane. Bukubiyemo gukoresha stethoscope kugira ngo wumve amajwi aturuka mu ngingo zawe z'imbere, nko mu mutima wawe, mu bihaha, mu miyoboro y'amaraso, no mu mara . Muganga azashyira stethoscope ku gituza cyawe, mu ijosi, mu mugongo no mu nda maze arebe ibintu nk'imiterere, umuvuduko, ingano, n'umuvuduko w'aya majwi.
Iki ni ikizamini kitagize ingaruka mbi na gato, gifite umutekano. Ni kimwe mu bipimo bya kera kandi by'ibanze bikikoreshwa n'abaganga muri iki gihe.
Ikizamini cyo gupima imiterere y'umubiri (auscultation) gikorwa ryari?
Iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha umubiri ku buryo busanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora kuzakora iki kizamini. Kiguha igitekerezo cy’uburyo inzira z’amaraso , iz’ubuhumekero , n’iz’igifu bikora.
Ibi bivuze ko iki kizamini cyoroshye gifasha cyane mu gusobanukirwa uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze muri rusange, ndetse no kwemeza cyangwa gukuraho ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose gikekwaho cy’uburwayi.
Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gushushanya (auscultation)?
Iki kizamini gishobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi, bitewe n'urugingo umuganga arimo kumva. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Urugingo rusuzuma | Uburyo bwo kubikora n'icyo ugomba kugenzura |
|---|---|
| Umutima | Uzaba wicaye cyangwa wicaye ku nguni ya dogere 45, kandi stethoscope izashyirwa ku ngingo zitandukanye ku gituza cyawe. Aha, muganga azatega amatwi by'umwihariko ahantu 5 aho imiyoboro y'umutima yumvikana neza. Bazareba igihe umutima wawe utera., uburyo ijwi risobanutse neza (Uburemere) , ubwinshi n'uburemere bw'ijwi (Inshuro/Ijwi rirenga) , n'igihe ijwi rimwe rimara (Igihe rimara). |
| Ibihaha | Uzasabwa kwicara ugororotse hanyuma uhumeke umwuka mwinshi mu kanwa. Hanyuma, stethoscope izashyirwa ku bice bitandukanye by'igituza cyawe no mu mugongo kugira ngo igereranye amajwi ava mu bihaha byawe ku mpande zombi. Ibi bizareba igihe cyo guhumeka no guhumeka kwawe, ubwiza bw'amajwi, n'amajwi adasanzwe nko gucuranga. |
| Imitsi y'amaraso (Imitsi) | Imitsi y'amaraso ikomeye mu ijosi, mu gifu no mu mpyiko nayo ishobora kumvikana. Aha, hagenzurwa ijwi ridasanzwe ryitwa bruit (ijwi ridasanzwe 'rivuga cyane' rivuzwa iyo amaraso atembera mu mitsi) hamwe n'umuvuduko muke w'amaraso (ubukana) by'umutima. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya imbogamizi iyo ari yo yose mu gutembera kw'amaraso. |
| Inda | Uzategekwa kuryama hasi, hanyuma stethoscope izashyirwa ahantu hatandukanye mu nda yawe kugira ngo wumve amajwi ava mu mara yawe. Ibi bizareba niba wumva amajwi ava mu mara yawe cyangwa utayumva , inshuro uyayumva (Ubunini) , n'ubwiza bw'amajwi. |
Aya majwi asobanura iki?
Noneho reka turebe icyo aya majwi asanzwe n'adasanzwe avuga ku buzima bwawe.
Amajwi y'Umutima
Ubusanzwe, umutima muzima utanga amajwi abiri y’injyana yitwa "lub-dub". Ayo majwi kandi yitwa S1 na S2. Ayo majwi atangwa iyo imiyoboro y’umutima ifunze.
Ariko hari igihe ushobora kumva amajwi atandukanye kandi adasanzwe. Ariko ibuka ko amajwi yose adasanzwe atari ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye.
| Urusaku rudasanzwe | Icyo bishobora gusobanura |
|---|---|
| Imiborogo y'umutima | Iri ni ijwi ryo "guhinda umushyitsi", rimeze nk'umuyaga. Rishobora guterwa n'ihungabana ry'amaraso anyura mu miyoboro y'umutima. Nubwo hari amagambo yo gutontoma ntacyo atwaye, andi ashobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye y'umutima. |
| Igisebe cyo gukurura umutima (pericardial friction rub) | Ururusa rusa n'urusaku rusa n'urusaku, nk'aho ibice bibiri by'uruhu birimo gushwanyagurika. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kubyimba k'agafuka gakikije umutima (pericarditis). |
| Umutima utari usanzwe | Indwara nko kutagira umutima ugororotse (atrial fibrillation), kwihuta cyane (tachycardia - ibitero birenga 100 ku munota), cyangwa kugenda buhoro cyane (bradycardia - ibitero biri munsi ya 60 ku munota). |
Amajwi y'ibihaha
Ibihaha bizima bitanga ijwi ryoroshye kandi ridafite aho rihuriye iyo uhumeka. Ariko, hari igihe ushobora kumva irindi jwi.
| Urusaku rudasanzwe | Icyo bishobora gusobanura |
|---|---|
| Humura | Bisa n'ijwi rito cyane. Iri jwi riba iyo inzira z'ubuhumekero zigabanye bitewe n'ikintu kimeze nk'urumogi. Rikunze kumvikana mu ndwara nka asima cyangwa COPD. |
| Rhonchi | Ijwi rituje kandi rituje. Rishobora guterwa n'ibicurane cyangwa ibindi bintu bifashe mu nzira z'ubuhumekero. Rishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara nk'umusonga. |
| Udusimba | Ijwi rya "chit chit", nk'imigozi ibiri y'umusatsi ikorakora hamwe. Iri jwi riterwa n'amazi yirundanya mu bihaha (indwara y'umusonga, indwara y'umutima). |
| Stridor | Ijwi rirenga rituruka mu guhumeka. Riterwa no kuziba kw'imihogo cyangwa inzira zo mu kirere zo hejuru. Ibi bishobora kuba ikibazo cyihutirwa . |
Amajwi yo mu nda
Ubusanzwe, amara yacu akora ijwi ryoroshye, "ritumba" buri masegonda 5-10. Ibi bivuze ko inzira y'igogora ikora neza.
- Nta ijwi: Iyo nta jwi ryumvikana mu gihe kirenze iminota ibiri, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yitwa ileus.
- Ijwi rigabanuka: Niba inshuro nyinshi amajwi ari make cyangwa ijwi rikaba ryoroshye cyane, bishobora guterwa n'indwara nko kutagira impatwe.
- Urusaku rwinshi: Iyo wumvise urusaku rwinshi kurusha uko bisanzwe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara nk'impiswi.
- Amajwi yo gutontoma cyangwa ijwi rirenga: Niba wumvise ijwi ridasanzwe cyangwa ijwi rirenga riva mu mara yawe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko amara azibye.
Ese hari ahantu abaganga bumva by'umwihariko?
Yego, birumvikana ko ihari.
Hari agace kadasanzwe ku mugongo wawe wo hejuru, hagati y'amaboko y'urutugu rwawe, kitwa "impandeshatu y'amajwi." Urugingo rw'imitsi muri aka gace ni ruto, bityo amajwi ava mu bihaha ashobora kumvikana neza cyane.
Nanone, mu gihe umuntu yumva umutima, hari ahantu 5 hihariye mu gituza aho amajwi y'imitsi y'umutima yumvikana cyane. Muganga azashyira stethoscope muri aho hantu maze ahisuzume.
Utabizi, umubiri wawe uhora ukora amajwi atandukanye. Ni nk'itsinda ry'umuziki. Gutera amajwi ni umwanya kwa muganga wo kubaza niba hari igikoresho kiri muri iri tsinda kirimo gucuranga mu buryo butari bwo.
Rero ubutaha, ubwo muganga wawe azashyiraho stethoscope ye akakumva, ntugatinye. Ishobora gutangaza amakuru menshi y'agaciro ku buzima bwawe. Niba wumvise ikintu kidasanzwe, ntugatinye kubaza muganga wawe ibyacyo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gupima mu mutima ni uburyo bwo kumva amajwi aturuka mu mutima wawe, mu bihaha no mu mara ukoresheje stethoscope. Iki ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyane, cyizewe kandi kidatera ububabare.
- Iki ni ikizamini cy'ibanze gikorwa mu gihe cyo gupimwa kwa muganga buri gihe.
- Nubwo ayo majwi adasanzwe ashobora gutanga ibimenyetso ku ndwara zitandukanye, si ko buri jwi ridasanzwe riba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye.
- Iki ni kimwe mu bikoresho muganga akoresha. Niba hari gushidikanya, azakora ibindi bipimo kugira ngo amenye neza indwara.
- Ntukigere utinya kubaza ibibazo ku byo muganga wawe yumvise n'icyo bivuze. Ni uburenganzira bwawe kumenyeshwa ubuzima bwawe.
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