Ese umubiri wawe wangiza uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura? Dore ibyo ukeneye kumenya kuri AIHA (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia)!

Hari igihe wumva unaniwe kandi unaniwe nta mpamvu? Wenda uruhu rwawe rwahindutse ibara ry'umuhondo cyangwa umuhondo. Hari igihe udashobora kumenya impamvu ibi bibaho, sibyo? Impamvu imwe y'ibi bimenyetso ishobora kuba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, abasirikare bakwirinda indwara, bakibasira uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura. Ibyo ni byo twita 'Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia' (AIHA) mu buvuzi. Muri make, uturemangingo tw'umubiri wawe twita uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura nk'"umwanzi" maze tukadusenya. Nubwo ibi ari bibi gato, bishobora kwitabwaho neza iyo habayeho kuvurwa neza . Ariko, iyo bitavuwe, bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya no gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba bishoboka. Reka tubiganireho birambuye.

`Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia` (AIHA) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, `Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia` (AIHA) ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bugaragaza mu buryo butari bwo uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura nk'"abanyamahanga," bivuze ikintu cyangiza umubiri. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubiri wawe ukora uturemangingo twangiza uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura. Utwo turemezo twifatanya n'uturemangingo dutukura hanyuma tukadusenya. Hanyuma bigenda bite? Umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu mubiri wawe uragabanuka. Ni cyo twita "anemia."

Tekereza, ibiri kuba hano ni nk'ingabo zirinda igihugu cyacu, zigatera abaturage bacu mu buryo butari bwo. Mu by'ukuri ibi biragoye gato, ariko ntabwo bigoye kubyumva.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya AIHA y'ibanze n'iya kabiri?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa AIHA bitewe n'uko ibaho.

• AIHA y'ibanze: Hari igihe AIHA ishobora kugaragara nta kibazo cy’uburwayi kigaragara. Ibi bivuze ko abaganga badashobora kumenya impamvu yagaragaye mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi byitwa AIHA y'ibanze.
• AIHA ya kabiri: Ubundi bwoko bwa AIHA ni igihe AIHA iterwa n'indi ndwara. Urugero, ishobora guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi, indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri (aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira ingingo zawo), imiti imwe n'imwe, cyangwa kanseri y'amaraso nk'iya lymphoma.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa AIHA?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa AIHA. Ni ``Indwara yo mu maraso ishyushye`` na ``Indwara yo mu maraso ishyushye`` . Ibi bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'udukoko twibasira indwara. Ni ukuvuga ko izina rikomoka ku bushyuhe udukoko twibasira uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tubaho.

Anemia yo mu maraso ishyushye

Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa AIHA bukunze kugaragara cyane. Aha, uturemangingo tw’umubiri two mu bwoko bwa `IgG` twifatanya n’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Ikintu cyihariye ni uko utwo turemangingo tuba dukora ku bushyuhe busanzwe bw’umubiri wacu (ni ukuvuga mu "bushyuhe"). Ibimenyetso bikunze gutangira kugaragara buhoro buhoro, mu byumweru bike. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, ibimenyetso bishobora gukomera ndetse no mu minsi mike.

Kubura amaraso mu maraso y’umubiri bitewe n’ibicurane

Ubu bwoko bugaragara gusa muri 10% kugeza kuri 20% by'abarwayi ba AIHA. Bukubiyemo ubwoko bwa autoantibody yitwa `IgM`. Izi autoantibody zigirana n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso iyo amaraso yawe ari ku bushyuhe buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe, aribwo bwitwa ``ubukonje''. Ubu bushyuhe bwa ``ubukonje'' bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Ibi bivuze ko kuri bamwe, izi antibody zishobora gukora iyo zikonje gato, mu gihe ku bandi, zishobora kuba zikonje cyane.

Ni nde urebwa cyane n'iki kibazo cya AIHA?

AIHA ishobora kugaragara ku muntu uwo ari we wese, hatitawe ku myaka cyangwa igitsina. Ariko, iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara ku bagore barengeje imyaka 40 .

Nubwo ikunze kugaragara, AIHA ni indwara idakunze kugaragara . Ifata abantu bagera ku muntu umwe cyangwa babiri mu bihumbi ijana buri mwaka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya AIHA?

AIHA ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Bimwe birakunze kugaragara, mu gihe ibindi bitandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa AIHA ufite.

Dore ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara:

• Umuriro
• Umunaniro ukabije (kunanirwa cyane ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe ukora neza)
• Intege nke
• Umutima utera cyane
• Kugorwa no guhumeka (nubwo haba hari imbaraga nke)
• Uruhu rwerurutse (nk'iyo ufite umuvuduko muke w'amaraso)
• Jaundice (umuhondo w'uruhu n'amaso)
• Kuribwa umutwe (umutwe)
• Kubabara imitsi
• Inkari zijimye (nk'amazi y'icyayi)
• Kuruka no kugira isesemi
• Guhumeka nabi
• Impiswi
• Gukomereka k'ururimi
• Gutera cyane (kumva umutima wawe utera cyane ku buryo ushobora kubyumva)

Wibuke ko kugira kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso bitavuga ko ufite AIHA. Ariko niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga.

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana, cyane cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa AIHA:

AIHA ishyushye ikunze kugaragara muri:

• Umunaniro
• Kuzungera
• Jaundice (umuhondo w'uruhu)
• Kumva umutima utera

AIHA y'ibicurane ishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Umunaniro
• Kuzungera
• Amaboko n'ibirenge bikonje (kumva bikonje kurusha abandi)
• Jaundice
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Kubabara inyuma y'amaguru
• Indwara ya Raynaud (indwara aho intoki n'amano bihinduka umweru/ubururu kandi bigacika intege iyo bihuye n'ubukonje)
• Ibara ry'ubururu ry'amaboko n'ibirenge
• Ugutera kw'umutima kutumvikana neza (Arrhythmia)`
• Kumva umutima urimo kurira
• Umutima unanirwa (ibi biba mu bihe bikomeye)

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera AIHA?

Mu barwayi bagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwayi bose bafite AIHA (hafi 50%), impamvu nyayo ntishobora kuboneka . Ibi twita "idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia." Ibyo bivuze ko "nta mpamvu izwi."

Mu kindi gice, AIHA ifitanye isano n'izindi ndwara.

Izindi ndwara zishobora gutera AIHA zirimo:

Hari indwara nyinshi ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri zishobora gutera AIHA ya kabiri. Ni ukuvuga izindi ndwara aho ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwibasira uturemangingo tw’umubiri tuzima.

• Lupus : Iyi ni indwara ishobora kwibasira ingingo zitandukanye, nk'uruhu, ingingo, impyiko n'ubwonko.
• Rumatizime : Indwara ifata ingingo cyane cyane, igatera ububabare no kubyimba.
• Indwara ya Sjogren : Amaso n'umunwa byumye ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi.
• Indwara ya tiroyide : Kutagera ku misemburo ya tiroyide.
• Udukoko two mu mara : Kubyimba no kuzana ibisebe mu mara.
• Indwara ya Hashimoto : Indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide.

Hari igihe AIHA ishobora no guterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi . Ariko, iyi ndwara yo kubura amaraso ikunze kumera neza iyo ubwandu bwa virusi bumaze gukemuka. Zimwe muri virusi zishobora kuba zifitanye isano na AIHA zirimo:

• Virusi ya Epstein-Barr (virusi itera mononucleosis)
• Indwara y'iseru
• Indwara zo mu bwoko bwa mumps
• Rubela
• Umusonga udasanzwe
• Virusi ya Varicella, itera indwara y'inkoko
• `Umugera wa SIDA`
• Hepatite (virusi zifata umwijima by'umwihariko)
• Virusi ya Cytomegalovirus `(Virusi ya Cytomegalovirus)`

Hari imiti ishobora gutera AIHA. Niba hari umuti urimo gufata bikekwa ko ari wo utera iyo ndwara, muganga wawe ashobora guhagarika uwo muti.

• Antibiyotike (cyane cyane penisiline)
• Imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe itari iya steroide (NSAIDs) (urugero: ibuprofen)
• Imiti irwanya kanseri

Ni gute AIHA ipimwa?

Muganga wawe niba akeka ko ufite ibimenyetso bya anemia, abanza gutumiza konti yuzuye y'amaraso (CBC) . Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'anemia. By'umwihariko, iki kizamini gipima:

• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso turi mu maraso yawe.
• Ingano y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe (tunini, duto, dusanzwe).
• Igipimo cya hemoglobine - Iyi ni poroteyine iri mu maraso yawe itwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe wose.
• Agaciro ka hematocrit (umwanya uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura dufata mu maraso yawe).

Ibindi bizamini bishobora gufasha gusuzuma AIHA

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko afite amaraso make, azakugira inama yo gupimwa ibindi bipimo bike. Ibi bipimo bishobora gufasha kumenya niba amaraso make aterwa na AIHA cyangwa indi mpamvu.

• Gupima amaraso mu maraso: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe ukagisuzuma ukoresheje mikorosikopi. Ibi bishobora kureba ibintu nko kumenya niba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twangiritse cyangwa se ko twahinduye imiterere.
• Umubare wa reticulocyte: Iki kizamini gipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso duto (dushya) mu mubiri wawe. Wibuke ko iyo uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twangiritse, umwotsi w'amagufwa utangira gukora uturemangingo dutukura twinshi two gusimbuza utwo. Ibi byongera umubare wa reticulocyte.
• Ikizamini cya Bilirubin: Iyo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso twangiritse, havuka ikintu cyitwa bilirubin. Iyo ibi byiyongera, habaho umuhondo w’uruhu. Rero, iyo urugero rwa bilirubin mu maraso ruri hejuru, ni ikimenyetso cy’uko uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso turimo gusenyuka.
• Ikizamini cya Coombs: Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma AIHA. Kigenzura niba umubiri wawe urimo gukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Ikizamini cya Haptoglobin: Haptoglobin ni poroteyine ikura imyanda mu turemangingo dutukura twangiritse. Iyo uturemangingo twinshi dutukura twangiritse, umubiri ukoresha iyi haptoglobin nyinshi. Ibi bituma urugero rwa haptoglobin mu maraso rugabanuka.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH ni enzyme iboneka mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Iyo uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twangiritse, iyi enzyme ya LDH irekurwa mu maraso. Ibi bituma urugero rwa LDH rwiyongera.
• Igipimo cya agglutinine ikoze mu bicurane: Niba muganga wawe akeka ko AIHA ikoze mu bicurane, ashobora gutegeka iki kizamini. Ibi bipima urwego rw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri twibasira uturemangingo dutukura mu bushyuhe bukonje.

Indwara ya AIHA ivurwa ite?

Mu kuvura AIHA, intambwe ya mbere akenshi ni ukumenya niba hari impamvu y’ishingiro ishobora kuvurwa. Urugero, niba AIHA yawe ifitanye isano na lupus, muganga wawe ashobora kubanza kuvura lupus. Niba impamvu ya AIHA ari indwara nka lymphoma, ni ngombwa kuvura iyo ndwara. Niba hari umuti utera AIHA yawe, ushobora gukenera guhagarika gufata uwo muti.

Ariko, kuri bamwe, AIHA ni yoroshye cyane.. Ibyo bivuze ko ibimenyetso bitaba bikomeye cyane. Muri icyo gihe, nta muti ushobora kuba ukenewe.

Imiti

• Corticosteroids: Iyi ni yo miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura AIHA. Iyi miti ikora mu kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, hanyuma ikagabanya ingaruka mbi bigira ku turemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura.
• Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Niba imiti ya corticosteroids yonyine idahagije mu kurwanya indwara, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira ubwoko bw'imiti. Iyi miti ikora mu guhagarika ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kwibasira umwongo w'amagufwa.

Kubaga indwara yo gukuraho imikaya (Splenectomy)

Niba AIHA idashobora kugenzurwa n'imiti yonyine, ushobora kubagwa agace kawe. Agace kawe ni urugingo ruri mu mubiri wacu rusukura uturemangingo dutukura tudasanzwe, nk'uturemangingo dutukura dufite uturemangingo dufatana natwo. Agace kawe karimo kandi uturemangingo dukora uturemangingo dufatana. Bityo gukuraho agace kawe bishobora kugabanya kwangirika kw'uturemangingo dutukura no kugabanya ibyago byo kubura amaraso.

Gutera amaraso

Mu bihe bikomeye bya AIHA, abarwayi bashobora gukenera guterwa amaraso, ari byo guterwa amaraso aturutse hanze. Ibi bishobora kongera vuba umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso no gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso.

Ese uburyo bwo kuvura AIHA 'ishyushye' n' 'ikonje' butandukanye?

Yego, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara y’ubukonje ya AIHA busanzwe butandukanye n’uburyo bwo kuvura indwara y’ubukonje ya AIHA.

Imiti ya Corticosteroids cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ikunze gukoreshwa kuri 'AIHA ishyushye'. Iyo ibyo bitagenze neza, kubagwa kugira ngo urwagashya rukureho bishobora kuba ngombwa. Mu gihe habayeho amaraso menshi, guterwa amaraso nabyo bifatwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha mu gihe indwara iri kuvurwa.

Ariko, 'cold AIHA' ntikira neza imiti ya corticosteroids cyangwa splenectomy. Iyo 'cold AIHA' ari nto, iyi ndwara ishobora kugenzurwa no kugumisha umubiri ushyushye (urugero: gukoresha ibikoresho bishyushya intoki/ibirenge, kwambara uturindantoki, amasogisi, ndetse no kujya ahantu hashyushye). Iyo bibaye ngombwa kuvurwa, umuti wa 'Rituximab' (rimwe na rimwe ukoresheje indi miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri) ni wo muti wa mbere ukoreshwa.

Ese ibyago byo kurwara AIHA bishobora kugabanuka?

Anemia yo mu maraso idakira ishobora kwirindwa buri gihe. Hari igihe ibaho nta mpamvu igaragara. Ariko, niba ufite ubwandu bwa virusi cyangwa ufata imiti izwiho kuba ifitanye isano na AIHA, muganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana indwara yawe no kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara.

Ese AIHA ni indwara ikomeye?

Anemia yo mu maraso iterwa na autoimmune hemolytic rimwe na rimwe iba yoroshye cyane ku buryo ushobora kudakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane ku buryo ushobora kubagwa cyangwa guterwa amaraso. Iyo ufashwe na AIHA, muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira uburemere bw'indwara yawe n'uburyo bwo kuyivura.

Ikirenze byose, AIHA ishobora kwica iyo itavuwe, niyo mpamvu gutabara byihuse ari ingenzi cyane.

Ese AIHA ishobora gukira?

Yego. Abantu benshi barwaye AIHA ntibakeneye ubuvuzi bwinshi cyangwa ntibabukeneye na gato. Hagati ya 20% na 30% by'abarwayi bakeneye imiti, kubagwa, cyangwa guterwa amaraso.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba utangiye kugira ibimenyetso bya anemia - nko kunanirwa cyane, gucika intege, umuhondo w'uruhu (uruhu ruhinduka umuhondo), cyangwa guhumeka nabi - jya kwa muganga ako kanya . Iyo ubonye isuzuma n'ubuvuzi hakiri kare, ushobora gukira vuba no gusubira mu buzima bwawe busanzwe.

Muri make (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Amikoroheya yo mu maraso (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA) ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwibasira uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, bigatera kubura amaraso.

• Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba byoroheje cyangwa bikomeye. Umunaniro, ububobere, umuhondo, no kugorwa no guhumeka ni byo by'ingenzi.
• Impamvu ziratandukanye. Hari igihe nta mpamvu iboneka (iy'ibanze), hari igihe ishobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara, indwara zandurira mu biyobyabwenge, cyangwa imiti (iy'inyongera).
• Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura . Ubu buryo burimo imiti, gukuraho urwagashya, no guterwa amaraso. Uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw' 'ubushyuhe' n' 'ubukonje'.
• Nubwo AIHA ari indwara isanzwe ishobora gukemuka , ishobora kuba ikomeye, ndetse ikangiza ubuzima , iyo itavuwe.

Bityo rero, niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ntugatinye kandi ntugatinde, ahubwo shaka inama kwa muganga. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini bikenewe, agasuzuma neza indwara yawe, akanaguha uburyo bwo kuyivura bukwiye. Hanyuma uzabasha gukira vuba kandi ugakomeza imirimo yawe ya buri munsi!

` indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri, AIHA, kubura amaraso, uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw’umubiri, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, umuhondo, umunaniro