Ese nawe wirinda abantu? Ese utinya sosiyete? Ibyo byitwa (Avoidant Personality Disorder)?

Ese hari igihe ujya utekereza uti "Oh, nta muntu uzankunda," "Niba mvuze ikintu, abantu bazaseka," cyangwa "nzanengwa"? Ese ukunze kwirinda ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, ibirori, cyangwa inama n'inshuti kubera ibi bitekerezo? Nubwo wifuza kuba uri kumwe n'abantu koko, wumva ufite irungu kubera ubwo bwoba? Niba ari uko bimeze, ibyo ngiye kuvuga bishobora kuba ingenzi kuri wewe.

Indwara yo kwirinda indwara y’imibanire ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kwirinda umuntu (AVPD) ni indwara yo mu mutwe aho uhora wumva ko nta gaciro mfite, nko kuvuga ngo "Ntacyo nyifiteho," "Ntacyo nakora," kandi ukagira ubwoba bukomeye bw'uko abandi bazagunenga cyangwa bakakwanga. Tekereza ko wifuza cyane kumarana igihe n'inshuti no kuganira, ariko ubwoba bwawe bwo kwangwa bukabije ku buryo ugera aho ukazirinda burundu.

Iyi ndwara yitwa AVPD, iri mu itsinda ry’indwara z’imibanire ya muntu rya "Cluster C". Guhangayika no gutinya ni ibintu bisanzwe mu zindi ndwara muri iri tsinda. Indwara z’imibanire ya muntu ni imyitwarire ihoraho ikura mu bwana cyangwa mu bwana kandi idahuye n’ibyo umuryango wacu witeze. Ibi bishobora gutera agahinda n’imibabaro ku muntu n’abamukikije.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’indwara yo kwirinda indwara y’imibanire (AVPD) n’imihangayiko yo mu mibanire y’abantu?

Yego, nubwo ibi byombi bisa, ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye. Indwara yo guhangayika mu mibanire y'abantu (SAD) , cyangwa ubwoba bwo gutinya abantu, ni ubwoba bukabije kandi buhoraho bw'uko abandi bazagucira urubanza kandi bakakwitegereza. Ibi bituma abantu bafite ubwoba bwo kubana n'abandi birinda ibibazo byo kubana n'abandi.

Abantu bafite APD birinda imimerere yo mu muryango n'imibanire. Ariko impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni ukwiyima agaciro gake . Nubwo guhangayika ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu ndwara yo guhangayika mu muryango (SAD), guhangayika si ngombwa ko buri gihe biba ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi muri APD.

Abashakashatsi batekerezaga ko AVPD ari ubwoko bwa SAD bukabije. Ariko ubu basanze hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abantu bafite AVPD batujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bagire SAD muri DSM-5. Ariko, birashoboka ko umuntu agira indwara zombi icyarimwe. Muri icyo gihe, ibimenyetso akenshi biba bikomeye cyane.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute? Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara?

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hagati ya 1.5% na 2.5% by'abaturage b'Abanyamerika bashobora kuba bafite indwara yo kwirinda indwara yo kwibasira umuntu (AVPD). Ibi bivuze ko umubare munini w'abantu bo muri Sri Lanka nabo bashobora kuba bafite iyi ndwara.

Ubusanzwe AVPD itangira nyuma y'imyaka 18, cyangwa mu myaka ya za 20. Nanone, abantu bafite indwara zo mu mutwe zikurikira bashobora kurwara AVPD:

• Ihungabana rikomeye (`Ihungabana rikabije` cyangwa `indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba`)
• Indwara yo kwiheba idashira
• Indwara yo guhangayika mu mibanire y'abantu
• Indwara yo kudakora ibintu ku bushake (OCD)
• Indwara y'ubwoba
• Anorexia nervosa
• Indwara yo kurya byinshi

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kwirinda umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (AVPD)?

Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga ni uko ubwoba bwo kwangwa n'abandi buba bukomeye cyane ku buryo wirinda abantu ugahitamo kuba wenyine. Iyi myitwarire ishobora kugaragara cyane kuri bamwe, ndetse no ku bandi ikagaragara cyane.

Izindi bimenyetso n'imyitwarire birimo:

• Ufite ishusho mbi cyane yo kwibona. Utekereza ko utari mwiza bihagije, uri hasi y'abandi. Tekereza, nubwo wakora ikintu cyiza, ukibwira uti "Oh, ibyo byahise bibaho."
• Ndahangayikishwa cyane n'uko abandi banenga cyangwa banga. Nubwo umuntu yavuga ikintu gito, ndagifata mu mutima kandi nkumva mbabaye.
• Niba utazi neza ko abandi bantu bazagukunda, ntushaka kuvugana na bo. Hari ubwoba bwo kuvuga ngo "Ese bazanyakira nk'ibikomeye nimbwira?"
• Ugira ubwoba n'ubwoba bukomeye mu mibanire n'abandi no mu mibanire. Ibi bishobora gutuma wirinda akazi n'ibikorwa bisaba gusabana n'abandi. Urugero, ushobora kwirinda kujya mu birori mu biro, ukibwira uti "Oh, ninjyayo nta muntu uzavugana nanjye."
• Ndi umuntu ugira isoni cyane iyo ndi mu bantu kandi ndi umuntu witinya kuko ntinya gukora ikosa cyangwa kugira isoni. Buri gihe ntekereza ibintu nk'ibi, "Ese uburyo nambaye ni bwo bwiza?", "Ese uburyo mvuga buteye isoni?"
• Utekereza cyane ku bibazo bishoboka, cyangwa ugasobanura nabi uko abandi babyitwaramo (mu buryo bubi). Nubwo umuntu yakureba gusa, wumva uti "Oh, sinzi icyo bantekerezagaho."
• Bakunda kugerageza ibintu bishya gake cyane. Ntibakunda kwishyira mu kaga. Bareka ibintu byinshi kuko batinya ko "nshobora kutabikora nubwo nabigerageza."

Kuki iki kibazo kibaho? Impamvu zacyo (AVPD)

Indwara z'imico, harimo na APD, ni indwara zo mu mutwe zitarasobanuka neza. Abashakashatsi baracyagerageza kumenya impamvu nyayo. Ariko bemera ko APD iterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye:

• Ibyerekeye Genetiki: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko hafi 64% by'iterambere rya AVPD riterwa n'ibintu bigize genetiki, bivuze ko gene zacu zigira uruhare. Ibi bivuze ko niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyo ndwara, nawe ufite amahirwe menshi yo kuyirwara.
• Imiterere y'Ubuto: Abashakashatsi bavumbuye isano iri hagati y'imico imwe n'imwe yo mu bwana na APD. Urugero, kutava ku izima, kumva umuntu adakunze ibintu bishya, kwanga ibintu bishya, kwirinda akaga gakabije, n'ubwoba n'imihangayiko bikabije.
• Uburyo bwo kwihambira: Abantu bafite uburyo bwo kwihambira bakunze kugira amahirwe menshi yo kurwara AVPD. Iki ni cyo gihe ushaka kuba hafi y'abandi, ariko ntubagirire icyizere kandi utinya kwangwa. Urugero, umwana ashobora kugira ubu buryo bwo kwihambira iyo ababyeyi be birengagije agahinda kabo bakiri bato.
• Ahantu abana baherereye: Ibintu nko kwangwa no gufatwa mu buryo butandukanye n'abandi mu bwana bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya AVPD.

Iyi ndwara (AVPD) ipimwa ite?

Imiterere yacu ikomeza kwiyongera mu bwana no mu bwangavu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga ntibasuzuma umuntu uri munsi y'imyaka 18 ufite indwara yo kwirinda indwara (AVPD). Abaganga bakeneye ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko iyi miterere y'imyitwarire ihoraho, idahinduka, kandi ntishira uko igihe kigenda.

Indwara z'imico, harimo na APD, ziragoye kuzisuzuma kuko abantu benshi bafite izi ndwara ntibamenya ko hari ikibazo kiri mu myitwarire yabo cyangwa uburyo batekereza.

Iyo basabye ubufasha, akenshi ni ukujya gushaka ubuvuzi bw'imihangayiko cyangwa kwiheba biterwa n'ibibazo nko kwigunga no kubura inshuti biterwa n'uburwayi bwabo.

Iyo umujyanama mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe , ni ukuvuga inzobere mu by’indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa inzobere mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu, akeka ko hari umuntu ufite APD, akenshi abaza ibibazo rusange kandi birambuye. Birinda guteza akaduruvayo aho umuntu yumva anenzwe cyangwa afite isoni. Ibibazo abaza bigerageza guhishura amakuru yerekeye:

• Amakuru yashize
• Abo twandikirana
• Ibisobanuro birambuye ku mirimo yabanje
• Gusuzuma ukuri (ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibiri kuba mu by'ukuri n'ibitekerezwa)

Umuntu ukekwaho kuba afite APD ashobora kudasobanukirwa imyitwarire ye n'uburyo atekereza. Kubwibyo, abahanga mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bakunze kuvugana n'umuryango n'inshuti z'uwo muntu kugira ngo bakusanye amakuru arambuye.

Abaganga bapima indwara ya AVPD bashingiye ku bipimo biri mu gitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’imibare cy’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5).

Kugira ngo umuntu amenyekane ko afite APD, nibura imyitwarire ine muri iyi ikurikira igomba kugaragara mu buryo buhoraho :

• Kwirinda ibikorwa by'akazi bisaba gukorana n'abandi bitewe no gutinya kunengwa cyangwa kwangwa.
• Kudashaka kuganira n'abandi keretse niba ufite icyizere cyuzuye cy'uko bazagukunda.
• Guhora wicecekeye kandi wigunze, ndetse no mu rukundo rwa hafi, bitewe no gutinya gushinyagurirwa no gukorwa n'isoni.
• Guhangayikishwa cyane no kunengwa cyangwa kwangwa n'abandi mu bihe bisanzwe byo mu muryango.
• Kumva ufite isoni no kwitonda mu bihe bishya byo mu muryango kuko wumva udashoboye.
• Kwibona nk'umuntu udakunda gusabana n'abandi, udakurura abandi, kandi uri hasi y'abandi.
• Kudashaka kwishyira mu kaga cyangwa kugerageza ibikorwa bishya bitewe n'ibyago byo kugira isoni.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Indwara z'imico ziragoye kuvura kuko abantu bafite izi ndwara baba bafite imitekerereze n'imyitwarire kuva kera.

Ariko, abantu bafite AVPD bashobora kwakira neza ubuvuzi. Ibi biterwa nuko bumva basunitswe cyane n’iyi ndwara, kandi abantu benshi bafite AVPD bafite icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kubaka umubano. Iki cyifuzo gishobora kuba impamvu ituma bakora ku gahunda yabo yo kuvura. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe ndetse wenda n’imiti.

Mu kuvura umuntu ufite iyi ndwara, ubuvuzi burushaho kugira ingaruka nziza iyo ahawe ubufasha n'umuryango we.

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ku bantu (AVPD)

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'imico, ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura indwara z'imico. Intego y'ubu buvuzi ni ukugufasha kumenya impamvu z'imbere mu mutima n'ubwoba bifitanye isano n'ibitekerezo byawe n'imyitwarire yawe. Byongeye kandi, ushobora kwiga kubana n'abandi mu buryo bwiza kurushaho.

Ubwoko bubiri bw'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe bushobora gufasha abantu bafite APD ni:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi: Ubu bwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwibanda ku mizi y'imitekerereze y'umuntu ubabaye mu byiyumvo. Binyuze mu kwisuzuma, ureba imibanire idafite aho ihuriye n'ibibazo n'imyitwarire mu buzima bwawe. Ibi bigufasha kwiyumva neza. Bishobora kugufasha guhindura uburyo ubana n'abandi n'aho utuye.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bufite gahunda, bushingiye ku ntego. Umuvuzi cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze agufasha kureba ibitekerezo n'amarangamutima yawe. Uzasobanukirwa uburyo ibitekerezo byawe bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe. Binyuze muri CBT, ushobora gutsinda ibitekerezo n'imyitwarire mibi. Uziga guteza imbere imitekerereze n'ingeso nziza. Ibi bishobora kwibanda cyane cyane ku guteza imbere ubumenyi mu mibanire n'abandi.

Imiti ivura (AVPD)

Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe. Ariko hari imiti ivura indwara nk'ihungabana no guhangayika bishobora kugaragara ku bantu bafite APD. Kuvura izi ndwara bishobora koroshya kuvura APD.

Ariko, kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza, ugomba gufata imiti hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku bantu bafite AVPD?

Uko iyi ndwara ihagaze (AVPD) biterwa nuko yavuwe cyangwa itavuwe.

Iyo itavuwe, AVPD ishobora gutera ibi bikurikira:

• Kuba hari izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe nko kwiheba, ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, n'ibibazo byo kurya.
• Ingaruka zo kwiheba nyuma yo kuvuka ziyongera.
• Kubura ibyishimo mu buzima.
• Ingorane mu kazi.
• Imikorere mibi mu mibereho y'abantu.

Abantu bafite APD bafite igipimo kinini cy’ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura no kugerageza kwiyahura. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi arimo gutekereza kwiyahura, nyamuneka shaka ubufasha bwihuse ku muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe, umuntu mukuru wizeye, cyangwa uhamagare umuntu ugufasha.

Kuvura indwara yo kwirinda indwara (AVPD) ni inzira ndende. Ubwitange bwawe bwo gushaka no gukomeza kuvurwa bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza. Mu kuvurwa, bamwe mu bantu bafite AVPD bashobora kwiga kubana n'abandi mu buryo bwiza.

Ese AVPD ishobora kwirindwa?

Indwara yo kwirinda indwara y’imibanire (AVPD) ntishobora kwirindwa burundu. Ariko, kuvurwa bishobora kugabanya ibibazo bitera. Gushaka ubufasha vuba ibimenyetso bikigaragara bishobora kugabanya ihungabana ku buzima bw’umuntu, umuryango we, n’imibanire ye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Wibuke ko indwara yo kwirinda indwara yo mu mutwe (AVPD) ari indwara ifata umuntu mu mutwe. Kimwe n'izindi ndwara zose zo mu mutwe, gushaka ubufasha vuba ibimenyetso bikigaragara bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibibazo mu buzima bwawe. Abahanga mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bashobora kuguha gahunda zo kugufasha gucunga ibitekerezo byawe n'imyitwarire yawe.

Abakunzi b'abantu bafite APD bakunze kugira stress, depression, ndetse no kwigunga. Ni ngombwa kwita ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe no gushaka ubufasha niba ufite ibi bimenyetso.

Ntabwo uri wenyine. Niba usobanukiwe iki kibazo kandi ugashaka ubufasha bukwiye, nawe ushobora kubona ihumure no kubaho neza. Saba ubufasha nta bwoba kandi ufite icyizere.

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` indwara yo kwirinda imico, AVPD, indwara yo kwiyumvamo, gutinya abantu, guhangayika, kwiheba, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ubuvuzi