Ese wowe ntufite ikibazo nk'icyo? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ya bipolar.

Ese hari igihe wumva wishimye mu buryo butunguranye, ariko umunsi ukurikiyeho ukumva ubabaye cyane kandi urambiwe ubuzima? Cyangwa hari umuntu uzi wahuye n'ibi? Ibi si ikindi kintu gusa, wenda impamvu yabyo ni indwara ya bipolar. Uyu munsi, turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Indwara ya Bipolar ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ya bipolar ni indwara y’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ifata igihe kirekire . Mbere yitwaga "indwara yo kwiheba iterwa n’amarangamutima" cyangwa "ihungabana riterwa n’amarangamutima." Irangwa n’impinduka zitunguranye kandi zikomeye mu byiyumvo byawe, urugero rw’ingufu, imitekerereze, n’imyitwarire. Izi mpinduka zishobora kumara amasaha menshi, iminsi, ibyumweru, cyangwa ndetse n’amezi. Zishobora kandi kubangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora neza.

Indwara ya Bipolar irangwa n'ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima rikuru ribiri: ibihe byo kubabara cyangwa kugabanuka kw'amarangamutima hamwe n'ibihe byo kwiheba . Ariko, ibi ntibivuze ko umuntu ufite indwara ya bipolar ahora ari muri kimwe muri ibi bihe bibiri. Agira kandi ibihe byo kugira amarangamutima asanzwe. Ibi tubyita "euthymia."

Kuki izina "indwara yo kwiheba iterwa n'amarangamutima" ritagikoreshwa?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera:

• Mu bihe byashize, abaganga bakoreshaga ijambo "indwara yo kwiheba iterwa n'amarangamutima" bashaka kuvuga indwara zitandukanye zo mu mutwe. Ubu, kubera ko uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro indwara zo mu mutwe, nka "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM) , bwagiye butera imbere, gukoresha izina "bipolar disorder" bituma isuzuma rirushaho kumvikana.
• Amagambo "manic" na "mania" afite inyito nyinshi n'ibisobanuro bibi muri sosiyete, cyane cyane amagambo nka "mania." Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abantu bakoresha ijambo "depression" mu gusobanura agahinda gasanzwe, nubwo atari ihungabana rikabije . Izina "bipolar disorder" ritandukanya aya magambo abiri.
• "Bipolar disorder" ni ijambo ry’ubuvuzi kandi rikoreshwa mu buvuzi kuruta "manic depression." Rifite uburemere buke bw'amarangamutima.
• Izina "depression manic" ntirigaragaza ubwoko bw'iyi ndwara ya cyclothymic cyangwa hypomanic (nk'indwara ya bipolar II).

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'indwara ya bipolar?

Reka turebe uko bigenda muri ibi bihe byo kwiheba no kwiheba.

Ibice bya Manic

Indwara ya Bipolar IAbantu bafite indwara ya bipolar disorder bashobora guhura n’ibi bihe by’amarangamutima. Iki ni cyo gihe amarangamutima yawe aba menshi cyane, rimwe na rimwe ndetse akagira n’uburakari bwinshi. Muri icyo gihe, amarangamutima yawe, ibitekerezo byawe, imbaraga zawe, imvugo yawe, n’imyitwarire yawe byose birahinduka cyane. Iyi mbaraga nyinshi n’imyitwarire bitandukanye cyane n’uko usanzwe umeze, kandi biragaragarira abandi.

Iyo abantu barwaye indwara y'agahinda, bamwe bashobora gukora ibintu bibabangamira ku mubiri, mu mibanire yabo, cyangwa mu by'ubukungu. Urugero, bashobora gutakaza amafaranga menshi mu buryo butunguranye, gukina urusimbi, cyangwa gutwara imodoka mu buryo butunguranye. Hari n'igihe ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe , nko kwibeshya no kubona ibintu nk'ibintu bitabaho, bishobora no kubaho. Ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutuma bigorana gutandukanya indwara ya bipolar n'izindi ndwara, nka schizophrenia.

Urugero, mu bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'indwara ya bipolar, abantu bafite indwara ya Bipolar II bagira ikibazo cyitwa hypomania . Iki ni ikibazo gito kandi cyoroheje ugereranyije n'indwara ya mania. Ntikimara igihe kinini nk'indwara ya manic kandi ntibangamira imikorere ya buri munsi cyane.

Ibihe by'agahinda

Mu gihe cy'ihungabana, ushobora kumva ubabaye cyane kandi wihebye. Ushobora kandi gutakaza ubushake bwo kwishimira ibintu wakundaga. Ibindi bimenyetso by'ihungabana bishobora kugaragara:

• Umunaniro, umunaniro.
• Impinduka mu irari ry'ibiribwa (kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka).
• Kumva nta gaciro bifite ni ikimenyetso cyo kwiheba.
• Kudashobora gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
• Numva nshaka kurira.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara ya bipolar?

Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya bipolar:

1. Indwara ya Bipolar I: Aba bantu bahuye n'ikibazo kimwe cyangwa byinshi byo kubabara mu mutwe. Abantu benshi bagira ibihe byo kubabara mu mutwe no mu kwiheba, ariko ushobora kurwara bipolar I niba ufite ibihe byo kubabara mu mutwe gusa udafite ibihe byo kubabara mu mutwe. Ibihe byo kubabara mu mutwe akenshi bimara nibura ibyumweru bibiri. Kugira ngo umenye indwara ya bipolar I, ibihe byawe byo kubabara mu mutwe bigomba kumara nibura iminsi irindwi cyangwa bikaba bikomeye bihagije ku buryo bisaba kujya mu bitaro. Aba bantu bashobora kandi kugira ibihe bitandukanye , ari byo bihe aho ibimenyetso byo kubabara mu mutwe no kwiheba bigaragara.

2. Indwara ya Bipolar II: Aba bantu bagira ibihe byo kwiheba no kwiheba. Ariko ntibigera bagira ibihe byose byo kwiheba nk'uko bikunze kugaragara muri bipolar I. Nubwo kwiheba bidatera ikibazo kinini nk'uko bikunze kugaragara muri mania, indwara ya bipolar II rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuba itera agahinda kurusha bipolar I. Ibi biterwa nuko kwiheba gukabije bikunze kugaragara muri bipolar II.

3.Indwara ya Cyclothymic (Cyclothymia): Aba bantu bagira ibyiyumvo bidahindagurika cyane. Bahora bahinduranya hagati ya hypomania na depression yoroheje mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri. Bashobora kugira igihe gito cyo kubabara mu mutwe, ariko ibyo bihe ntibirenze ibyumweru umunani.

4. Izindi ndwara zishingiye ku mikorere y’ubwonko zidasanzwe n’izidafite aho zihuriye na zo: Iyo umuntu atujuje neza ibisabwa kugira ngo agire ikibazo cy’ubwonko I, II, cyangwa cyclothymia, ariko akaba afite urwego rudasanzwe rw’izamuka ry’amarangamutima, aba ari muri urwo rwego.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’indwara y’imiterere y’umuntu (BPD) n’indwara y’ibipolar?

Indwara y’imibanire y’abantu iterwa n’imipaka (BPD) n’indwara y’imiyaga iterwa n’imiyaga ishobora kwitiranywa kuko bimwe mu bimenyetso bifitanye isano. Ariko, ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye.

BPD irangwa n'impinduka z'igihe kirekire mu byiyumvo, mu myitwarire no mu ishusho y'umuntu . Ibi bikunze guterwa n'amakimbirane mu mibanire n'abandi. BPD ifitanye isano n'ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'abantu barwaye indwara yo kwiyahura badashaka kwiyahura, ibi bikaba bidakunze kugaragara mu ndwara ya bipolar.

Indwara ya Bipolar itandukanye na BPD kuko ifata ibihe by’amarangamutima bizwi kandi birambye byo kurwara mania/hypomania cyangwa kwiheba . Ibi bihe byo kurwara mania cyangwa kwiheba bishobora guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye. Urugero, kubura ibitotsi, imihangayiko, no gukoresha imiti imwe n’imwe n’imiti.

Ni nde urwara indwara ya bipolar?

Ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese. Akenshi itangira ahagana ku myaka 25. Ariko ni gake cyane, ishobora gutangira umuntu akiri muto, cyangwa ndetse no mu myaka 40 cyangwa 50.

Igira ingaruka ku bagore n'abagabo kimwe, ariko hashobora kubaho itandukaniro rito mu buryo ibagiraho ingaruka.

• Abagore bafite indwara ya bipolar disorder bashobora kugira ihindagurika ryihuse ry’amarangamutima. Niba ufite ibihe bine cyangwa birenga byo kwiheba cyangwa kwiheba mu mwaka, byitwa "gusiganwa ku maguru gahoro." Impinduka mu misemburo y’ibitsina n’imisemburo ya tiroyide , ndetse no kwiyongera kw’imiti igabanya ubukana mu bagore, bishobora gutera iyi ndwara ya "gusiganwa ku maguru gahoro".
• Abagore nabo bashobora kugira ibihe byo kwiheba kurusha abagabo.

Indwara ya bipolar ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Abantu bakuru bagera kuri miliyoni 5.7 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, cyangwa 2.6% by'abaturage, bafite iyi ndwara. Iyi ndwara iboneka no muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya bipolar?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cya bipolar I disorder ni indwara yo kubabara mu mutwe imara nibura icyumweru . Abantu bafite indwara ya bipolar II cyangwa cyclothymia bagira ibihe byo kubabara mu mutwe.

Ariko abantu benshi bafite indwara ya bipolar disorder bahura n'ibihe bya manic/hypomanique ndetse n'ibihe bya depression. Ibi bihe bya manic ntibihora bibaho mu buryo bumwe. Ibihe bya manic ntibihora bikurikira ibihe bya depression. Umuntu ashobora kugira amarangamutima amwe (urugero: mania) inshuro nyinshi, kandi ashobora no kuva mu marangamutima asanzwe (euthymia) akajya ku rundi ruhande (depression).

Izi mpinduka mu byiyumvo zishobora kumara ibyumweru, amezi, cyangwa se imyaka.

Igikuru ni uko izi mpinduka mu byiyumvo ziba zitari zisanzwe kandi ko impinduka zimara igihe kirekire . Mu gihe cy'amarangamutima, bishobora kumara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru, naho mu gihe cy'ihungabana, bishobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi.

Ubukana bw'indwara zo kwiheba no kurwara indwara z'amarangamutima bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi, ndetse no mu gihe runaka ku muntu umwe.

Ibimenyetso by'Ibihe by'Ubuhumyi

Hari abantu bagira ibihe byo kwiheba cyangwa kwiheba inshuro nyinshi mu buzima bwabo, abandi bakabibona gake cyane.

Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kubabara mu mutwe ni ibi bikurikira:

• Amarangamutima y'ibyishimo byinshi, ibyiringiro, n'ibyishimo.
• Impinduka ikomeye kandi itunguranye mu byiyumvo. Urugero, kuva ku kwishima cyane kugeza ku kurakara cyangwa kuba umwanzi mu buryo butunguranye.
• Kutagira ituze.
• Kuvuga vuba, ibitekerezo byihuta.
• Ingufu ziyongera, kugabanuka k'ubushake bwo gusinzira.
• Kwifata byimbitse, gufata ibyemezo bibi. Urugero, kuva ku kazi mu buryo butunguranye.
• Gutegura imigambi minini kandi idashoboka.
• Imyitwarire idahwitse kandi iteje akaga. Urugero, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'inzoga nabi, imibonano mpuzabitsina idahwitse.
• Kumva ufite akamaro kadasanzwe, ufite impano, cyangwa ufite imbaraga.
• Kurwara indwara yo mu mutwe - Kubona ibintu bitagaragara no kwibeshya mu bihe bikomeye cyane by'amarangamutima.

Akenshi, abantu bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ntibaba bazi ingaruka mbi z'ibikorwa byabo. Ingaruka zo kwiyahura zihora zigaragara mu ndwara ya bipolar. Hari abantu bagerageza kwiyahura mu gihe cy'uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, atari mu gihe cyo kwiheba gusa.

Iyo umuntu ari mu bihe bikomeye byo kubura ubwenge, cyane cyane iyo afite ibyo abona mu maso no mu bitekerezo, ashobora gukenera kujya mu bitaro kugira ngo yirinde kandi arinde n'abandi ibyago.

Ibimenyetso bya Hypomania

Hari abantu bagira ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'amarangamutima, ariko byoroheje. Ibi byitwa hypomania . Muri iki gihe, ushobora kumva umeze neza cyane kandi ukumva ushobora gukora byinshi. Abantu bafite imiterere yo kudakora amarangamutima akenshi bashobora gukora neza mu muryango cyangwa ku kazi.

Mu gihe cy'ihungabana ry'umubiri (hypomanic episode), ushobora kumva nta kibazo kirimo. Ariko umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe bashobora kubona impinduka mu byiyumvo byawe no mu myitwarire yawe, kandi bashobora gutekereza ko ari ibidasanzwe kuri wewe. Ushobora kandi kugira ihungabana rikomeye nyuma y'ihungabana ry'umubiri.

Ibimenyetso by'ibihe byo kwiheba

Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kwiheba mu ndwara ya bipolar bisa n'iby'indwara yo kwiheba ikomeye . Birimo:

• Kumva mfite agahinda gakomeye.
• Kubura imbaraga, umunaniro.
• Kutagira ubushake bwo gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
• Kwiheba, kumva nta gaciro bifite.
• Kutabona ibyishimo mu bintu byari bishimishije mbere.
• Kugorwa no gushyira ibitekerezo ku murongo, gufata ibyemezo.
• Kurira cyane.
• Uburakari.
• Gukenera gusinzira byiyongera.
• Kubura ibitotsi cyangwa gusinzira cyane.
• Kugabanya ibiro cyangwa kwiyongera bitewe n'impinduka mu ipfa ryo kurya.
• Ibitekerezo ku rupfu cyangwa kwiyahura ( Igitekerezo cyo kwiyahura ).

Niba ufite ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura, ugomba gushaka ubufasha byihutirwa. Muri Sri Lanka, hamagara umuryango nka Sumithrayo (0112692909), cyangwa ujye ku bitaro biri hafi yawe.

Ibiranga Igice Givanze

Mu bihe bitandukanye, ibimenyetso byo kurwara indwara y'ihungabana n'indwara yo kwiheba bibaho icyarimwe. Muri iki gihe, ugira ibyiyumvo bibi n'ibitekerezo bibi bizanwa no kwiheba, ariko kandi ukumva uhangayitse, udatuje, kandi ufite imbaraga nyinshi.

Abantu bahura n'ibibazo bitandukanye bakunze kuvuga ko ari cyo kintu kibi cyane cya bipolar disorder.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara ya bipolar?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibaramenya neza icyabitera.

Ariko bemera ko hari isano ikomeye hagati y’uturemangingo (genetic/inherent) . Indwara ya Bipolar ni imwe mu ndwara zo mu mutwe zikunze kugaragara cyane. Abantu barenga bibiri bya gatatu bafite iyo ndwara bafite uwo mu muryango we mu maraso nawe ufite iyo ndwara. Ariko kuba uwo mu muryango wawe mu maraso afite iyo ndwara ya Bipolar ntibivuze ko uzayirwara.

Izindi mpamvu abahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko zigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’indwara ya bipolar harimo:

• Impinduka mu bwonko bwawe: Abashakashatsi bavumbuye impinduka zitagaragara mu bunini busanzwe cyangwa imikorere y’imiterere imwe n’imwe y’ubwonko ku bantu bafite indwara ya bipolar. Ariko iyo ndwara ntishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ubwonko.
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije, nko guhungabana no guhangayika: Ikintu gihangayikishije cyane, nko gupfusha uwo ukunda, indwara ikomeye, gutandukana n’uwo mwashakanye, cyangwa ibibazo by’ubukungu, bishobora gutera indwara yo kwiheba cyangwa kwiheba. Kubwibyo, guhangayika no guhungabana nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutera indwara ya bipolar.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo ibi bintu bifitanye isano na bipolar, uburyo bishobora gufasha mu gukumira iyo ndwara, ndetse n'ingaruka zayo ku buvuzi.

Indwara ya bipolar ipimwa ite?

Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibintu byinshi kugira ngo apime ibi:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri.
• Amateka yuzuye y'ubuvuzi (kubaza ibimenyetso byawe, ibyo wanyuzemo mu buzima bwawe, n'amateka y'umuryango wawe).
• Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi,Nk'ibipimo by'amaraso. Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso byawe (urugero: hyperthyroidism ).
• Isuzuma ry'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Muganga wawe ashobora kubikora, cyangwa akakohereza ku muganga w'inzobere mu buzima bwo mu mutwe, nk'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe.

Kugira ngo umenye indwara ya bipolar disorder, ugomba kuba warigeze kugira nibura ikibazo kimwe cyo kubabara mu mutwe cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubwonko . Abahanga mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bakoresha igitabo cyitwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) kugira ngo bagufashe kumenya ubwoko bw'indwara ya bipolar disorder ushobora kuba ufite.

Kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bw'indwara ya bipolar ufite, muganga wawe azasuzuma imiterere y'ibimenyetso byawe n'uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe mu bihe bibi cyane.

Abantu bafite indwara ya bipolar bakunze kugira izi ndwara zo mu mutwe:

• Guhangayika.
• Indwara yo Kudakora ku Mutwe/Guhangayika mu Mutwe (ADHD).
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma yo guhungabana (PTSD).
• Indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Kubera ibi, kandi kubera ko abantu bashobora kutibuka ko bahuye na byo bitewe nuko kwibuka kwabo kwangirika mu gihe cy'indwara yo mu mutwe, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugora abaganga gusuzuma neza abantu barwaye indwara ya bipolar.

Umurwayi w’indwara y’imitekerereze ihindagurika (bipolar episode) ufite indwara ikomeye y’amarangamutima (delucinations) ashobora gufatwa nk’umuntu urwaye indwara ya schizophrenia (schizophrenia). Birashoboka kandi gufatwa nk’umuntu urwaye indwara y’imibanire y’abantu (BPD) .

Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane kuba inyangamugayo no kuvuga ku bimenyetso byose n'ibyakubayeho mugihe uganira na muganga wawe. Bishobora kandi kuba ingirakamaro gushyiramo umuntu ukunda mu biganiro byawe na muganga wawe ushobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku mateka yawe y'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

Indwara ya bipolar ivurwa ite?

Ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha abantu benshi, ndetse n'abafite indwara ikomeye ya bipolar. Gahunda yo kuvura igenda neza akenshi iba irimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze / Ubuvuzi bwo kuganira.
• Imiti.
• Uburyo bwo kwicunga, urugero, kwiga ku ndwara, kumenya ibimenyetso by'indwara hakiri kare, no kumenya impamvu itera indwara.
• Ingeso nziza zo kubaho, nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, yoga, no gutekereza cyane, zishobora gufasha mu kuvura, ariko ntizisimbura ibyo.
• Ubuvuzi bukoresha amashanyarazi (ECT) bukoreshwa mu gihe ubundi buryo bwo kuvura budakira neza imiti, cyangwa iyo ibimenyetso bigomba gucungwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika.

Indwara ya Bipolar ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose, bityo kuyivura ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwose . Bishobora gufata amezi cyangwa imyaka kugira ngo wowe na muganga wawe mubone gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye. Nubwo ibi bishobora kugutera ibibazo, ni ngombwa gukomeza kuvurwa.

Ibihe by’amarangamutima n’iby’ihungabana bigaruka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya bipolar bagira ihinduka ry’amarangamutima yabo mu gihe cy’ibi bihe, ariko bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisigaye. Kuvura igihe kirekire bishobora gufasha mu guhangana n’ibi bimenyetso.

Niba ufite izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe (urugero: imihangayiko, ADHD) hamwe na bipolar, kuvura izo ndwara bishobora kugorana kurushaho. Urugero, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara yo kudakora ku bushake (OCD) hamwe n'imiti itera imbaraga ADHD bishobora kongera ibimenyetso by'indwara yo kudakora ku mutima ndetse bigatera indwara yo kubura ubwenge.

Nubwo kuvura izi ndwara bishobora kugorana, ntabwo ari ibidashoboka. Iyemeze gushaka gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubuvuzi bukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar?

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze, buzwi kandi nka "ubuvuzi bwo kuvugana", bushobora kuba igice cy'ingenzi cya gahunda yo kuvura abantu bafite indwara ya bipolar.

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ni uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bugufasha kumenya no guhindura amarangamutima, ibitekerezo, n'imyitwarire iguhangayikishije. Gukorana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe , nk'inzobere mu by'indwara zo mu mutwe, bishobora kuguha wowe n'umuryango wawe inkunga, uburere n'ubuyobozi.

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura indwara ya bipolar:

• Uburezi bwo mu mutwe: Iki ni cyo gihe abahanga mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bigisha abantu indwara zo mu mutwe bafite. Kubera ko indwara ya bipolar ari indwara igoye, kuyimenya n’uko igira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bishobora kugufasha wowe n’abakunzi bawe kuyihangana no kuyihangana neza.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imibanire y'abantu n'imibanire y'abantu (IPSRT): Ubu buvuzi bwagenewe kugufasha gusobanukirwa no gukorana n'imibanire y'abantu n'imibanire yabo kugira ngo wongere ibyiyumvo byawe. IPSRT ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura abantu bafite indwara ya bipolar n'izindi ndwara z'imibanire y'abantu. Bwibanze ku gufata imiti neza, gucunga ibintu bihangayikishije mu buzima, no kugabanya ibibazo by'imibanire y'abantu (impinduka mu mikorere ya buri munsi). IPSRT ikwigisha ubuhanga bushobora kugufasha kwirinda ibihe by'amarangamutima cyangwa kwiheba mu gihe kizaza.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku muryango: Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura abantu bakuru n'abana bafite indwara ya bipolar hamwe n'ababitaho. Muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura, abakunzi bawe bakorana nawe kugira ngo bige ibijyanye na bipolar, barusheho kunoza ubuhanga bwo kuvugana, kandi bitoze gukemura ibibazo.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): Ubu ni ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bufite gahunda kandi bwibanda ku ntego. Umuvuzi wawe agufasha gusuzuma byimbitse ibitekerezo byawe n'ibyiyumvo byawe. Uzamenya uburyo ibitekerezo byawe bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe. Binyuze muri CBT, ushobora kwiga kureka ibitekerezo n'imyitwarire mibi no guteza imbere imiterere n'ingeso nziza.

Ni iyihe miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar?

Hari imiti ishobora gufasha mu kuvura ibimenyetso bya bipolar. Ushobora kugerageza imiti itandukanye uyobowe na muganga kugira ngo ubone igukwiriye.

Imiti isanzwe ivura indwara ya bipolar ikubiyemo:

• Ibituma umuntu adahungabana mu buryo yumva ameze.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri ("zidasanzwe") (zitwa kandi antipsychotics).
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo kwiheba.

Niba ufata imiti ivura indwara ya bipolar, zirikana ibi bikurikira:

• Vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo usobanukirwe ingaruka, ingaruka mbi, n'akamaro k'umuti.
• Bwira muganga wawe indi miti yose (wandikiwe na muganga, uyihabwa mu gihe kitazwi cyangwa inyunganiramirire) usanzwe ufata.
• Niba ugize ingaruka mbi, bwira muganga wawe ako kanya. Ashobora guhindura ingano y'umuti cyangwa akaguha undi muti.
• Wibuke ko imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ya bipolar igomba gufatwa buri gihe, nk'uko byavuzwe.

Ibitera imbaraga mu mibanire y'abantu barwaye indwara ya Bipolar

Abantu bafite indwara ya bipolar bakunze gukenera imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyiyumvo kugira ngo babashe guhangana n'ibihe by'amarangamutima cyangwa hypomanic.

Ubwoko bw'ibintu bitera imbaraga mu mikurire n'amazina y'ibirango byabyo:

• Lithiyumu ( Eskalith®, Lithobid®, Lithonate®)
• Aside Valproic (Depakene®)
• Divalproex sodium (Depakote®)
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol®, Equetro®)
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal®)

Lithium ni imwe mu miti ikunze kwandikirwa kandi yigwaho cyane ku ndwara ya bipolar. Lithium ni umunyu usanzwe. Igabanya ibimenyetso bya manic mu byumweru bibiri uhereye igihe utangiye kuvurwa, ariko bishobora gufata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo ibimenyetso bya manic bigenzurwe burundu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga bakunze kwandika indi miti, nka antipsychotics cyangwa antidepressants, kugira ngo ifashe mu kugenzura ibimenyetso.

Lithium rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera ibibazo bya tiroyide n'impyiko . Bityo rero, muganga wawe azagenzura buri gihe imikorere ya tiroyide n'impyiko zawe, ndetse n'urugero rwa lithium mu maraso yawe, kuko urugero rwa lithium rushobora kwiyongera cyane.

Ikintu cyose kigabanya urugero rwa sodium mu mubiri wawe - nko guhindura indyo irimo sodium nkeya, kubira ibyuya byinshi, umuriro, kuruka, cyangwa impiswi - bishobora gutuma lithium yiyongera ikagera ku rugero rw'uburozi mu mubiri wawe. Menya neza izi ndwara niba ufata lithium, kandi ubwire muganga wawe niba zibayeho.

Ibi ni ibimenyetso by'uburozi bwa lithium/dose irenze urugero . Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi , hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi kiri hafi yawe:

• Kubona nabi cyangwa kureba kabiri.
• Umutima utari umeze neza.
• Umutima utera vuba cyane cyangwa buhoro cyane.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Urujijo, isereri.
• Guhinda umushyitsi cyangwa gucika intege bikomeye.
• Kwihagarika cyane.
• Ingendo z'amaso zitagenzurwa.
• Gukomereka cyangwa kuva amaraso bidasanzwe.

Imiti ivura indwara ya bipolar

Abaganga bakunze gutanga imiti yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri cyangwa idasanzwe yo mu mutwe (antipsychotics) hamwe n'imiti ituma abantu bafite indwara ya bipolar badahungabana. Iyi miti ifasha abantu bafite ibibazo byo kubabara mu mutwe ndetse no mu bihe byo kwiheba.

Imiti ine gusa muri iyi ni yo yemejwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) mu kuvura indwara yo kwiheba iterwa n'ihungabana ry'imitsi:

• Cariprazine (Vraylar®)
• Lurasidone (Latuda®)
• Uruvange rwa Olanzapine-fluoxetine (Symbyax®)
• Quetiapine (Seroquel®)

Ariko, indi miti nka Olanzapine (Zyprexa®), Risperidone (Risperdal®), na Aripiprazole (Abilify®) nayo ikunze gutangwa.

Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ya bipolar

Hari igihe abaganga batanga imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara yo kwiheba mu gihe cy'ihungabana mu bantu bafite indwara ya bipolar. Ariko, kugira ngo birinde indwara yo kwiheba, banatanga imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibyiyumvo hamwe n'indi miti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara yo kwiheba.

Imiti igabanya ububabare ntikoreshwa nk'umuti wonyine uvura indwara ya bipolar, kuko gufata imiti igabanya ububabare byonyine bishobora gutera indwara yo mu mutwe.

Ingaruka mbi z'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibicurane (bipolar) ni izihe?

Ingaruka mbi z'imiti itera indwara ya bipolar zirakunze kugaragara, kandi ziratandukanye bitewe n'imiti. Ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe ku cyo witeze ku miti ufata. Ni ngombwa kandi kumubwira niba ufite ingaruka mbi.

Ntugahagarike gufata imiti keretse muganga wawe abikubwiye. Kureka imiti mu buryo butunguranye bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zikomeye ndetse bigatera indwara zikomeye.

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara cyane z'imiti ya bipolar ni izi:

• Kongera ibiro.
• Kudakora neza kw'imikorere y'umubiri, harimo urugero rudasanzwe rw'ibinure mu mubiri (dyslipidemia) , umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension) , n'isukari nyinshi mu maraso (hyperglycemia) .
• Gusinzira.
• Akathisia - Kumva udatuje, udatuje, kandi wifuza cyane kwimuka, gusimbuka, cyangwa kugendagenda.

Ni ubuhe buryo bundi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar?

Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bwa Electroconvulsive (ECT): Ibi bikubiyemo kohereza umuriro muke w'amashanyarazi unyuze mu mutwe wawe ukagera mu bwonko bwawe, bigatera igicuri. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite ihungabana rikomeye. ECT ni nziza cyane kandi ifite akamaro ku ndwara yo kwiheba idakira imiti cyangwa indwara ikomeye ya mania ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuvura mania niba utwite. ECT ikorwa hifashishijwe ikinya rusange, bityo uba usinziriye mu gihe cyose cyo gukora kandi ntuzumva ububabare.
• Gukangura Magnetic mu bwonko (TMS): Ibi birimo kohereza umuriro w'amashanyarazi unyuze muri coil ngufi ya electromagnetic mu bwonko bwawe. Hari igihe abaganga bakoresha ibi kugira ngo bavure indwara yo kwiheba idakira imiti. Ni ubundi buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya ECT. TMS ntabwo ibabaza kandi ntisaba ikinya.
• Imiti ya tiroyide: Iyi miti ishobora gukora nk'imiti igabanya ibyiyumvo. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko igira akamaro mu kugabanya ibimenyetso ku bagore bafite indwara ya bipolar igoye kuvura kandi "igenda vuba".
• Uburyo bwo kuvura Ketamine: Ingano nke ya ketamine itangwa mu mitsi (IV) byagaragaye ko igira ingaruka z'igihe gito ku ndwara yo kwiheba no kwica ku bantu bafite indwara ya bipolar.
• Kwinjira mu bitaro: Ubu ni uburyo bwihutirwa bwo kwita ku ndwara ya bipolar. Ni ngombwa iyo umuntu ari mu bihe bikomeye byo kwiheba cyangwa kurwara manic kandi akaba ari mu kaga gakomeye kuri we ubwe cyangwa abandi.

Ese guhindura imibereho bifasha umuntu kugira indwara ya bipolar?

Ikipe y'abaganga ishobora kukugira inama yo guhindura imibereho yawe kugira ngo igufashe guhagarika imyitwarire ituma ibimenyetso by'indwara ya bipolar birushaho kwiyongera. Zimwe muri izi mpinduka mu mibereho yawe zirimo:

• Hagarika inzoga, ibiyobyabwenge n'itabi: Ni ngombwa kureka inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge (harimo n'itabi) kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku miti ufata, bikarushaho kugorana kwandura indwara ya bipolar, kandi bikongera ibyago byo kurwara iyo ndwara.
• Andika ikaye cyangwa imbonerahamwe y'amarangamutima ya buri munsi: Kwandika ibitekerezo byawe bya buri munsi, ibyiyumvo byawe, n'imyitwarire yawe bishobora kugufasha kubona uburyo ubuvuzi bwawe bukora neza no kumenya ibintu bishobora gutera indwara yo kwiheba cyangwa kwiheba.
• Komeza gahunda nziza yo gusinzira:Bipolar ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwo gusinzira kwawe, kandi impinduka mu buryo bwo gusinzira zishobora gutera indwara. Shyira imbere gahunda yo gusinzira buri gihe, nko kuryama no kubyuka mu gihe kimwe buri munsi.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Byagaragaye ko imyitozo ngororamubiri iteza imbere amarangamutima n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe muri rusange. Kubwibyo, ishobora no gufasha mu kuvura ibimenyetso by'indwara ya bipolar. Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ku miti ya bipolar ni ukwiyongera ibiro. Kubwibyo, imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora no gufasha mu kuvura ibiro.
• Gutekereza ku bintu: Gutekereza ku bintu byagaragaye ko bigira akamaro mu kugabanya ihungabana, ari naryo rigize indwara ya bipolar.
• Gucunga imihangayiko no gukomeza umubano mwiza: Imihangayiko n'ihungabana bishobora kongera ibimenyetso ku bantu benshi bafite indwara ya bipolar. Ni ngombwa gucunga imihangayiko yawe mu buryo bwiza no gukuraho ibintu bigutera imihangayiko igihe bishoboka. Igice kinini cy'ibi ni ugukomeza umubano mwiza n'inshuti n'umuryango bagufasha, no kureka imibanire mibi yongera imihangayiko mu buzima bwawe.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara ya bipolar?

Indwara ya bipolar ikunze kuba mbi iyo idavuwe neza. Ariko, iyo abantu benshi bafite iyo ndwara ya bipolar bavuwe neza, bashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

Indwara ya Bipolar igabanya igihe cyo kubaho ho imyaka icyenda. Umuntu umwe kuri batanu barwaye indwara ya Bipolar yiyahura. Bivugwa ko abantu bagera kuri 60% barwaye indwara ya Bipolar baba baratwawe n'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga.

Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa ko abarwayi ba bipolar bashaka inama kwa muganga kandi bakiyemeza kwivuza.

Gukoresha imiti buri gihe kandi buri gihe bishobora kugabanya ibihe byo kwiheba no kwiheba. Iyo ushoboye kumenya ibimenyetso n'ibitera ibi bihe, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kubona uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura no guhangana n'ibibazo bishobora gukumira indwara zimara igihe kirekire, kujya mu bitaro no kwiyahura.

Ese indwara ya bipolar ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko kubera ko abahanga mu bya siyansi batazi impamvu nyayo itera indwara ya bipolar, nta buryo buzwi bwo kuyirinda.

Ariko, ni ingenzi cyane kumenya ibimenyetso by'indwara ya bipolar no gushaka inama kwa muganga hakiri kare (Early Intervention) .

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'indwara ya bipolar?

Niba warasanzwe urwaye indwara ya bipolar, uzakenera guhura n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe buri gihe mu buzima bwawe bwose kugira ngo umenye neza ko ubuvuzi bwawe bugufitiye akamaro. Iri tsinda rishobora kuba rigizwe na:

• Umuganga wawe w’ibanze.
• Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze cyangwa Umuvuzi.
• Inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi.

Ni ryari abarwayi ba bipolar bagomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite imimerere nk'iyi,Ni ngombwa guhita uhamagara 1990 (serivisi y’imbangukiragutabara yo muri Sri Lanka) cyangwa ukajya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi cya hafi:

• Ibitekerezo ku rupfu cyangwa kwiyahura.
• Ibitekerezo cyangwa imigambi yo kwigirira nabi cyangwa kugirira nabi abandi.
• Kubona ibintu bitagaragara neza no kwibeshya.
• Ibimenyetso by'uburozi bwa lithium/kurenze urugero , nko kugira isesemi ikomeye no kuruka, guhindagura cyane kw'intoki, urujijo, no guhindura amaso.

Amaherezo, ibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Indwara ya Bipolar ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose. Ariko ubuvuzi bw'igihe kirekire, nko gukoresha imiti no kuvuga, bushobora kugufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe no kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bufite intego. Ni ngombwa guhura n'itsinda ry'abaganga buri gihe kugira ngo bakurikirane gahunda yawe yo kuvura n'ibimenyetso. Wibuke ko abaganga bawe n'abakunzi bawe bahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha.

Bipolar , ihungabana ry'amarangamutima, mania, ihungabana, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibibazo by'amarangamutima, uburyo bwo kuvura