Ese wigeze ubona uduce tw’ibihumyo by’umukara cyangwa icyatsi cyijimye bikura ahantu hatose mu rugo rwawe—wenda ku rukuta, mu mfuruka y’ubwiherero bwawe, cyangwa hafi y’idirishya? Nubwo byoroshye kwirengagiza, abantu benshi bagira impungenge iyo bumvise ijambo “ibihumyo by’umukara.” Ese koko ni bibi? Bigira izihe ngaruka ku buzima bwawe? Uyu munsi, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, busobanutse kandi buhumuriza.
Ibara ry'umukara ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ifu y'umukara ni ubwoko bw'ibihumyo. Isa cyane n'ifu y'umugati ishaje, ariko ikunze kugaragara mu ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyangwa umukara. Nubwo hari amoko menshi, ijambo "ifu y'umukara" rikunze kuvuga ubwoko bwihariye bwitwa Stachybotrys chartarum (S. chartarum) .
Iyi fungus ikunda gukoreshwa mu bikoresho birimo selulosi . Ushobora kwibaza icyo ari cyo—selulosi ni ikintu karemano kiboneka mu mpapuro, mu biti no mu byuma bikonjesha. Tekereza ko ari fibre iboneka mu mbuto n'imboga.
Kugira ngo ibihumyo by'umukara bikure, bisaba cyane cyane ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe . Niyo mpamvu ukunze kubisanga ahantu hakunze kugaragara ubushuhe, nko ahantu hangiritse n'amazi, mu bwiherero, mu byumba byo munsi y'ubutaka, no hafi y'amadirishya.
Ariko, nyamuneka wibuke ibi: Ku bantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza, ibihumyo by'umukara ntibitera indwara zikomeye cyangwa indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Nta mpamvu yo kugira ubwoba butari ngombwa.
Ese ibihumyo by'umukara bishobora kugutera kurwara? Bigira ingaruka mbi zingana iki?
Yego, ibihumyo by'umukara bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri bamwe. Cyane cyane niba ufite allergie isanzwe iterwa n'ibihumyo, bishobora gutera ikibazo.
Ibihumyo by'umukara birekura utuntu duto twitwa spores mu kirere. Bikora kandi imiti izwi nka 'microbial volatable organic compounds' (mVOCs) - impumuro idasanzwe "iterwa n'ibi bihumyo" mu by'ukuri iterwa n'ibi bihumyo by'umubiri. Niba ufite ubwivumbure, ibi bihumyo cyangwa mVOCs bishobora gutera ibimenyetso uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bubyitwaramo, bigatera kubyimba mu mazuru, mu maso, cyangwa mu bihaha. Ndetse no ku bantu badafite ubwivumbure, guhura n'ibi bihumyo byinshi bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ububabare.
Byongeye kandi, niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bwangiritse (bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri), kwandura ibihumyo by'umukara bishobora gutera indwara y'ibihumyo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero cyangwa ahandi hantu, izwi nka mycosis .
Ariko, ibihumyo by'umukara ntabwo biteye akaga cyane kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'ibihumyo bisanzwe. Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ibihumyo bushobora gutera umubabaro ku bantu babifiteho ingaruka mbi.
Bigutera vuba gute, kandi ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye?
Uko ubyitwaramo iyo urwaye ibihumyo by'umukara biterwa gusa n'uburyo ubyiyumvamo cyangwa urwego rw'ubwivumbure. Abantu bose baratandukanye, bityo ubunararibonye bwawe bushobora gutandukana n'ubw'abandi.
- Iyo ufite ubwivumbure, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ako kanya iyo uhumeka utubuto.
- Niba udafite ubwivumbure, ushobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato, cyangwa bigatwara igihe kinini kugira ngo ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose bugaragare.
Nubwo ibihumyo by'umukara bishobora gutera uburibwe ku muntu uwo ari we wese, amatsinda akurikira ashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye kurushaho:
- Abafite amateka y'ubwivumbure ku giti cyabo cyangwa mu muryango wabo.
- Abantu bafite ibibazo by'ubuhumekero nka asima cyangwa COPD ( Indwara y'ibihaha idakira ) .
- Abantu bakunze guhura n’ahantu harangwa n’ubushuhe bwinshi n’umwuka mubi mu rugo cyangwa ku kazi.
- Abantu bafiteubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka .
Bigenda bite iyo uhumeka ibihumyo by'umukara? Ni ibihe bimenyetso?
Iyo ufite allergie, guhumeka utubuto tw’umukara bitera allergie. Umubiri wawe ugaragaza utu tubuto nk’ “udusimba” maze ugatangira kutwirwanya.
Iyo uhuye n’iyi ndwara bwa mbere, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwawe bukora ubudahangarwa bwihariye bwitwa Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . Utu dusimba twa IgE duhambira ku turemangingo turimo histamine (uturemangingo twa mast), tuba mu mazuru yawe, ku ruhu, mu nzira y’igifu, no mu nzira y’ubuhumekero. Iyo wongeye guhura n’iyi ndwara, utwo turemangingo tw’ubuhumekero dusohora histamine n’ibindi bintu, ari na byo bitera ibimenyetso by’ubwivumbure ako kanya - akenshi mu masegonda make. Indi miti ishobora gutera ububyimbirwe bukabije.
Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by’ibihumyo by’umukara birimo:
- Kwitsamura
- Inkorora
- Kuziba izuru
- Gutonyanga kw'izuru nyuma yo kuzuru
- Amaso atukura, arakaye
Kugaragara muri iyi ndwara bishobora kongera ibimenyetso bya asima , urugero:
- Guhumeka
- Guhumeka bigoranye (dyspnea)
- Inkorora yumye no gufunga igituza
Ese ibihumyo by'umukara bitera AIPH ku bana bato?
Oya. Nta gihamya cya siyansi kigaragaza ko kwibasirwa n'ibihumyo by'umukara bitera 'Acute Idiopathic Pulmonary Variety' (AIPH) mu bana bato. AIPH ni indwara idakunze kugaragara iterwa no kuva amaraso mu bihaha. Byongeye kandi, ibivugwa ko ibihumyo bifitanye isano no gutakaza kwibuka, kuva amaraso kenshi mu mazuru, kubabara umubiri, cyangwa ibibazo byo mu mutwe ntibishyigikiwe n'ibimenyetso. Nyamuneka ntugahangayikishwe n'ibi bivugwa bitari ngombwa.
Ni gute ibihumyo by'umukara bikura kandi bigakwirakwira?
Ibihumyo by'umukara ni kimwe mu bigize ibidukikije karemano. Biboneka ahantu henshi hanze. Niba urugo rwawe rufite imiterere ikwiye, rushobora no gukurira mu nzu—ubusanzwe mu bwiherero, mu byumba byo munsi y'ubutaka, mu byumba byo kumeseramo imyenda, cyangwa ahantu hari amazi atemba. Kugira ngo bimere neza, bisaba:
- Ubushuhe
- Ogisijeni
- Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 40 na 100 (dogere selisiyusi 4.4 kugeza 38)
- Isoko ya selulosi (urugero: drywall, impapuro, imbaho)
Udukoko duto tw’ibihumyo by’umukara tuba ahantu hose mu kirere. Twinjira mu nzu yawe tunyuze mu madirishya, inzugi, n’uburyo bwo guhumeka, cyangwa tukajya mu myenda yawe n’amatungo yawe. Iyo utwo dukoko tuguye ahantu hatose, dutangira gukura kugeza igihe tugaragara n’amaso.
Wamenya ute ko ufite allergie y'ibihumyo by'umukara? (Isuzuma)
Niba ukeka ko ufite ubwivumbure ku bihumyo by'umukara, ugomba kugisha inama umuganga w'indwara ziterwa n'ubwivumbure kugira ngo abyemeze. Bakurikije ibimenyetso byawe, bashobora kukugira inama yo gupimwa byihariye.
Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa?
- Ikizamini cyo gukomeretsa uruhu: Muri iki kizamini, uruhu rwawe rugira akantu gato k’umukara katera ubwivumbure, akenshi bitewe n’udusimba tworoshye ku kuboko cyangwa mu mugongo. Niba ufite ubwivumbure, hagaragara agahu gato gatukura, gashyuha (amagufwa) mu minota 15. Iki kizamini cyihuse gishobora gukorwa mu gihe kitarenze isaha imwe.
- Isuzuma ry'amaraso rya IgE: Dufata ingero nto y'amaraso kugira ngo dupime urugero rw'uturemangingo twa IgE umubiri wawe wakoze mu gihe cy'ibihumyo by'umukara. Ibisubizo akenshi bifata icyumweru kimwe. Wibuke ko ibi bizamini rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutanga ibisubizo bitari byo, bivuze ko bishobora kugaragaza ko umuntu afite allergie nubwo yaba adahari.
Ubwivumbure bw'ibihumyo by'umukara buvurwa bute?
Nubwo aleriji y'ibihumyo by'umukara idashobora gukira burundu, ushobora kwihanganira neza ibimenyetso byawe .
Intambwe y'ingenzi ni ukwirinda kwandura ibihumyo by'umukaraNiba ufite amazi yamenetse mu rugo, hita uyasana. Kuraho ibintu byose byahindutse ibihumyo.
Kugira ngo ugabanye ibimenyetso byawe, ushobora gutekereza ku bintu bikurikira:
- Kuhira amazuru: Koza amazuru yawe ukoresheje umuti wa saline.
- Imiti igabanya ububabare: Imiti itangwa ku giciro cya muganga cyangwa imiti itangwa na muganga kugira ngo igabanye ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure.
- Imiti ya kortotikoside mu mazuru: Ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ububyimbirwe mu mazuru.
- Imiti yo kugabanya kubyimba kw'amazuru: Imiti yo kugabanya kuziba kw'amazuru (iyi igomba gukoreshwa gake kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa igihe kirekire).
- Ibinini bya Montelukast: Umuti rimwe na rimwe ukoreshwa mu kuvura allergie na asima.
- Udukoresho two guhumeka asima: Ku bafite ibimenyetso bya asima bifitanye isano.
Niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeje nubwo wavuwe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara ziterwa n’ubwivumbure bw’umubiri (allergy injections) .
Ese ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka bifasha mu gihe cy'ibihumyo by'umukara?
Ku rugero runaka. Imashini zisukura umwuka zishobora gufasha gukuraho udukoko tw’ibihumyo mu kirere , ariko ntizishobora gukuraho ibihumyo bikura ku buso nko ku nkuta cyangwa ku gisenge.
Ni gute wangiza ibihumyo by'umukara ako kanya?
Gukuraho ibihumyo mu rugo rwawe ntabwo byoroshye. Iyo ugerageje kubyikuraho ubwawe, uba ufite ibyago byo gusya ibihumyo, bigatuma bikwirakwira mu tundi duce tw'urugo rwawe. Uburyo bwiza ni ukubanza gukosora aho amazi yamenetse. Hanyuma, koresha imashini ifite akayunguruzo ka HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) kugira ngo ugabanye ibihumyo biri mu kirere, ufunge icyumba cyangiritse, kandi uhe akazi abakozi b'inzobere mu kuvura ibihumyo.
Ese ukeneye 'detox' nyuma yo guhura n'ibihumyo by'umukara?
Abantu benshi bemera ko ibihumyo bitera uburozi kwiyongera mu mubiri kandi ko ari ngombwa "gukuraho uburozi". Ariko, nta gihamya cy’abaganga kigaragaza ko uburozi bw’ibihumyo butera indwara mu mubiri w’umuntu zisaba "gukuraho uburozi." Uburyo bwiza ni ukwikura mu bihumyo gusa hanyuma ugashaka ubuvuzi ku bimenyetso byose ushobora kuba ufite.
Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kurwara allergie y'ibihumyo by'umukara? (Kwirinda)
Nubwo udashobora kwirinda burundu indwara y’ibihumyo, ushobora gufata izi ngamba kugira ngo wirinde ko ibihumyo byirabura byiyongera mu rugo rwawe :
- Gabanya ubushuhe mu rugo rwawe. Intego ni ukubugumana hagati ya 30% na 50%.
- Kosora amazi yose yavuye mu miyoboro, ku nkuta, cyangwa ku bisenge ako kanya.
- Kuraho kandi ujugunye ibintu nk'amatapi atose, amatapi, imyenda, amatafari yo mu gisenge, cyangwa amatafari yo mu gisenge adakama burundu.
- Koresha umuyaga usohora umwuka mu bwogero bwawe no mu gikoni.
- Menya neza ko sisitemu yawe ya HVAC ifite akayunguruzo k'umwuka keza cyane . Reba niba hari amazi yamenetse muri sisitemu kandi uyikoreshe buri gihe n'inzobere.
Wakora iki niba ufite allergie y'ibihumyo by'umukara?
Udukoko tw’ibihumyo turi ahantu hose mu bidukikije, bityo ntidushobora kwirindwa burundu. Iyo umaranye igihe ahantu hari ibihumyo, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso. Ariko, iyo ugabanyije ubushobozi bwo gukura kw’ibihumyo mu rugo rwawe, ushobora kugabanya cyane uburyo wahura nabyo . Ukoresheje imiti ikwiye, ushobora kugenzura ibimenyetso byawe. Hari igihe, ubuvuzi bw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bushobora no kugufasha kugera ku rwego rwo kutagaragaza ibimenyetso.
Niba ukeka ko ufite allergie y'umukara, gana muganga wawe w'ibanze cyangwa inzobere mu by'allergie kugira ngo wemeze ko ari indwara.
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Shaka muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bidashira by’uburwayi bw’ibihumyo by’umukara, cyane cyane niba bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi .
Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe?
- Wakwemeza ute ko mfite allergie y'umukara?
- Ni iyihe miti ya allergie ungira inama?
- Ingaruka mbi z'iyi miti ni izihe?
- Ese nkwiye gufata iyi miti buri munsi, cyangwa igihe ibimenyetso bigaragaye gusa?
- Niba mfite izindi ndwara, nazirwanya nte hamwe n'iyi allergie?
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ibihumyo by'umukara n'ibihumyo?
"Mildew" si ijambo rya siyansi rizwi neza. Bamwe barikoresha bavuga ibyangiritse ku buso biterwa n'ibihumyo, abandi bakavuga ubwoko bwihariye bw'ibihumyo.
Ibihumyo by'umukara ni ibihumyo bikura ahantu hashyushye kandi hatose. Udukoko twabyo dushobora gutera ubwivumbure mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, bigatera ibimenyetso nko gukorora, kwitsamura, kuziba izuru no gutukura amaso. Ariko, ni gake cyane bitera indwara zikomeye ku bantu benshi.
Niba ufite ibimenyetso, sura muganga wawe kugira ngo aguhe ibizamini bikwiye kandi aguhe gahunda yo kuvura inzobere.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo muri Nirogi Lanka
Dore ingingo z'ingenzi cyane zo kwibuka:
- Ibihumyo byirabura ni ibihumyo bikura ahantu hatose. Ntabwo bigira ingaruka kuri bose kimwe.
- Uba uri mu kaga gakomeye niba ufite ubwivumbure ku bihumyo. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kwitsamura, gukorora, kuziba kw'amaso cyangwa gutukura amaso.
- Ibihumyo by'umukara ntabwo biteye akaga kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'ibihumyo. Irinde ubwoba butari ngombwa.
- Gucunga ubushuhe bwo mu nzu no gukumira ko ibihumyo bikura ni ingenzi. Kosora imyanda kandi urebe neza ko umwuka uhumeka neza.
- Witondere mu gihe cyo gukuraho ibihumyo. Hitamo inzobere niba bishoboka.
- Shaka inama kwa muganga ku bimenyetso. Hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
- Nta "detox" yihariye ikenewe. Irinde ibidukikije gusa kandi uvure ibimenyetso ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga.
Turizera ko aya makuru ari ingirakamaro. Niba ufite ibibazo by'ibihumyo mu rugo, ntutinye—fata ingamba zikwiye kandi zigamije guhangana n'ibibazo.
Amagambo ahinnye: Ifu y'umukara, ubwoko bw'ifu, ibihumyo, ubwivumbure, ingaruka z'ubwivumbure, indwara z'ubuhumekero, ubushuhe bwo mu rugo, Stachybotrys chartarum, spores z'ifu, ubwivumbure bw'ifu
