Ese uzi uru rukuta rutangaje rurinda ubwonko? (Uruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko)

Tekereza ubwonko bwawe nk'igihome cy'agaciro gakomeye kandi cyumvikana. Kandi hari umurinzi w'irembo ugenzura buri kintu cyose cyinjira muri icyo gihome, akarinda ibintu bibi kwinjira no kwemerera ibintu byiza gusa kwinjira. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku murinzi w'irembo wihariye, cyangwa akayunguruzo, kaba mu mitsi ikikije ubwonko bwacu, karinda ubwonko. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita Umurinzi w'Ubwonko n'Amaraso (BBB).

Mu magambo make, uruzitiro rw'ubwonko n'amaraso (BBB) ​​ni iki?

Ibi si imbogamizi gusa. Mu by’ukuri, ni nk'uburinzi bw'ubwonko bwacu. Uru rukuta rurinda ruri imbere mu mitsi ikikije ubwonko. Inshingano yarwo nyamukuru ni ukurinda ibintu byangiza, mikorobe, n'ibindi bintu bidakenewe mu maraso kwinjira mu bwonko . Binagenzura uburyo intungamubiri na ogisijeni binjira mu bwonko neza ndetse no gukura imyanda mu bwonko.

Mu bindi bice by'umubiri wacu, uturemangingo two mu miyoboro y'amaraso yacu (twita utwo turemangingo "endothelium") tugira utwenge duto hagati yatwo. Ariko mu miyoboro y'amaraso yo mu bwonko, utwo turemangingo tuba dufatanye cyane, dufatanye, kandi nta myenge ihari. Ni nk'urukuta rukozwe mu gishishwa rudafite imyobo. Bityo, ndetse na molekile nini, cyangwa ibintu bishongeshwa mu mazi, ntibishobora kunyuramo byoroshye.

Ni iki gishobora kwinjira muri uru rukuta rw'umutekano?

Si ibintu byose bihagarara kuri uru rukuta. Hari ibintu bishobora kunyuramo.

• Molekile nto cyane: Molekile nto nka ogisijeni na dioxyde de carbone zishobora kunyura muri ibi byoroshye.
• Ishonga y'amavuta: Igice cyo hanze cy'utu turemangingo turinda gikozwe muri lipide, bityo ibintu bishonga y'amavuta bishobora kunyuramo byoroshye.

Tekereza ku mpamvu ibintu nk'inzoga, imiti igabanya ububabare, na kafeyine bigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwacu vuba cyane. Impamvu ni uko bishobora kunyura mu buryo bworoshye mu gice cy'ubwonko gihuza amaraso. Nanone, imiti myinshi, nk'imiti igabanya ubukana, imiti igabanya ububabare, n'imiti igabanya igicuri, yagenewe kwambuka iki gice ikagera mu bwonko.

Bivuze ko niba umuti ugomba kugira ingaruka ku bwonko, ugomba kuba ushobora kwambuka umupaka w’amaraso n’ubwonko.

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Ni ibihe bihe uru rukuta rw'ubwirinzi rushobora gucika intege?

Nubwo iyi nzitizi yo kurinda umubiri ikomeye cyane, rimwe na rimwe ishobora gucika intege cyangwa igatangira "gusohoka." Ibi biterwa ahanini no kubyimba.Ibi bishobora kubaho mu bihe nk'ibi. Iyo iyi nzitizi igabanutse, ibintu byangiza ubusanzwe bidashobora kwinjira mu bwonko bishobora kwinjira.

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma uruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko rugabanuka.

Ese hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibi bishobora kuba ikibazo?

Mu by’ukuri, nta bimenyetso bigaragara bigaragaza ikibazo kiri ku muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko. Ibyo tubona ni ibimenyetso by’indwara y’ibanze iyitera (urugero, indwara yo gucika intege mu bwonko cyangwa indwara ya Alzheimer). Nubwo nta buryo busobanutse bwo gupima imiterere y’iyi muyoboro, hari uburyo butandukanye burimo gusuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubushakashatsi.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo ubu bwirinzi bw'agaciro bukomeze gukomera?

Nubwo tudashobora kuvura indwara y’ubwonko iterwa n’amaraso mu buryo butaziguye, dushobora kwirinda ibintu bituma igabanuka. Ibyo bivuze ko kugira ubuzima bwiza ari cyo kintu cyiza cyo gukora.

• Gukomeza indyo yuzuye no kugira ibiro bizima: Ibintu nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, na cholesterol byangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu. Uku kwangirika gushobora no kugira ingaruka ku miyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kurwanya izi ndwara binyuze mu mirire myiza no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Ntukirengagize indwara zandura:Hari igihe, iyo indwara zo mu matwi, amaso cyangwa amenyo zidavuwe neza, mikorobe zishobora kunyura mu maraso zikagera mu bwonko. Rero, jya kwa muganga wawe vuba niba hari ubwandu ubwo ari bwo bwose hanyuma uhabwe ubuvuzi.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda: Gukomereka ku mutwe bishobora kwangiza uru rukuta. Kubwibyo, menya neza ko wambaye ingofero iyo utwaye igare cyangwa moto, kandi uzirike umukandara wawe w’intebe iyo utwaye imodoka.
• Gucunga neza indwara zawe zidakira: Niba ufite indwara nka diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa cholesterol, fata imiti muganga yakwandikiye neza kandi ku gihe. Nanone, jya kwa muganga ku gihe kugira ngo urebe uko umerewe.

Abaganga bakoresha bate ubwo bumenyi?

Ubumenyi ku bijyanye n'uruvange rw'amaraso n'ubwonko ni ingirakamaro cyane ku baganga n'abahanga mu bya siyansi. Ni ikibazo kandi ni amahirwe.

• Imbogamizi: Hari igihe umuti uvura kanseri yo mu bwonko cyangwa ubwandu udashobora kugera mu bwonko kubera iyi mbogamizi. Iyi mbogamizi itekereza ko umuti ari "mubi." Muri ibi bihe, uburyo bwihariye (nk'uburyo bwa "Trojan horse", burimo kwihambira ku yindi molecule) bukoreshwa kugira ngo umuti unyure muri iyo mbogamizi.
• Urugero: Indwara ya Parkinson ibaho iyo dopamine y’ibinyabutabire igabanutse mu bwonko. Nubwo dopamine yatangwa nk'umuti, ntishobora kwambuka uru rusobe ngo yinjire mu bwonko. Kubwibyo, abaganga batanga umuti witwa levodopa. Iyi levodopa ishobora kwambuka uru rusobe. Iyo imaze kwinjira mu bwonko, levodopa ihinduka dopamine. Ese iki si igitekerezo cyiza?

Ni ukuvuga ko hari imiti igenewe kurenga iyi mbogamizi. Indi miti igenewe kurenga iyi mbogamizi, kuko iyo umuti ugeze mu bwonko, ushobora gutera ingaruka mbi zitari ngombwa.