Ese wigeze utekereza ko ukoresheje ubufasha bumwe gusa, ushobora kurokora ubuzima bwose bw'umuntu urwaye indwara ikomeye nka leukemia? Ese ibyo ntibitangaje koko? Ni cyo gutanga uturemangingo tw'amaraso ari cyo. Kumva iri zina bishobora kumvikana nk'aho biteye ubwoba gato, kandi bishobora gusa nkaho ari ikintu gikomeye. Ariko uyu munsi turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.
Izi selile z'amaraso ni izihe?
Mu magambo make, uturemangingo tw’amaraso ni ubwoko bw’uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu. Ni ukuvuga ko utwo turemangingo dushobora kuba ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’uturemangingo umubiri ukeneye. Utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso tuvuga dushobora gukora ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi bw’uturemangingo mu maraso yacu: uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera, na plaquettes. Utwo turemangingo dusanzwe tuboneka mu musokoro w’amagufwa yacu.
Rero, iyo umuntu arwaye kanseri y'amaraso nka kanseri y'amaraso, ikibaho ni uko uruganda rukora uturemangingo mu musokoro w'amagufwa rucika intege. Ibyo bivuze ko aho kugira uturemangingo tuzima, havuka uturemangingo tudasanzwe kandi turwaye. Icyo gihe ni bwo hakenewe gutera uturemangingo tuzima.
Ni nde ukeneye guterwa uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo?
Hari indwara nyinshi aho ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kurokora ubuzima. Akenshi, izi ni indwara zifitanye isano n'amaraso n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukubiyemo gusenya umwongo w'igufwa ry'umurwayi wangiritse kandi urwaye, hanyuma ukawusimbuza uturemangingo twakuwe ku muntu muzima. Utwo turemangingo dushya dutangira gutura mu mwongo w'igufwa ry'umurwayi tugatangira gukora uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso.
Dore zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi zisaba ubu buvuzi:
- Leukemia: Kanseri y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru.
- Lymphoma: Kanseri y'urusobe rw'amaraso.
- Myeloma nyinshi: Kanseri y'uturemangingo twa plasma mu musemburo w'amagufwa.
- Anemia ya Aplastic: Indwara aho umwongo w'amagufwa udashobora gukora uturemangingo dushya.
- Anemia ya Sickle Cell: Indwara y'uruhererekane ituma imiterere y'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ihinduka.
- Izindi ndwara zitandukanye za myeloma n'umusemburo w'amagufwa.
Ni gute wahitamo 'ikikubereye neza'?
Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi kandi kigoye cyane muri iki gikorwa. Nk'uko ubwoko bw'amaraso buhura mu gutanga amaraso, gutanga uturemangingo fatizo bisaba guhuza neza kurushaho. Ibi byitwa guhuza HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) .
HLA ni ikimenyetso kiri ku buso bwa buri selile mu mubiri wacu. Ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bureba ibi bimenyetso kugira ngo bumenye niba 'iki ari igice cy'umubiri wacu' cyangwa 'iki ni ikintu kidasanzwe.' Ikimenyetso cya HLA cy'uwatanze n'uwakira kigomba kuba gisa uko bishoboka kose. Iyo bitabaye ibyo, umubiri w'umurwayi ushobora kwanga selile nshya zatewe, cyangwa se selile nshya zishobora kwibasira umubiri w'umurwayi.
Abaganga bashaka umukandida ukwiye muri uru rutonde:
1. Abo mu muryango wa hafi: Abavandimwe ni bo bashobora kuba inshuti nziza. Hashobora kandi kubaho imikoranire hagati y'ababyeyi n'abana.
2. Abaterankunga badafite isano: Iyo umuntu wo mu muryango atari uwo muhuje, uwo muhuje arashakishwa mu bitabo by’abaterankunga b’uturemangingo tw’umubiri hirya no hino ku isi.
3. Abatanga serivisi zo gutanga serivisi zo mu bwoko bwa Haploidentical: Hari igihe umuntu wo mu muryango (urugero, ababyeyi, abana) ugereranije neza n'abandi mu bimenyetso bya HLA ashobora gukoreshwa.
Ese nawe ushobora kuba umuntu utanga umusanzu? - Intambwe ku yindi y'igikorwa
Iyo umuntu ashaka gukora ikintu cyiza nk'iki, hari inzira ikwiye yo kugikoresha. Ibi byemeza umutekano w'utanga n'uwakira.
| Intambwe | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| 1. Kwiyandikisha | Ubwa mbere, ugomba kwinjira mu ifishi y’abaterankunga, aho wuzuza urutonde rw’ibibazo ku buzima bwawe hanyuma ukerekana ko ubyemera. |
| 2. Gupima HLA | Ikizamini kirakorwa kugira ngo umenye ubwoko bwa HLA yawe. Biroroshye cyane. Usukura imbere mu kanwa ukoresheje agahu gato k'ipamba hanyuma wohereza icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo kugira ngo gipimwe. |
| 3. Gushaka uwo muhuje | Niba ubwoko bwa HLA bwawe buhuye n'umurwayi, ikigo gishinzwe kwandika kizaguhamagara. Ibi bishobora gufata amezi, wenda imyaka. Cyangwa se ntibishobora kuba bihuye. |
| 4. Ibizamini byo kwemeza | Iyo habonetse ikintu gihuye, hafatwa ikizamini cy'amaraso kugira ngo hemezwe amakuru arambuye kandi ko bihuye. Hazakorwa isuzuma ryuzuye rya muganga kugira ngo harebwe ko ufite ubuzima bwiza. |
| 5. Kumenya no kwemera | Umujyanama azagusobanurira inzira yose, ingaruka zayo, n'ibindi byose. Hanyuma, uzahabwa uburenganzira bwawe busesuye. |
Ni nde utemerewe ibi?
Si buri wese ushobora gutanga uturemangingo fatizo. Imyaka n'uko ubuzima buhagaze ni byo bintu by'ingenzi. Muri rusange, abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza bari hagati y'imyaka 18-40 bashobora kwiyandikisha. Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma udashobora gutanga uturemangingo fatizo birimo:
- Kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA.
- Indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri nka rubagimpande ikomeye (urugero: rubagimpande).
- Kuba ufite amateka y'indwara z'umutima (indwara z'umutima, kubagwa bypass).
- Kuba naravuwe kanseri (cyane cyane mu myaka 5 ishize).
- Diyabete ikoresha insuline.
- Ubwandu bwa Hepatite B cyangwa C.
- Indwara ikomeye y'impyiko.
Uru rutonde ntabwo rurambuye. Niba ushishikajwe no gutanga impano ariko ukaba utazi neza niba ukwiriye kuyitanga, ni byiza kubivuganaho na muganga wawe.
Uburyo igikorwa cyo gusarura uturemangingo gikora
Iyo umaze kwemerwa nk'umuterankunga, uzahabwa urushinge rwa buri munsi iminsi mike mbere y'umunsi uturemangingo twawe tuzakusanywa. Uru rushinge rwitwa Filgrastim . Uru rushinge rutuma umwongo wawe urekura uturemangingo twinshi mu maraso yawe. Uru rushinge rushobora gutera ingaruka mbi nto, nko kubabara umubiri, umuriro muto, no kubabara umutwe. Ariko, ibi bizashira vuba nyuma yo guterwa urushinge.
Ku munsi wo gukusanya utugari, ibi ni byo bibaho:
1. Uzashyirwa mu ntebe cyangwa mu buriri bwiza.
2. Kanula (umuyoboro muto) izashyirwa mu mutsi mu maboko yawe yombi.
3. Ku ruhande rumwe, amaraso yawe ajya mu mashini. Iyi mashini itandukanya gusa uturemangingo tw’umubiri n’amaraso.
4. Nyuma yuko uturemangingo tw’umubiri dutandukanye, amaraso asigaye asubizwa mu mubiri wawe binyuze muri kanula iri mu kuboko kurundi.
Igikorwa cyose kimara amasaha 4-6. Bishobora gufata iminsi 2-3 kugira ngo hakusanywe umubare ukenewe w'uturemangingo. Ni nko gutanga amaraso, ariko bifata igihe kirekire.
Nta ngaruka zikomeye cyangwa ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho nyuma y'ubu buryo. Hari abantu bashobora kugabanuka gato k'urugero rwa kalisiyumu no kuribwa mu mitsi. Muri icyo gihe, itsinda ry'abaganga rizaguha ikinini cya kalisiyumu. Iyo impano irangiye, ushobora gukomeza imirimo yawe isanzwe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gutanga uturemangingo tw’amaraso ni igikorwa cyiza, nko gutanga ubuzima ku muntu urwaye indwara zikomeye nka kanseri y’amaraso.
- Ubu buryo ni bwiza cyane ku muntu utanga. Nta ngaruka mbi z'igihe kirekire zizaba ku mubiri wawe.
- Kugira ngo ube umuterankunga, ugomba kuba umuntu ufite ubuzima bwiza kandi wujuje amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi.
- Kubera ko guhuza utanga inkunga n'umurwayi biterwa n'ubwoko bwa HLA, bishobora kuba ikintu kidasanzwe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko abantu benshi biyandikisha nk'abatanga inkunga.
- Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri ubu buryo, vugana na muganga wawe kuri ubwo buryo. Azaguha ubuyobozi bukwiye.
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