Ese ufite ubwoba bwo gupimwa indwara y'umutima? Reka tumenye ibisobanuro birambuye!

Ese rimwe na rimwe wumva ububabare mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kumva uremereye iyo ugenda? Iyo ugiye kwa muganga wawe, ashobora kukubwira ko ugomba gukora ikizamini cyihariye kugira ngo urebe niba hari imitsi ifunganye itanga amaraso mu mutima wawe (ibyo twita imitsi y'umutima). Kimwe mu bizamini by'ingenzi bikorerwa muri ibyo bihe ni 'coronary angiogram'. Hari abantu bumva bafite ubwoba kandi bakagira ubwoba iyo bumvise iri zina. "Ese iki ni igikorwa gikomeye?", "Ese bizababaza cyane?" "Hari ibyago?" Hari ibibazo byinshi biza mu mutwe. Muri iyi nkuru rero, tuzavuga neza icyo ikizamini cya angiogram ari cyo, uko gikorwa, uko cyakwitegurwa, n'ibyo ukeneye kumenya byose kuri cyo.

Igipimo cy'umutima (coronary angiogram) ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, angiogram y'umutima ni ikizamini cyihariye cya X-ray gisuzuma uko amaraso atembera neza mu mitsi y'umutima wawe, imitsi y'amaraso y'ingenzi ijyana amaraso mu mitsi y'umutima wawe. Kimwe no kugenzura imodoka mu muhanda wo mu mujyi kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibiziba, ibiziba, cyangwa ibiziba, igenzura niba hari ibiziba cyangwa ibiziba mu mitsi y'amaraso y'umutima wawe.

Muri iki kizamini, irangi ryihariye, cyangwa ibara, rishyirwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso hanyuma hagafatwa amashusho menshi ya X-ray. Iri bara rituma imbere mu miyoboro y'amaraso hagaragara neza kuri X-ray. Ni nko kumurika itara mu cyumba cyijimye ukareba umuhanda. Ibi bituma muganga areba niba hari cholesterol yirundanyije mu miyoboro yawe y'amaraso (izwi nka atherosclerosis ) yagabanyije cyangwa yabujije amaraso gutembera neza. Ubwo bwoko bwo kuziba ni bwo butera indwara y'umutima nyuma.

Ni mu bihe ibihe muganga yagusaba gukora iki kizamini?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima iyi ndwara niba ufite imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi mpamvu zikurikira. Reka turebere hamwe izo ari zo.

Muganga azagusobanurira impamvu usabwa gukora iki kizamini. Baza ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite kuri cyo ako kanya.

Wakwitegura ute mbere yo gukora ikizamini?

Nubwo ibi atari ibintu bikomeye nko kubaga, bisaba kwitegura gato. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira birambuye. Ibi ni ibintu uzasabwa gukora ubusanzwe:

• Ibiryo n'ibinyobwa: Uzasabwa kutarya cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose uretse amazi mu gihe cy'amasaha agera ku munani mbere yo gupimwa.
• Imiti: Niba ufata imiti iyo ari yo yose nka imiti igabanya amaraso, imiti ya diyabete, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, cyangwa sildenafil, muganga wawe azabaza niba ukeneye kuyihagarika cyangwa guhindura ingano yayo mu minsi ibanziriza ikizamini. Ni ngombwa kumenyesha muganga wawe imiti yose ufata.
• Allergie: Niba warigeze kugira allergie ku bwoko bw'irangi ritandukanye cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare, menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe .
• Gutwita: Ugomba kandi kubwira muganga wawe niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gutwita.
• Ubwikorezi: Ntuzemererwa gutwara imodoka umunsi umwe nyuma y'ikizamini. Kubwibyo, niba ugiye gutaha uwo munsi, ni ngombwa gutegura umuntu uzagutwara.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gupima angiogram?

Iki ni cyo kibazo gikomeye abantu bose bibaza. "Ni iki kirimo kuba imbere?" Tekereza, iki ni ikintu cyateguwe neza kandi gikozwe neza. Reka turebe uko bigenda intambwe ku yindi.

1. Kwitegura: Ubwa mbere, uzahabwa ikanzu yo kwa muganga hanyuma usabwe kuryama ku gitanda cyihariye mu cyumba cyo gupimiramo.

2. Gutuza: Hanyuma umuyoboro wa IV (cannula) ushyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe, hanyuma ugahabwa umuti wo kuruhuka. Ibi bizagufasha kuruhuka no gukuraho ubwoba n'imihangayiko. Ariko ntuzatakaza ubwenge, uzaba ufite ubwenge buhagije bwo kumva ibyo abaganga bavuga, gukorora gato iyo bakubwiye, no guhagarika umwuka wawe.

3. Gukurikirana umutima: Udupapuro twa ECG dushyirwa ku gituza cyawe kandi umutima wawe utera neza mu gihe cyose cyo gupima.

4. Kubabara: Hanyuma, muganga azahitamo gushyira umuyoboro muto mu mitsi y'amaraso iri mu kibuno cyawe cyangwa mu kuboko kwawe. Aho hantu hazashyirwamo umuti ugabanya ububabare. Bityo ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose. Ariko, ushobora kumva ubabara buhoro buhoro mu gihe muganga akora.

5. Gushyiramo katheta: Nyuma yo gusinziriza, umuyoboro muto cyane kandi woroshye witwa katheta , unyura mu mitsi y'amaraso yatoranijwe.

6. Urugendo rugana ku mutima: Umuganga w’umutima areba ecran ya X-ray maze akayobora iyi catheter neza cyane mu mitsi yawe y’amaraso ikagera mu mitsi y’umutima iri mu mutima wawe.

7. X-ray n'irangi: Iyo catheter imaze gushyirwaho, irangi ryihariye rishyirwa mu mitsi binyuze muri catheter. Iyo irangi rishyizwemo, ushobora kumva ubushyuhe buto cyangwa ubushyuhe mu masegonda make. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibikwiye gutera ubwoba. Iyo irangi rinyujijwe mu mitsi, imashini ya X-ray (izwi nka fluoroscopy ) izazenguruka ikagufata amafoto.

8. Kumenya aho imitsi ifunga: Kubera ko irangi rituma imbere mu mitsi y'amaraso hagaragara neza kuri X-ray, muganga ashobora kureba neza niba imitsi yazibye, yagabanutse, cyangwa ibuza amaraso gutembera bitewe n'ibintu nka cholesterol n'ibinure.

Ubusanzwe, iki gikorwa cyose gishobora gufata iminota iri hagati ya 30 na 50.

Ese nshobora kuvurwa mu gihe cyo gupimwa?

Yego. Hari igihe, iyo muganga abonye ikintu kizibye, ashobora kugikemura ako kanya. Ipuleti yoherezwa aho ikizibye ikazamuka kugira ngo imitsi igere neza ( angioplasty ). Hanyuma agakoresho gato kameze nk'umuyoboro ( stent ) gashyirwa muri ako gace kugira ngo imitsi ikomeze kugabanuka. Ariko ibi si ko bikorwa buri gihe. Hari igihe muganga ashobora gufata icyemezo cy'uko ari byiza kongera kuvura nyuma.

Bigenda bite nyuma y'ikizamini?

Iyo ikizamini kirangiye, muganga azakuraho catheter. Hanyuma, kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike, bazashyira igitutu n'igitambaro aho catheter yashyizwe. Abantu benshi bashobora gutaha mu masaha make nyuma y'ikizamini, ndetse no kuri uwo munsi. Ariko, niba ikizamini kigoye cyangwa kikozwe ku manywa, ushobora gukenera kurara mu bitaro muri iryo joro.

Ushobora kumva unaniwe gato nyuma yo gutaha. Aho katheteri yashyizwe hashobora kuba hari ububabare gato kandi hakomeretse mu gihe kingana n'icyumweru. Muganga wawe azakugira inama yo kuruhuka no kwirinda gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri myinshi mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho muri ibi?

Nkuko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, hari ingaruka nke. Ariko ibuka ko ingorane zikomeye zikunze kubaho. Cyane cyane iyo ikizamini gikorerwa mu bitaro birimo abaganga b'inararibonye bakora iki kizamini buri gihe.

Ni nde ushobora kuba afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara?

• Ku bantu barengeje imyaka 65
• Ku barwaye diyabete
• Ku bafite indwara z'impyiko

Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye n'izi ngaruka, vugana na muganga wawe mbere yo gupimwa kandi umenye neza.

Namenya nte ibisubizo by'ikizamini?

Kenshi na kenshi, muganga wawe azakubwira ibisubizo ikizamini kikimara kurangira.

• Ibisubizo bisanzwe: Ibi bivuze ko nta mitsi y'umutima ifunganye kandi ko amaraso atembera neza. Niba ari uko bimeze, impamvu y'ibimenyetso byawe ishobora kuba ikindi kintu.
• Ibisubizo bidasanzwe: Ibi bivuze ko hari kuziba cyangwa kugabanuka k'umutsi umwe cyangwa myinshi. Muganga azagusobanurira neza umutsi uziba, aho uri, n'ubukana bw'uko kuziba kwawo. Bishobora kugaragazwa nk'ijanisha (urugero, 70% by'uko waziba).

Niba ibisubizo bidasanzwe, ni iki ukurikizaho?

Iyo habayeho kuziba, muganga wawe azagusobanurira uburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Angioplasty na stent
• Gutangira imiti
• Guhindura imibereho, nko guhindura indyo yawe no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kubaga indwara yo mu mitsi ifata inzira (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - CABG)

Urashaka kongera kubonana na muganga saa ngahe?

Umaze gutaha, reba aho catheter yashyizwe. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.

• Iyo habayeho kuva amaraso menshi muri ako gace
• Iyo kubyimba kwiyongera
• Niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, nko guhindura ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa amashyira
• Niba wumva ufite ikibazo cyo gutembera kw'amaraso mu maboko cyangwa amaguru

Ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba iyo ubwiwe ko ukeneye angiogram. Ariko ibuka ko amakuru ari muri iki kizamini azafasha muganga wawe kumenya neza uko umutima wawe umeze no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye. Bityo rero vugana na muganga wawe ku bibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite kuri ibi. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

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