Ese wumva unaniwe igihe cyose? Ese ufite umunwa wumye? Cyangwa ukeneye kunyara kenshi? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya diyabete. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri iyi ndwara yitwa Diabete Mellitus, abantu benshi batinya, uburyo bwo kuyisuzuma, n'uburyo bwo kuyivura mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Namenya nte ko mfite diyabete?
Niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera diyabete, cyangwa inkari zawe zigaragaza isukari nyinshi, muganga wawe ashobora gukeka ko urwaye diyabete. Muri make, iyo imisemburo ya insuline ikorwa na pancreas mu mubiri wacu igabanutse (Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1) cyangwa niba umubiri udakira insuline neza (Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2), urugero rw'isukari mu maraso, ni ukuvuga isukari yo mu maraso, ruriyongera.
Hariho ibizamini byinshi by'ingenzi kugira ngo byemezwe ko indwara yanduye. Ubusanzwe, iyo muganga asanze igipimo kimwe kiri hejuru, amubwira ko ikizamini gisubirwamo kugira ngo cyemeze.
| Izina ry'ikizamini | Uko wabikora | Igipimo cy'uko umuntu akekwaho diyabete |
|---|---|---|
| Kwiyiriza ubusa isukari mu maraso (FBS) | Gusuzuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso mu gitondo mbere yo kurya ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. | Niba ari 126 mg/dL cyangwa irenga. |
| Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa (OGTT) | Nywa ikinyobwa kirimo isukari kandi urebe isukari mu maraso yawe buri minota 30-60 mu gihe cy'amasaha 3. | Niba 200 mg/dL cyangwa irenga nyuma y'amasaha 2. |
| Ikizamini cya HbA1c (Ikizamini cya A1c) | Isuzuma ryoroheje ry'amaraso rigaragaza ikigereranyo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe mu mezi 2-3 ashize. | Niba ari 6.5% cyangwa irenga. |
Byongeye kandi, rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora no gutegeka ikizamini cyitwa Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibody (ZnT8Ab). Iki kizamini cy'amaraso gishobora gufasha kumenya niba umuntu afite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 cyangwa ubundi bwoko. Iyo umuntu asuzumye indwara hakiri kare kandi neza, ubuvuzi bukwiye bushobora gutangira vuba.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura diyabete?
Diyabete si indwara ushobora kuvura wenyine. Ni indwara ikomeye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gutegura gahunda yo kuvura uyobowe na muganga.
Muganga wawe azashyiraho gahunda yo kuvura ikubereye kandi ushobora gusobanukirwa. Ushobora gukenera ubufasha bw'abandi bahanga mu by'ubuzima mu gihe cyose ugiye kubikora. Urugero, ushobora gukenera ubufasha bw'umuganga w'ibirenge, inzobere mu mirire, umuganga w'amaso, n'inzobere mu by'indwara z'imitsi.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura diyabete ni uruvange rw'imiti, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'indyo kugira ngo urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe rugume mu rugero rwagenwe na muganga wawe. Kwitondera ibyo urya n'igihe urya, ushobora kugabanya ukwiyongera gutunguranye kw'urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe (ingaruka mbi). Ibi bishobora gufasha kugabanya gukenera guhindura imiti yawe, cyane cyane urugero rwa insuline, uko bikenewe kose.
Imiti ya Diyabete
Uburyo bwo kuvura Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1
Niba urwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, pancreas yawe ntiyongera gukora insuline ukeneye kugira ngo ukore ingufu. Bityo rero ugomba kubona insuline iturutse hanze, haba binyuze mu gutera inshinge cyangwa ipompo ya insuline . Nubwo kwitera inshinge bishobora gusa nkaho biteye ubwoba mu ntangiriro, ntabwo bigoye nkuko wabitekereza.
Hari abantu bakoresha igikoresho cya mudasobwa cyitwa ipompo ya insuline, gisohora insuline mu mubiri mu gihe gikwiye kandi mu rugero rukwiye.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa insuline buri gukoreshwa muri iki gihe.
| Ubwoko bwa insuline | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ikora vuba | Igira ingaruka mu minota mike kandi imara amasaha 2-4. |
| Igihe gito (Gisanzwe cyangwa Gito) | Igira ingaruka mu minota 30 kandi imara amasaha 3-6. |
| Ikoranabuhanga ry'igihe kiri hagati | Igira ingaruka mu masaha 1-2 kandi imara amasaha 18. |
| Ikora igihe kirekire | Igira ingaruka mu masaha 1-2 kandi imara amasaha arenga 24. |
| Ikora igihe kirekire cyane | Igira ingaruka mu masaha 1-2 kandi imara amasaha 42. |
Uburyo bwo kuvura Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2
Hari abantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bashobora kurwanya indwara zabo bakoresheje indyo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri gusa. Abandi bakeneye ibinini cyangwa inshinge za insuline. Iyi miti ikora mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo isukari yo mu maraso igaruke ku rugero rusanzwe.
- Imiti yongera umusaruro wa insuline uterwa na pancreas: Ingero: glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide.
- Imiti igabanya kwinjiza isukari mu biribwa: Urugero: acarbose (Precose).
- Imiti ifasha umubiri gukoresha insuline neza: Ingero: pioglitazone (Actos).
- Imiti igabanya umusaruro w'isukari uterwa n'umwijima kandi ikagabanya ubudahangarwa bwa insuline: Urugero: metformin (Glucophage). Metformin inafasha mu kugenzura isukari kuko ifasha mu kugabanya ibiro.
- Imiti ibuza impyiko kongera kwinjiza isukari no kongera isohoka ryayo mu nkari (SGLT2 inhibitors): Urugero: canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (Farxiga). Iyi miti kandi ifite inyungu ziyongera nko kugabanya ibiro no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
Icy'ingenzi ni ugufata umuti muganga wawe yakwandikiye, mu gipimo gikwiye, mu gihe gikwiye . Ntukigere ukoresha umuti w'undi muntu cyangwa ngo ureke kuwufata utabanje kugisha inama muganga.
Ni iyihe ndyo ikwiye gukoreshwa ku bantu barwaye diyabete?
Indyo yuzuye ni ingenzi ku muntu urwaye diyabete. Bityo rero vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu mirire kugira ngo ushyireho gahunda y'ifunguro ikubereye.
- Amafunguro n'igihe: Niba urwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ingano ya insuline ufata izaterwa n'ibikorwa byawe n'imirire yawe. Bityo ibyo urya, ingano urya, n'igihe urya nabyo ni ingenzi. Akenshi ni byiza kurya amafunguro atatu y'ingenzi n'udushya dutatu cyangwa tune.
- Itegeko ry'isahani: Gerageza kuzuza kimwe cya kabiri cy'isahani yawe imboga zidafite ibinure byinshi (urugero: broccoli, karoti, concombre, amashu, inyanya, ibishyimbo).
- Itondere ibinyasukari: Kumenya umubare w'ibinyasukari ukeneye n'ingano y'ibinyasukari urya ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura isukari mu maraso. Hitamo ibinyampeke byuzuye (urugero: umuceri w'umukara, umuceri w'umukara, ingano, sayiri).
- Amavuta na poroteyine: Gabanya ibinure byuzuye. Kuraho burundu ibinure bya trans. Hitamo inyama zitarimo ibinure byinshi, amafi, imbuto z'ubunyobwa, n'ibikomoka ku mata birimo ibinure bike.
Akamaro ko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
Imyitozo ngororamubiri ni inkingi ikomeye mu kuvura diyabete. Ariko ugomba kuvugana na muganga mbere yo gutangira gahunda iyo ari yo yose yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri . Imyitozo ngororamubiri irushaho kunoza uburyo umubiri wawe ukoresha insuline kandi ikagabanya urugero rw'isukari mu maraso.
- Irinde hypoglycemia: Suzuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe mu gihe kingana n'igice cy'isaha mbere yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri hanyuma urye akantu gato karimo karubohidrati nibiba ngombwa. Niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'isukari nke mu maraso (kuzunguruka, kubira ibyuya, kunyeganyega) mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, hagarika imyitozo ngororamubiri hanyuma uhite urya ikintu giryoshye (urugero: ikiyiko cy'isukari, isukari nkeya).
- Ugomba gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ingana iki?: Ni byiza gukora nibura iminota 150 y'imyitozo ngororamubiri iringaniye, nko kugenda n'amaguru vuba, buri cyumweru. Tangira gato kandi wongere igihe buhoro buhoro.
Izi mpinduka mu mibereho ni ngombwa.
Irinde kunywa itabi.
Reka iyi ngeso uyu munsi. Nunywa itabi, bizakugora cyane kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Kandi ibyago byawe byo kurwara diyabete (indwara z'umutima, indwara z'impyiko, kwangirika kw'imitsi, ubuhumyi) biri hejuru cyane.
Gabanya inzoga.
Iyo ufashe imiti ya insuline cyangwa ibinini bimwe na bimwe bya diyabete, kunywa inzoga bishobora gutuma isukari mu maraso yawe igabanuka cyane. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo unyoye inzoga, umwijima wawe uba ukora akazi ko gukuraho inzoga aho kugenzura isukari mu maraso yawe.
Gabanya stress.
Guhangayika bishobora kongera urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, bityo shaka uburyo bwo kuruhuka. Ibintu nko gutekereza cyane, yoga, no kumarana umwanya n'inshuti bishobora kugufasha.
Wite ku menyo yawe n'ishinya.
Diyabete ishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ishinya, bityo rero oza amenyo yawe neza kandi ukayasukura buri munsi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Nubwo diyabete ari indwara ikomeye, iyo yivuwe neza, birashoboka kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.
- Kurikiza gahunda yo kuvura ya muganga wawe neza. Ntukigere uhindura cyangwa ngo uhagarike imiti yawe wenyine.
- Inkingi eshatu z'imirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'imiti ni byo shingiro ry'imiti igabanya diyabete.
- Ni ngombwa cyane kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe.
- Irinde burundu ingeso mbi nko kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi.
- Menya neza ko wabanje kugisha inama muganga wawe mbere yo gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kuvura cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.