Ese hari igihe wumva utari wowe ubwawe? Ese iyi ni indwara y'imico myinshi? (Dissociative Identity Disorder - DID)

Ese wigeze wumva udafite ububasha ku byo wavuze cyangwa wakoze, cyangwa ko utari wowe ubwawe? Cyangwa se, wigeze wibagirwa ibyo wavuze cyangwa wakoze, maze ugatungurwa n'uko abandi babivuga? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara yo mu mutwe igoye, ariko ikomeye cyane, abantu benshi batazi. Iyi ni yo twita indwara y'imico myinshi, cyangwa `(Dissociative Identity Disorder - DID)` mu buvuzi. Yahoze yitwa `(Multiple Personality Disorder)`.

Iyi ndwara y’imiterere myinshi (DID) ni iyihe?

Mu magambo make, `(Dissociative Identity Disorder - DID)` ni indwara yo mu mutwe aho wumva cyangwa ugakora nk'aho ufite indi mico imwe cyangwa nyinshi mu mutwe wawe no ku mubiri wawe uretse wowe ubwawe. Tekereza nk'aho ufite abantu benshi batandukanye baba mu mubiri wawe. Ijambo ``Dissociate`` risobanura ``gutandukana`` cyangwa ``gutandukana``` .

Umuntu ufite iyi ndwara ashobora kugira imico itandukanye (ibyo abaganga bita "abahindura"). Buri "bahindura" cyangwa imico, ishobora kugira imyitwarire yayo yihariye, ibyo yibuka, uburyo bwo gutekereza, uburyo bwo kuvuga, ibyo akunda n'ibyo yanga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'imyaka n'igitsina. Hari igihe iyi mico ishobora kwitwara nk'abantu b'amoko atandukanye kandi igakorana n'aho batuye mu buryo butandukanye.

Izi mico zitandukanye zishobora kugenzura imyitwarire yawe mu bihe bitandukanye. Ikintu kibi cyane ni uko kwibuka bitimurwa kuva ku mico imwe ujya ku yindi. Ibi bishobora gutera kubura kwibuka cyangwa kubura kwibuka (amnesia) . Uku kubura kwibuka ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi abaganga bitaho iyo basuzuma iyi ndwara.

DID ishobora kuba indwara ikomeye ishobora kubangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora ibintu mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire yawe n'umuryango wawe n'inshuti, ku ishuri, no ku kazi kawe. DID ni indwara ikomoka ku itsinda ry'indwara zo mu mutwe zitwa dissociative disorders. Izi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo guhuza n'ukuri.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'izi DID?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa `DID`:

1. Uburyo bwo gutunga: Ibi bibaho iyo umuntu wo hanze cyangwa umwuka ufata umubiri wawe maze abandi bakabona ko wafashwe. Uhita utangira kuvuga no kwitwara mu buryo butandukanye, ibyo bikaba bigaragara ku bandi. Iyi ni impinduka mu miterere y'umuntu udashaka, kandi impinduka mu miterere y'umuntu ziba nta bushobozi bwawe. Ibi ntibikwiye kwitiranywa no 'kutemera' nk'uko bimwe mu myemerere yacu y'umuco yerekeza. DID ni indwara yo mu mutwe.

2. Ifishi yo kutagutunga:Muri iki gihe, impinduka mu miterere y'umuntu ntizigaragara cyane ku bandi. Ushobora kumva impinduka mu buryo butunguranye mu miterere yawe. Bishobora gutuma wumva urimo kurebwa muri filime (`(uburambe bw'umubiri)`), kandi ushobora kumva ko udashobora kugenzura imvugo yawe, amarangamutima yawe, n'imyitwarire yawe.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko igitekerezo cyo 'gutunga' ari imyizerere isanzwe mu mico n'amadini atandukanye hirya no hino ku isi. Ariko, iyo migenzo y'umwuka ikorwa ku bushake ntaho ihuriye na 'DID'.

DID ikunze kugaragara gute?

DID si indwara ikunze kugaragara . Ubushakashatsi buto bwakorewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwagaragaje ko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage bagera kuri 1.5%. Ariko, iki kigereranyo gishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ibipimo bishya byo gusuzuma (Inyandiko y'Isuzuma n'Ibarurishamibare ry'Indwara zo mu Mutwe, Igitabo cya 5 - DSM-5)).

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya DID?

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bya `DID` ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira nibura imico ibiri itandukanye (imiterere y'imico). Ibi bigira ingaruka ku myitwarire yawe, kwibuka kwawe, uko wibona, n'uko utekereza.
• Gutakaza kwibuka (kubura ubwenge) cyangwa icyuho mu kwibuka ibintu bya buri munsi, amakuru bwite, n'ibintu bibabaza. Hari igihe ushobora kutibuka ibintu amasaha cyangwa iminsi.
• Ingorane mu mibanire yawe n'abandi, ku kazi, mu mirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa mu ishuri bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye.

Byongeye kandi, ibibazo bikurikira by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bishobora kugaragara rimwe na rimwe (ariko si buri gihe) kuri DID:

• Guhangayika
• Kwibeshya - kwemera ibintu bitari ukuri.
• Ihungabana
• Kwiyangiza
• Indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
• Igitekerezo cyo kwiyahura

Umuntu urwaye DID yumva ameze ate?

Niba waragize `DID`, ushobora kumva cyangwa guhura n'ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kumva udahuje n'ukuri, amarangamutima yawe, n'uko wumva "jyewe".
• Kurogotwa n'ibyo abandi bavuga ku myitwarire yawe. (Urugero, iyo umuntu avuze ati "Wabivuze ejo," ushobora kutabyibuka na gato.)
• Kumva ubabaye kubera icyuho kiri mu kwibuka kwawe .
• Kumva mfite igitutu kinini cyo kudashobora kugenzura ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
• Ni nk'aho uri kurebwa inyuma, wumva umeze nk'umuntu ureba inyuma .

Mu magambo make, iyo wagize "DID" ntukumva ko uri "we ubwawe". Ibi bishobora kumera ukundi kuri buri muntu. Niba wumva ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza, niba ibyo wanyuzemo n'ibyo wibuka bitajyanye, jya kwa muganga ubiganireho.

Ese birashoboka ko umuntu atazi ko YARABIZE?

Yego, ibyo birashoboka.Nubwo hari abantu bazi imico yabo myinshi, benshi ntibazi igihe imico mishya igaragara ikayigarurira. Iyo imico mishya igaragaye, ushobora kutibuka ibintu bimwe na bimwe kuko ibyo bintu byabayeho n'indi mico itandukanye. Ibi nibyo bitera kwibagirwa, cyangwa "kubura ubwenge".

Ni izihe mpamvu za DID?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya DID ifatwa nk'ibintu bikomeye kandi bibabaza byabayeho mu bwana. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ibintu biguhangayikishije
• Ihungabana
• Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, ku gitsina cyangwa mu mutwe (Ihohoterwa)
• Kwirengagiza

Iyo umuntu ahuye n'ibintu nk'ibi bitoroshye akiri muto, ubwenge bugerageza kwikingira. `DID` ni ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo kwirwanaho ubwenge bukoresha kugira ngo bwitandukanye n'ihungabana rikomeye nk'iryo. Ni nko gushyira ibyo bintu bibi mu "gasanduku" gatandukanye ukabihisha ahantu runaka mu mutwe.

Ibimenyetso bya DID bishobora guterwa na:

• Iyo uvuye ahantu haguhangayikishije cyangwa hateye ihungabana (urugero, inzu yo kwimuka).
• Bene wanyu ba hafi cyangwa umwana wawe, igihe wageraga ku myaka iyo mvune yakubayeho.
• Kuba uherutse kugira ikibazo cy’ihungabana cyangwa stress ikomeye (urugero: impanuka ikomeye y’imodoka).
• Iyo uwaguhohoteye apfuye cyangwa arwaye indwara ishobora kumuhitana.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera DID?

Ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara DID niba warahuye na kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Gukorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina ukiri umwana.
• Kwirengagiza ababyeyi cyangwa abarezi.
• Gukenera kubagwa cyangwa gukorerwa ibikorwa byinshi by'ubuvuzi akiri umwana.
• Guhangana n'ibintu nk'intambara cyangwa ibikorwa by'iterabwoba.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na DID?

Abantu barwaye DID bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwiyahura . Abarenga 70% by'abanduye DID bagerageza kwiyahura cyangwa bakishora mu myitwarire yo kwiyahura.

Niba wumva ushaka kwiyahura, nyamuneka shaka ubufasha vuba. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ushobora guhamagara 988 cyangwa ukandikira Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Hamagara ikigo gishinzwe ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu gihe cyihutirwa mu gihugu cyawe. Ntabwo uri wenyine, hari umuntu ushobora kugufasha.

Abaganga bapima bate DID?

Ubusanzwe DID ipimwa n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze. Bazagufata amateka yawe yose y'uburwayi bakakubaza ibimenyetso byawe. Hari igihe bashobora no kubona amakuru aturutse ku bantu bakuzi neza kandi bamaranye igihe kinini nawe. Akenshi, umuntu wa hafi yawe ni we wa mbere ubona impinduka mu miterere yawe kandi akagaragaza impungenge.

Nta kizamini na kimwe cyo gusuzuma DID gihari. Muganga wawe azagukorera isuzuma ry’umubiri n’isuzuma ry’imitsi kugira ngo amenye izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso byawe. Hanyuma azagereranya ibimenyetso byawe n’ibipimo biri mu gitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’ibarurishamibare, igitabo cya 5 (DSM-5), imfashanyigisho yavuye mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe.

Byongeye kandi, umuganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibibazo bitandukanye cyangwa ibipimo kugira ngo apime imyitwarire yawe yo kwitandukanya n'abandi. Ingero zimwe zirimo:

• Igipimo cy'Ubunararibonye bw'Imibanire: Iki kibazo kibaza ibibazo 28 ku byo uhura na byo buri munsi.
• Ibibazo byo kwitandukanya: Hari ibibazo 63 bipima uburemere bwo kwitandukanya.
• Ingorane mu gipimo cyo kugenzura amarangamutima: Hari ibibazo 36 bijyanye n'uburyo ugenzura amarangamutima yawe.

Kubera ko ibyago byo kwiyahura biri hejuru ku bantu barwaye DID, muganga azababaza ibibazo kuri ibyo.

Ni ryari DID ikunze gupimwa?

Ibimenyetso bya DID bikunze kugaragara mu bwana, hagati y'imyaka 5 na 10. Ariko, ababyeyi, abarezi, abarimu, n'abaganga bashobora kubura cyangwa ntibasobanukirwe neza ibi bimenyetso bya mbere. Bashobora kwitiranya DID n'izindi ndwara z'imyitwarire cyangwa zo kwiga, nko kudashaka kwita ku muntu cyangwa guhangayika cyane (ADHD). Kubera iyo mpamvu, DID ikunze kugaragara mu gihe cy'ubukure.

Kubera ko DID ari indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi ifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye, bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo n'abaganga b'inararibonye bakore isuzuma ry'ukuri.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura DID?

Ibi bikurikira bikoreshwa mu kuvura DID:

• Imiti yo kugenzura ibimenyetso nko kwiheba no guhangayika.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze . Urugero, Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (CBT) cyangwa Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (DBT).

Intambwe ya mbere mu kuvura ni ukwita ku mutekano wawe. Umuganga ufite ubumenyi bwihariye ku ndwara zo mu mutwe ashobora kukwemerera kuvurwa neza. Ubuvuzi bwibanda ahanini ku guhaza ibyo ukeneye.

Ubujyanama mu by'imitekerereze (psychotherapy) kuri DID

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ya DID bwibanda cyane cyane kuri:

• Kumenya no guhangana n'ibintu bibabaje byabayeho mu bihe byashize.
• Gukemura impinduka zitunguranye mu myitwarire.
• Kugerageza guhuza abantu batandukanye mu mico imwe, ifite ubumwe .

Ushobora kungukirwa n'ubuvuzi bw'umuntu ku giti cye, mu itsinda cyangwa mu muryango.

Wibuke ko kwitabira ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe bishobora kugorana. Uzagomba kuganira no kwibukiranya ibintu bikomeye kandi bibabaza mu mutwe wawe. Ibi bishobora gutuma wumva uhangayitse, udafite icyo ukora, ufite ubwoba, kandi uri wenyine. Ariko ntabwo uri wenyine. Umuvuzi wawe n'abakunzi bawe bariho kugira ngo bagufashe kandi bagushyigikire.

Ese hypnosis ishobora gufasha?

Abaganga bamwe batanga inama yo kuvura hippotherapy hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe. Hypnotherapy ni uburyo bwo gutekereza ku buryo bwimbitse. Hari bamwe bizera ko bishobora kugufasha kugarura kwibuka byangiritse.

Ese DID ishobora gukira burundu?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti wa DID uhari. Ariko ibimenyetso byawe bishobora koroha. Uzagomba kwihanganira iyi ndwara ubuzima bwawe bwose. Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa n'ibirenze urugero, muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kubona uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura cyangwa uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura buzafasha ibimenyetso byawe kugenzura ubuzima bwawe.

Ese DID ishobora kwirindwa?

Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kwirinda DID. Ariko, kumenya no kuvura hakiri kare bishobora gufasha mu guhangana n'ibimenyetso. Ababyeyi, abarezi, n'abarimu bagomba kwitondera ibi bimenyetso ku bana bato. Guvura ihohoterwa cyangwa ihungabana hakiri kare bishobora gukumira DID kurushaho.

Ubuvuzi bushobora kandi kugufasha kumenya "ibintu" bitera impinduka mu miterere yawe cyangwa mu miterere yawe. Ibintu nko guhangana n'imihangayiko, kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe, no kwirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kugabanya inshuro ukunda kunywa inzoga.

Ese hari uburyo bwo koroshya kubana na DID?

Buri gihe kurikiza gahunda yo kuvurwa na muganga wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gufata imiti yawe uko wabitegetswe no gukomeza kuvurwa nubwo waba wumva umeze neza. Niba ibintu bisa n'ibitoroshye cyangwa niba wumva ko birushaho kuba bibi aho kuba byiza, menyesha muganga wawe ako kanya. Hanyuma bashobora guhindura gahunda yo kuvurwa uko bikenewe mu buzima bwawe bwose.

Kugira uburyo bukomeye bwo gutanga ubufasha bishobora kugufasha cyane mu kubana na DID. Menya neza ko ufite abaganga, abo mu muryango wawe, n'inshuti zawe hafi yawe basobanukiwe n'uburwayi bwawe. Vugana ku mugaragaro kandi mu buryo bw'ukuri n'abo mu muryango wawe batanga ubufasha. Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha igihe ubukeneye.

Niba uwo ukunda yararwaye, wamufasha ute?

Kumenya ko umuntu ukunda afite DID bishobora kugutera urujijo no kukuremerera. Ushobora kuba utazi uko wakwitwara bitewe n'imiterere ye itandukanye (impinduka) cyangwa imyitwarire. Dore uko wagufasha:

• Menya ibyerekeye DID n'ibimenyetso byayo. Gusobanukirwa ni yo ntambwe ya mbere.
• Garagaza ubushake bwawe bwo kwitabira inama z'umuryango cyangwa amatsinda yo gufashanya hamwe n'uwo ukunda.
• Komeza gutuza kandi ushyigikire igihe habayeho impinduka zitunguranye mu myitwarire.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Hari igihe ushobora gusuzugura ingaruka ibimenyetso byawe bigira ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Ushobora gutekereza uti: "Ibi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye cyane." Ariko niba ukeka ko hari ikibazo kiri mu buryo wiyumvamo, kwibuka kwawe, cyangwa imikorere yawe, nyamuneka gana muganga.

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite DID kandi akaba agaragaza ibi bikurikira, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya:

• Kwiyangiza
• Ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura
• Imyitwarire y'urugomo

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ushobora kuvugana na Suicide and Crisis Lifeline uhamagara cyangwa wohereza ubutumwa bugufi kuri 988. Iyi telefoni igufasha guhuza n'urusobe rw'ibigo by'umutekano bitanga ubufasha bw'amarangamutima ku buntu kandi bw'ibanga. Ibi bigo bitanga ubufasha amasaha 24 ku munsi, iminsi irindwi mu cyumweru ku bantu bari mu bibazo byo kwiyahura cyangwa bafite ibibazo by'amarangamutima. Niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda ari mu bihe byihutirwa, hamagara 911 cyangwa nimero yawe y'ubutabazi. (Muri Sri Lanka, hamagara 1990 kugira ngo ubone serivisi y'abarwayi ba Suwaseriya cyangwa 119 kuri polisi.)

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Indwara yo kwitandukanya n'abandi (DID) ni indwara yo mu mutwe aho umuntu aba afite imico ibiri cyangwa myinshi itandukanye. Ishobora kubaho nk'uburyo bwo guhunga ibintu bibi bikomeye wahuye na byo mu buzima bwawe. Kugira ngo wirinde, kugira ngo ukomeze, ushobora kuba warashyize iyo mvune mu gasanduku ukayihisha inyuma y'ubwenge bwawe.

Nubwo DID ishobora gutuma uhunga ukuri, ishobora no kugutandukanya n'abo ukunda ndetse n'umuntu wawe nyakuri. Umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ashobora kugufasha gufungura ako gasanduku witonze igihe witeguye no guhangana n'ibi bibazo bikomeye. Muri kumwe, mushobora gusobanukirwa neza imbogamizi mwahuye nazo no kuzikemura mu buryo bwiza. Mu gihe uri mu buvuzi, bishobora gufasha cyane kubaka uburyo bukomeye bwo gushyigikira abantu ushobora kwizera mu gihe wumva utari wowe ubwawe. Wibuke ko utari wenyine mu gihe uhanganye na DID.

Uko igihe kigenda gihita, hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, ushobora gukora neza no kubaho ufite ububasha bwinshi ku "wewe" wawe w'ukuri. Ntugacike intege.

Indwara y'imico myinshi, Indwara y'itandukaniro ry'imyitwarire, DID, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, Imico, Kwibagirwa, Ihungabana, Indwara y'imico myinshi