Ese wigeze wumva 'ikizamini cya ADN' cyangwa 'ikizamini cy'uturemangingo'? Ahari muganga wawe yarabikubwiye, cyangwa wabibonye muri filime kuri televiziyo. Mu by'ukuri bikora iki? Bishobora gutanga amakuru y'agaciro atari ku ndwara mu mibiri yacu gusa, ahubwo no ku bijyanye n'uturemangingo twacu. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Igipimo cya ADN ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, ikizamini cya ADN, cyangwa ikizamini cya ADN, gishakisha itandukaniro riri mu turemangingo twawe, chromosomes, na ADN. Tekereza ibi nk' 'amabwiriza' agenzura buri kintu cyose mu mibiri yacu. Uburebure bwacu, ibara ry'amaso, n'ibara ry'umusatsi ntibiterwa gusa n'utwo turemangingo, ahubwo binagena uburyo dushobora kwandura indwara zimwe na zimwe.
Iri perereza rishobora kudufasha gusobanukirwa neza ingingo nyinshi z'ingenzi:
- Emeza niba indwara runaka ihari cyangwa idahari: Nubwo hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe biboneka, ibi bizamini bifasha kwemeza imiterere nyayo y'indwara.
- Menya ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara mu gihe kizaza: Indwara zimwe na zimwe, urugero, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri, zigira ingaruka ku mikurire yazo. Bityo rero ushobora kumenya mbere y'igihe niba uri mu kaga.
- Menya ku ndwara z’uturemangingo ushobora kwanduza umwana wawe: Nubwo utagaragaza ibimenyetso by’indwara zimwe na zimwe z’uturemangingo, ushobora kuba uri 'uwatwaye' iyo ndwara. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kwanduza umwana wawe iyo gene yahindutse.
Niba ushishikajwe no gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo, ni byiza kubanza kubibwira muganga wawe . Hanyuma ushobora guhitamo neza niba koko ukeneye iki kizamini, niba ari cyo, ubwoko bw’icyo ugomba gukora.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini bya ADN?
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibizamini bya genetiki. Muganga wawe azagusaba ikizamini kikubereye cyane hashingiwe ku mateka y'umuryango wawe n'ibimenyetso byawe. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bw'ikizamini | Ubona iki muri ibi? |
|---|---|
| Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo (genes) | Ibi bikorwa ushakisha impinduka muri gene imwe cyangwa nyinshi zihariye. Urugero, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara ya gene, ashobora kugenzura niba nawe ufite gene ya iyo ndwara. |
| Gupima genome | Iki ni ikizamini cyuzuye kurushaho. Aho gukoresha gene imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa, gishakisha impinduka mu gene nyinshi muri ADN yawe icyarimwe. Gikoreshwa mu ndwara zikomeye. |
| Gupima kromosomu | Ingirabuzimafatizo ziboneka kuri chromosomes. Iki kizamini ntikireba genes, ahubwo kireba impinduka muri chromosome yose. Gishakisha ibintu nko kuba hari chromosome y'inyongera, chromosome ibura, cyangwa ibice byacitse. |
| Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo (gene) | Mu turemangingo tw’umubiri wacu, hari uturemangingo "dukora" naho utundi "ntidukora." Iki kizamini kireba uburyo uturemangingo dukora. Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, nka kanseri, uturemangingo tuba turenze urugero (tugaragaza cyane) cyangwa tudafite ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza neza (tugaragaza neza). |
Ibi bizamini by’uturemangingo bikoreshwa mu ki?
Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro cyane mu buvuzi. Dore bimwe mu bihe bikoreshwamo.
Gupima ababyeyi batwite mbere yo kubyara
Mu gihe cyo gutwita, ibi bizamini bishobora kumenya impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu turemangingo cyangwa mu turemangingo tw’umwana uri mu nda. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ibyago byo kurwara indwara y’uturemangingo mbere y’igihe.
Gupima indwara
Niba ufite ibimenyetso, iki kizamini gishobora kugufasha kumenya niba biterwa n'indwara y'uturemangingo cyangwa niba idaterwa n'uturemangingo.
Gusuzuma umushoferi
Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku maraso, kandi nubwo ufite gene yahindutse ku mubiri wawe, ntuzagaragaza ibimenyetso. Witwa "umurwayi." Niba ababyeyi bombi bateganya kubyara umwana ari abarwayi barwaye indwara imwe, hari ibyago bya 25% by'uko umwana yarwara iyo ndwara. Bityo iki kizamini gishobora kukwereka niba uri umurwayi.
Gusuzuma abana bavutse
Umwana akimara kuvuka, apimwa indwara zimwe na zimwe zishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo n'izindi ndwara. Ibi bituma ubuvuzi butangira vuba bishoboka iyo hari indwara.
Isuzuma ry’igihe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bitangira kubaho
Ibi bizamini bishobora kwerekana niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara runaka (urugero, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri) mu gihe kizaza, nubwo waba udafite ibimenyetso muri iki gihe.
Gupima farumasi
Iki ni ikintu cyiza cyane. Iki kizamini gishobora kukubwira uburyo imiti imwe n'imwe izakugiraho ingaruka, niba izagufasha, n'igipimo cyiza kurusha ibindi, hashingiwe ku miterere y'uturemangingo twawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ibizamini bya gene?
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibizamini bya genetiki bitashobora gupima indwara zose. Nanone, ibisubizo bya gipimo bigaragaza ko ufite indwara ntabwo bivuze ko uzarwara iyo ndwara. Ariko, ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kumenya indwara nyinshi. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:
- Indwara ya Down
- Indwara ya cystic fibrosis
- Indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umutsi
- Indwara ya Huntington
- Zimwe muri kanseri z’uruhererekane, nka kanseri y’ibere na kanseri y’amara
Iki kizamini gikorwa gite?
Ni inzira yoroshye cyane. Muganga wawe azafata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe , umusatsi, uruhu, ingingo, cyangwa amazi yo mu nda yawe y'umubyeyi utwite . Hanyuma icyo cyitegererezo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, abahanga bazapima imiterere y'uturemangingo (genes), chromosomes, cyangwa ADN kugira ngo barebe impinduka, hanyuma bohereze ibisubizo kuri muganga wawe.
Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibi bizamini?
Inyinshi mu bipimo bya ADN bigira ingaruka nke cyane ku mubiri. Biroroshye nko gufata amaraso make. Ariko, bimwe mu bipimo, birimo gufata amazi ava mu nda mu gihe utwite, bifite ibyago bike cyane byo kwandura no gukuramo inda.
Ariko, ibyago byinshi ni ibyo mu mutwe no mu by'imari .
- Ingaruka zo mu mutwe: Iyo ubonye igisubizo kidasanzwe, ushobora kugira ibyiyumvo nk'uburakari, ubwoba, agahinda, n'imihangayiko.
- Ibijyanye n'imari: Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo bishobora guhenda, bityo ni byiza kubimenya mbere yo gupimwa.
Nanone, ibuka ko ibi bizamini bishobora kuba bitaragaragaza ukuri 100%. Nanone, ibisubizo ntibishobora guhanura ubukana bw'ibimenyetso cyangwa igihe indwara izagaragara.
Ibisubizo bivuga iki?
Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya genetiki rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana. Muganga wawe azagereranya ibisubizo n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe kugira ngo abisobanure neza. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'ibisubizo.
| Ibisubizo | Igisobanuro |
| -- ...
| Positive | Ibi bivuze ko laboratwari yasanze hari impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitera indwara. Ibi bishobora kwemeza ko wanduye, kwemeza ko uri umuntu urwaye iyi ndwara, cyangwa kwemeza ko uri mu kaga ko kurwara iyi ndwara.
| Negative | Ibi bivuze ko impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitera indwara zitabonetse. Ibi bishobora gukumira isuzuma, kwemeza ko utari umuntu urwaye indwara, cyangwa kwemeza ko utari mu kaga gakomeye.
| Ntibizwi neza | Ibi bivuze ko nubwo habayeho impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo, nta makuru ahagije ahari yo kumenya niba ari impinduka itera indwara cyangwa ari impinduka isanzwe idatera ingaruka mbi. Ibi biterwa nuko twese dufite impinduka nto mu ngirabuzimafatizo zacu zitagira ingaruka ku buzima bwacu.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Uburyo bwo gupima ADN cyangwa imiterere y’uturemangingo ni uburyo bwo gupima bushakisha impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zacu kandi bugatanga amakuru y’ingirakamaro ku buzima bwacu.
- Ibi bizamini bishobora kwemeza indwara, kugaragaza ibyago by'ejo hazaza, no gutanga amakuru yerekeye indwara zishobora kwanduzwa abana.
- Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibizamini by'uturemangingo, kandi ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga kugira ngo uhitemo ubwoko bukubereye.
- Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo bishobora kugorana, bityo uko ibisubizo byaba biri kose, bwira muganga wawe ku byerekeye ibyo n'intambwe zawe zikurikiraho.
- Witondere ibikoresho byo kohereza ku muguzi bigurishwa kuri interineti cyangwa mu bundi buryo. Ibizamini bikorerwa ku buyobozi bwa muganga ni byiza kurushaho.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment