Nk'umubyeyi cyangwa se , nawe wumva ufite ubwoba kandi ukagira ubwoba iyo ugiye guha umwana wawe urukingo, si byo se? Ni ibisanzwe cyane. Ubwo bwoba bwarushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n'inkuru imwe iri gukwirakwira muri sosiyete. Iyo ni inkuru ivuga ko "inkingo zitera autism mu bana." None se ibi ni ukuri? Cyangwa ni ikinyoma gikomeye? Uyu munsi, tuzaganira kuri ibi dukurikije siyansi, ariko mu mvugo yoroshye cyane ushobora kumva.
Iyi nkuru yatangiye ite? - Ikibazo ku rukingo rwa MMR
Iyi nkuru yose itangira mu 1998. Umushakashatsi mu Bwongereza, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, yasohoye inyandiko y'ubushakashatsi aho avuga ko hari isano iri hagati y'urukingo rwa MMR , rurinda iseru, mumps, na rubella, na autisme.
Tekereza, ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hakoreshejwe abana 12 gusa . Ariko icyo gihe, umubare w'abana banduye autisme wariyongereye, bityo ubu bushakashatsi buto bwamamaye cyane ku isi yose. Ababyeyi bari bafite ubwoba bwinshi.
Nyuma y'iki kibazo, abandi baganga n'abahanga mu bya siyansi hirya no hino ku isi batangiye kubisuzuma. Bakoze ubundi bushakashatsi bwinshi ku rukingo rwa MMR na autisme. Nibura ubushakashatsi 12 nk'ubwo bwakozwe. Nta n'umwe muri bo wabonye ibimenyetso byerekana ko urukingo rwa MMR rwateye autisme.
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, iperereza ryimbitse ku bushakashatsi bwo mu 1998 bwatangije iyi nkuru ryagaragaje inenge zikomeye n'uburiganya. Amaherezo, mu 2010, Umujyanama Mukuru w'Abaganga mu Bwongereza yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko ubushakashatsi butashingiye gusa ku bumenyi bufite inenge, ahubwo ko bwari n'uburiganya bwakozwe nkana. Uruhushya rwo kwa muganga rwa Dr. Wakefield, wakoze ubwo bushakashatsi, rwanakuweho. Iperereza ryagaragaje ko uwo muganga yahawe amafaranga menshi (arenga amapawundi 435.000) n'umunyamategeko wakoraga iperereza ku isano iri hagati y'inkingo na autisme.
Mu magambo make, intangiriro y'iyi nkuru yateye isi yose ubwoba ni ikinyoma n'uburiganya.
None se inkuru ivuga kuri Thimerosal ni iyihe?
Nyuma y'umwaka umwe nyuma y'ihohoterwa rya MMR, ubwo bwoba bwagiye mu kandi gace. Icyo cyari ikintu cyitwa ' Thimerosal ', cyakoreshwaga mu kubika inkingo zimwe na zimwe. Cyari kirimo mercure nkeya. Rero iyo uvuze "mercure", abantu bose baratinya, kuko tuzi ko mercure yangiza ubwonko mu rugero rwo hejuru.
Ariko ukuri ni uku: Urukingo rwari rufite ingano nto cyane, idatera ingaruka mbi zaNta gihamya cya siyansi cyari cyaragaragaye kigaragaza ko byateje ingaruka mbi. Ariko, bitewe n'ubwoba bw'ababyeyi n'urwikekwe, mu 2001, ku busabe bw'imiryango nka American Academy of Pediatrics, thimerosal yakuwe mu nkingo nyinshi z'abana.
Rero, abashakashatsi barebye niba hari itandukaniro mu gipimo cy’indwara ya autism hagati y’abana bahawe inkingo zirimo thimerosal n’abatazihawe. Nyuma yo gukora ubushakashatsi nk’ubwo bugera ku 9, nta sano ryabonetse.
Ibimenyetso byiza kurushaho ni uko na nyuma y’uko thimerosal ikuweho burundu mu rukingo , umubare w’abana basanzwe bafite autism wakomeje kwiyongera. Bityo rero biragaragara ko thimerosal atari yo itera autism, si byo se?
Ese gutanga inkingo zose hamwe ni ikibazo?
Abandi batekereza bati: "Izi si inkingo imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa, zihabwa inkingo zigera kuri 25 mbere y'uko umwana agira imyaka ibiri. Iyo izi zose zigiye mu mubiri w'umwana, 'umutwaro mwinshi' uzahungabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'umwana bigatera autisme."
Hari n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugamije kureba ibi. Bagereranije amatsinda abiri y'abana.
1. Abana bahawe inkingo zose hakurikijwe gahunda yagenwe.
2. Abana batinze guhabwa inkingo cyangwa babuze inkingo zimwe na zimwe.
Ingaruka zabaye izihe? Nta tandukaniro ryagaragaye mu gipimo cy’indwara ya autism hagati y’ayo matsinda yombi. Ibi bivuze ko umubare w’inkingo cyangwa uko zakurikiranye nta n’imwe yateye autism.
| Inkuru Zisanzwe | Ibintu bya siyansi |
|---|---|
| Urukingo rwa MMR rutera autisme. | Iki gitekerezo gishingiye ku bushakashatsi buto kandi bufite inenge. Iki gitekerezo cyaranzwe burundu n'ubushakashatsi burenze icumi bwakurikiyeho. |
| Thimerosal (mercury) mu nkingo itera autism. | Nta gihamya kigaragaza ko ingano y’inkingo ari mbi. Kuba igipimo cy’indwara ya autism cyariyongereye nubwo yakuwe mu nkingo bigaragaza ko atari yo mpamvu. |
| Gutanga inkingo nyinshi icyarimwe mu bwana bitera autisme. | Ubushakashatsi ntibwagaragaje itandukaniro riri hagati y’abana bahawe inkingo nk’uko byari biteganyijwe n’abatazihawe/bazihawe batinze. |
Hanyuma, siyansi ni iki?
Iyi nkuru imaze imyaka irenga 20. Muri iki gihe cyose, abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo hirya no hino ku isi bagiye bakora ubushakashatsi kuri ibi.
- Mu 2004, Komite Ishinzwe Isuzuma ry’Umutekano w’Inkingo z’Ubuvuzi yasuzumye ubushakashatsi bwose bwasohotse n’ubutarasohotse kuri iyi ngingo maze isohora raporo y’amapaji 200. Umwanzuro wabo wagaragaje ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza isano iri hagati y’inkingo na autisme .
- Ubushakashatsi ntibwahagaze aho. Mu 2019, hakozwe ubushakashatsi bunini kurusha ubundi bwose bwakozwe. Bwakorewe ku bana bagera ku 660.000 bafite imyaka irenga 11. Umwanzuro wa nyuma ni uko nta sano iri hagati y’inkingo na autisme .
Ikintu kimwe cyonyine cyagaragaye kenshi n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bubarirwa mu bihumbi ni uko nta sano iri hagati y'inkingo na autism. Inkingo ni intwaro y'Imana irinda abana bacu indwara zikomeye kandi zica nka measles, inkorora, na polio.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Inkingo ntizitera autism. Iki ni ikintu cya siyansi cyagaragaye kenshi n'ubushakashatsi bubarirwa mu bihumbi n'imyaka myinshi.
- Inyigo ya mbere ihuza inkingo na autism byagaragaye ko ari uburiganya bwakozwe nkana.
- Gukingirwa ni bwo buryo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo kurinda ubuzima bw'umwana wawe indwara zishobora kumuhitana.
- Niba ufite ubwoba, gushidikanya, cyangwa ibibazo ku bijyanye n'inkingo, nyamuneka ntukishingikirize ku makuru aboneka kuri interineti cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ahubwo gisha inama muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga w'abana . Bazaguha amakuru nyayo.
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