Ese muganga yavuze ku byerekeye imisemburo iri mu maraso yawe? (Ibimenyetso bya Enzyme) Reka twige kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye!

Hari igihe iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ushobora kumva umuntu avuga ati 'Tugomba gusuzuma imisemburo imwe n'imwe mu maraso.' Hanyuma ushobora kwibaza uti 'Izi misemburo ni iki? Kuki zisuzumwa?' Ntugahangayike, iki ni ikizamini gisanzwe gikorwa kenshi. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku byo izi misemburo zigaragaza n'impamvu zitubwira ibintu by'ingenzi ku buzima bwacu.

Mu magambo make, iyi enzyme ni iki?

Tekereza ko umubiri wacu ari uruganda runini. Hari imirimo ibihumbi ibera muri uru ruganda buri segonda. Enzymes zimeze nk'abakozi bato bo muri uru ruganda. Mu by'ukuri izi ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine. Izi nkozi ni zo zifasha impinduka za shimi ziba mu mubiri no kongera umuvuduko wazo.

Ikizamini cy'ikimenyetso cya enzyme ni ikizamini cy'amaraso gipima umubare w'ibi bintu bifatika, cyangwa enzymes, biri mu maraso yawe.

Tekereza ingingo zo mu mibiri yacu nk'ibyumba bitandukanye muri uru ruganda. Ubusanzwe, izi enzymes zitwa enzymes ziba ziri mu byumba byazo (uturemangingo). Ariko iyo urugingo rwangiritse, rurwaye, cyangwa rwakomeretse, ni nk'aho urukuta muri icyo cyumba rwasenyutse, maze enzymes ziri muri rwo zigasohoka, ni ukuvuga mu maraso. Abaganga bareba urugero rwa enzymes mu maraso kugira ngo bamenye niba hari ikibazo kiri mu mubiri. Izi rimwe na rimwe zitwa biomarkers . Ni ukuvuga, ikimenyetso kigaragaza indwara.

Imisemburo mu mibiri yacu bikora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi. Urugero:

• Mu mikorere y'amaraso: Bifasha amaraso kubumba.
• Uduce tw’igogora: Bifasha mu gusya ibiryo turya.
• Imitsi: Ifasha imitsi gukora neza no kugenda kwayo.
• Udutsi duto: Ni ingenzi mu mikorere y'ubwonko n'imitsi.
• Uruhushya rwo guhumeka: Rufasha mu guhumeka neza.
• Uduce tw'inkari: Bifasha gukura imyanda mu mubiri.

Ni mu bihe ibihe ikizamini cya enzyme gikorerwa?

Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma muganga agusaba gukora ubu bwoko bw'ikizamini.

• Gusuzuma: Hari igihe, mu gihe cy’isuzuma ry’umubiri risanzwe ngarukamwaka, iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibyangiritse cyangwa igitutu kiri mu rugingo, nubwo nta bimenyetso bihari.
• Isuzuma: Niba ufite ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe, urugero nko kubabara mu gatuza, iki kizamini gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara runaka, nko kumenya niba ari indwara y'umutima.
• Gukurikirana uburyo bwo kuvura:Niba usanzwe uvurwa indwara, iki kizamini kikoreshwa no kureba niba ubuvuzi bufite akamaro cyangwa niba umuti ufata uri kwangiza izindi ngingo z'umubiri.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini bya enzyme?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini bya enzyme bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo.

1. Ikizamini cya Enzyme y'umutima

Iyo imitsi y'umutima yangiritse mu gihe cy'impanuka, urugero nk'indwara y'umutima, poroteyine ebyiri zidasanzwe zirekurwa mu maraso zivuye muri utwo turemangingo: Troponin (cTn) na Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) .

Bishobora gufata amasaha agera kuri 12 kugira ngo urugero rwa troponin mu maraso ruzamuke nyuma yo kurwara indwara y'umutima. Rero, abaganga rimwe na rimwe basubiramo iki kizamini buri masaha make. Iyo urugero rwa troponin ruri hasi, akenshi bivuze ko nta ndwara y'umutima ibaho.

Muganga ashobora gukora iki kizamini niba ufite ibi bimenyetso:

• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Kuzungera
• Isesemi
• Kubira ibyuya byinshi
• Guhumeka bigoranye (dyspnea)

2. Ikizamini cya CPK Isoenzymes, kivuga ku mitsi n'ingingo

Enzyme yitwa CPK iboneka ahantu nk'imitsi yacu, ubwonko, n'ibihaha. Iyo izi ngingo zangiritse, CPK yirundanya mu maraso. Ariko hari ikintu kidasanzwe kuri ibi. Hari ubwoko butandukanye (isoenzymes) bwa CPK.

• CK-MB: Ibi biboneka cyane cyane mu mitsi y'umutima .
• CK-MM: Ibi biboneka mu yindi mitsi (nk'amaboko n'amaguru).

Iki kizamini gifasha gusuzuma indwara zikurikira:

• Indwara y'umutima
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Kanseri y'ubwonko
• Kurwara kw'imitsi
• Izindi ndwara ziterwa n'imitsi (Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis)

3. Ikizamini cya Enzyme y'umwijima kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'umwijima

Iyo umwijima wangiritse, wanduye cyangwa urwaye, urekura imisemburo myinshi mu maraso. Ebyiri muri izi misemburo z'ingenzi ni ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) na AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) .

Umusemburo wa ALT ukorwa ahanini n'umwijima. Kubwibyo, urugero rwa ALT rwinshi mu maraso ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'uko hari icyangiritse ku mwijima. Uretse umwijima, umusemburo wa AST uboneka no mu mutima, impyiko, ubwonko, n'imitsi.

Ibi bikurikira bishobora gutera kwiyongera kwa enzymes z'umwijima:

• Indwara y'umwijima urimo ibinure byinshi
• Indwara za virusi nka hepatite A, B, na C
• Kurwara umwijima (cirrhosis)
• Kwangirika k'umwijima bitewe no kunywa inzoga
• Kanseri y'umwijima

Wakwitegura ute mbere yo gupimwa amaraso?

Iki ni ikizamini cy’amaraso gisanzwe, bityo nta mpamvu yo kwitegura cyane. Ariko kuzirikana ibi bintu bizakorohereza wowe n’umuntu ufata amaraso.

• Nywa amazi menshi: Kunywa amazi menshi mbere yo gupimwa bituma imitsi yawe igaragara neza kandi bikoroha gukurura amaraso.
• Irinde kunywa itabi: Iyo unywa itabi, nikotine igabanya imiyoboro y'amaraso, bigatuma bigorana kubona amaraso.
• Mbwira niba ufite ubwoba: Hari abantu batinya inshinge (trypanophobia). Ni ibisanzwe. Niba ufite ubwoba nk'ubwo, banza ubwire umuntu ukuramo amaraso mbere y'igihe. Hanyuma azabikora mu buryo bukunogeye.

Ibi bizamini bya enzymes ubusanzwe ntibisaba kwiyiriza ubusa, cyane cyane mu bihe byihutirwa nko kurwara indwara y'umutima. Ariko, niba ikizamini gikozwe ku yindi mpamvu, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe uko ameze.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo gupimwa? Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa?

Gufata amaraso akenshi biroroshye cyane, kandi bifata iminota mike gusa. Hanyuma agatambaro gato gashyirwa aho amaraso yakuwe. Gakwiye gusigara mu mwanya wako amasaha abiri cyangwa atatu kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura. Hari igihe agace k'urushinge kashyirwamo gashobora guhinduka ubururu gato kandi kakabyimba gato. Ibi akenshi bihita byishira ubwabyo mu minsi mike.

Niba ahantu hababara nyuma yo gukurwamo amaraso, ushobora gushyiramo agapaki k'urubura. Nanone, irinde guterura ibyuma cyangwa gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ikomeye kuri uwo kuboko mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe.

Gupima amaraso ni uburyo budatera ibyago byinshi. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugira ubwoba iyo babonye amaraso cyangwa urushinge. Niba wumva umerewe nabi, bibwira muganga cyangwa umuforomo ako kanya.

Bizatwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo raporo igere? Ukora iki nyuma yibyo?

Mu gihe cy’impanuka, nk’indwara y’umutima, raporo yakirwa vuba. Ariko bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo by’ikizamini gisanzwe.

Nyuma yo kwakira raporo, muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibirimo.

Rero, ntugahangayikishwe n'agaciro kari muri raporo, tega amatwi witonze icyo muganga avuga. Mubaze ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ufite.