Tubira ibyuya umunsi wose, iminwa yacu iradohoka iyo turya, kandi amaso yacu ararira iyo twumva tubabaye. Nubwo dushobora gutekereza ko ibi bintu byose ari ibintu bibaho mu mibiri yacu, inyuma y'ibi bintu byose hari 'inganda' nto mu mibiri yacu. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita imiyoboro y'amaraso. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri iyi sisitemu nziza y'imiyoboro y'amaraso.
Mu magambo make, imvubura zo mu nda zikora hanze y'umubiri ni iki?
Uturemangingo tw’amaraso ni uruhurirane rw’uturemangingo dukora ibintu bitandukanye mu mubiri wacu (nk’ibyuya, amacandwe, amarira, amata, n’imitobe y’igogora) tukabisohora binyuze mu miyoboro mito (imiyoboro) hejuru y’umubiri cyangwa mu mwobo uri mu mubiri. Tekereza nk’uburyo bw’imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu ruganda kugera aho byagenewe. Utu turemangingo dukwirakwira mu ngingo zitandukanye z’umubiri wacu kandi dukora imirimo itandukanye ahantu hose.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'uturemangingo tw'indabo (Exocrine) n'uturemangingo tw'indabo (Endocrine glands)?
Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'uturemangingo tw'imisemburo. Nubwo twombi ari uturemangingo, hari itandukaniro rinini mu buryo dukora. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro.
| Ibiranga | Uturemangingo tw'imbere mu ruhu | Uturemangingo tw'imisemburo |
|---|---|---|
| Inzira yo gusohora | Iyi ifite imiyoboro itandukanye yo gutwaramo imyanda. | Iyi nta miyoboro ifite. Imisemburo ivamo igera mu maraso . |
| Ibintu byumvwa | Ibintu nk'ibyuya, amacandwe, amarira, amata, enzymes. | Imisemburo gusa. |
| Ingero | Uduce tw'ibyuya, uduce tw'amacandwe, uduce tw'amarira. | Indwara ya Tiroyide, ingirabuzimafatizo ya pituitari. |
Ibuka gusa: Exocrine ni imiyoboro ifite 'ibisohoka' (ibisohoka), ni ukuvuga imiyoboro y'amaraso. Endocrine ni imiyoboro isohoka mu maraso ('Endo' - imbere).
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'inda mu mubiri wacu?
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'uturemangingo tw'indabo duto (exocrine gland) ari ingenzi mu mikorere y'umubiri wacu. Reka turebere hamwe zimwe muri zo n'imikorere yazo.
| Ubwoko bw'ingirabuzimafatizo | Ni iki kiri gukorwa (inshingano) |
|---|---|
| Uduce tw'ibyuya | Dukora kandi tugasohora ibyuya. Ibi bifasha mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wacu. |
| Ingirabuzima fatizo z'ibinure | Sebum ni ikintu cy'amavuta gikenewe cyane ku ruhu no ku musatsi. Kirinda uruhu n'umusatsi. |
| Imisemburo y'amacandwe | Ikora amacandwe. Ibi bifasha mu guhekenya, kumira no gusya ibiryo. Binarinda ingirangingo zo mu kanwa. |
| Udukoko two mu maraso | Izi ngirabuzimafatizo, ziri hejuru y'ijisho, zikora amarira. Igihe cyose duhumbya amaso, aya marira akwirakwira mu jisho ryose, rigahora ritose kandi risukuye. |
| Imyakura y'amabere | Amashereka arakorwa. Aya mashereka atanga intungamubiri zikenewe kugira ngo umwana akure neza kandi akomeze ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. |
| Udukoko twa seruminiyumu | Izi ngirabuzimafatizo, ziba mu gutwi, zikora ishaza (cerumen) , ririnda ugutwi kwangirika no kwandura indwara. |
| Imyakura yo mu gifu | Isohora imisemburo na aside bikenewe mu igogora. |
Byongeye kandi, umwijima wacu na pancreas ni ingingo ebyiri zidasanzwe. Kuko zombi zakora nk'uturemangingo tw'amaraso duto cyane cyane utw'amaraso duto cyane. Umwijima urekura imitobe y'igogora nk'inyo mu muyoboro w'ibiribwa (imikorere ya exocrine). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, pancreas irekura imisemburo y'igogora binyuze mu miyoboro (imikorere ya exocrine). Muri icyo gihe, izi ngingo zombi zirekura imisemburo mu maraso (imikorere ya endocrine).
Ni iyihe serivisi izi gland zitanga ku mubiri wacu?
Uturemangingo tw’indabo turi nk’itsinda ry’abakozi bakora mu mubiri wacu badacecetse. Bitugirira akamaro kenshi.
- Ifasha mu gusya ibiryo no kwinjiza intungamubiri.
- Ibungabunga ubushyuhe bw'umubiri ku rugero ruhoraho.
- Irinda kandi ikaryoshya uruhu rwacu n'umusatsi.
- Irinda ingingo z'imbere z'ingingo nk'amaso, amatwi n'umunwa.
Imisemburo yo mu nda isohora imisemburo
Izi gland zisohora umusaruro wazo mu buryo butandukanye. Hari uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi. Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'ibya siyansi, ariko reka tubikomeze byoroshye.
1. Sisitemu ya Merocrine: Ikigaragara hano ni uko imisemburo irekurwa gusa nta kwangiza uturemangingo tw’iyo misemburo. Mu by’ukuri, binyuze mu buryo bwitwa "Exocytosis". Uku ni ko imisemburo yacu y’ibyuya ikora.
2. Sisitemu ya Apocrine: Aha, irekurwa ry'ururenda rikorwa n'agace gato k'ururenda rw'ingirabuzimafatizo. Ni ukuvuga ko agace gato k'ingirabuzimafatizo karekurwa. Imyakura yacu (ikora amashereka) ni urugero rw'iyi sisitemu.
3. Sisitemu ya Holocrine: Muri ibi, uturemangingo twose turangirika kugira ngo turekure imisemburo. Uku niko imiterere yacu ya sebaceous isohora sebum.
Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira imisemburo yo mu nda?
Kubera ko izi gland ziherereye mu mibiri yacu yose, hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kuzigiraho ingaruka. Reka turebe zimwe muri zo.
- Hyperhidrose: Kubira ibyuya byinshi biterwa n’uko ingirabuzimafatizo z’ibyuya zikora ibyuya byinshi kurusha ibyo umubiri ukeneye. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma bamwe mu bantu badakunda gusabana.
- Bromhidrose: Impumuro mbi iterwa na bagiteri ku ruhu zica ibyuya iyo rwumye.
- Indwara y'ibiheri (Acne vulgaris): Iyi mvubura ni yo itera ikibazo cy'ibiheri benshi muri twe tujya duhura nabyo mu bwana bwacu. Indwara y'ibiheri ibaho iyo mvubura z'amavuta zikora sebum, ibi bikaba biziba imyenge y'imvubura.
- Sjögren's syndrome: Iyi ni indwara ya "autoimmune", bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira uturemangingo twabwo. Yangiza imiyoboro y'amacandwe n'amarira, bigatuma umunwa n'amaso byumye cyane.
- Indwara y'imiyoboro y'amabere: Mu gihe cyo konsa cyangwa ibindi bihe, indwara nko kuziba no kubyimba kw'imiyoboro y'amabere zishobora kubaho.
- Cystic fibrosis: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo. Impinduka muri poroteyine igira uruhare mu ikorwa ry'ibicurane, ibyuya, n'imitobe y'igogora mu mubiri bituma ibicurane byinshi kandi bifata bikomeza kwiyongera mu ngingo nk'ibihaha na pancreas.
- Pancreatite: Kubyimba kwa pancreas, bishobora guhagarika ikorwa rya enzymes zikenewe mu gusya ibiryo.
Urabona akamaro k'utu dukoko two mu bwoko bwa exocrine mu mikorere isanzwe y'umubiri wacu. Niba rero ufite impungenge kuri ibi, urugero nko kubira ibyuya byinshi, kumva umunwa wumye, cyangwa ibiheri bidasubirwaho, ntugatinye kuvugana na muganga wawe . Azagusuzuma kandi aguhe inama zikenewe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Uturemangingo tw’inda ni ubwoko bw’uturemangingo dukora ibintu nk’ibyuya, amacandwe, n’amarira hanyuma tukabisohora binyuze mu miyoboro ijya hejuru y’umubiri cyangwa mu myobo.
- Uturemangingo tw’amaraso ni uturemangingo tutagira imiyoboro y’amaraso dukora imisemburo ikanayirekura mu maraso.
- Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zikora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi, nko gusya, kugena ubushyuhe bw'umubiri, no kurinda uruhu.
- Impinduka mu mikorere y'izi ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora gutera ibibazo nko kubira ibyuya byinshi, ibiheri, no kuma mu kanwa no mu maso.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa bikubangamiye, buri gihe gisha inama muganga wawe.
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