Reka twige ku isuzuma ry'AMAFI (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) rihishura amabanga y'uturemangingo twawe!

Ese wigeze wumva iki 'kizamini cy'AMAFI' (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Test)? Ahari muganga wawe yagusabye cyangwa undi muntu uzi gukora iki kizamini. Nubwo bishobora kumvikana nk'ibitoroshye, ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane gishobora kumenya ibintu byinshi biri mu mibiri yacu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku cyo iki kizamini cy'AMAFI ari cyo, icyo gikora, n'uko gikorwa mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Iki kizamini cy'AMAFI (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) ni iki?

Muri make, FISH ni ikizamini cy’uturemangingo. Abaganga b’indwara, bakaba ari abaganga bazobereye mu gupima indwara , bakoresha ubu buryo kugira ngo bamenye indwara ziterwa n’impinduka mu tuntu duto twitwa chromosomes mu mibiri yacu. Hari igihe iki kizamini gishobora no gufasha kumenya impinduka mu turemangingo zishobora kuvurwa indwara nka kanseri.

Tekereza muri ubu buryo: imiterere y’uturemangingo (genes) yacu ni nk'igitabo cy'amabwiriza ku mibiri yacu. Iki gitabo cy'amabwiriza kitubwira uko ibintu byose biri mu mibiri yacu bikora. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo ziherereye mu miterere yitwa chromosomes, zimeze nk'imigozi. None se, bigenda bite iyo amwe mu magambo ari muri iki gitabo cy'amabwiriza, ADN yacu (aside deoxyribonucleic) , asibwe, cyangwa niba hari amagambo menshi cyane, cyangwa niba hari amagambo yahinduwe? Uturemangingo twacu tubona amabwiriza atari yo. Muri ubu buryo, amakuru ashobora gutakara (gusiba), gukopwa birenze ibisabwa (amplification), cyangwa kwimurwa (translocation). Izi mpinduka zishobora guhindura imikorere y'imibiri yacu no gutera indwara nka kanseri.

Rero, icyo iki kizamini cy’AMAFI gikora ni uko ari nko gukoresha amakaramu y’amabara kugira ngo “asiga irangi” ibice runaka bya chromosomes cyangwa genes. Hanyuma, abo baganga b’inzobere bashobora kubona byoroshye ibice bakeneye kugira ngo bamenye indwara babirebeye muri mikorosikopi. Iyo urebye iri bara muri mikorosikopi, risa n’amatara y’amabara.

Ni iki gishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya FISH?

Hanyuma ushobora kwibaza uti, ni iki mu by'ukuri gishobora kuboneka muri iki kizamini cy'AMAFI? Ibintu by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kumenya impinduka nini mu ngirabuzimafatizo muri kanseri. Bakoresheje aya makuru, abaganga bashobora gusuzuma neza ubwoko bwa kanseri no guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuyivura.
• Reba niba hari ikibazo cya chromosome mbere yuko umwana avuka (ataravuka) cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka. Ibi bifasha kumenya indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetike hakiri kare.
• Gutera inda mu buryo bwa vitro (IVF) bikubiyemo gupima urusoro kugira ngo rurebe niba nta kibazo kiri mu mikorosomu mbere yuko rushyirwa mu mura wa nyina (preimplantation genetic testing).

Iki kizamini cy'amafi gikora gite?

Noneho reka turebe ibanga rito ku buryo iki kizamini cy'amafi gikora.

Navuze mbere ko ADN yacu ari nk'igitabo kinini cy'amabwiriza. Rero iki kizamini cy'AMAFI ni nko gushyira ahagaragara ibice by'ingenzi by'icyo gitabo cy'amabwiriza hakoreshejwe irangi ryihariye rya fluorescent. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora iri "rangi ryo gusiga irangi," cyangwa "isuzuma," bashyiraho ibirango bya fluorescent kuri ADN ubwayo.

ADN yacu igizwe n'imigozi ibiri ihurira hamwe, nk'amenyo y'umuzipu. Icyo abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora ni uko babanza gutandukanya iyi migozi ibiri bakoresheje icyuma cy'ubushakashatsi bakoze, na ADN iri mu gipimo bashaka gupima. Bakora iki cyemezo kugira ngo gihuze n'uruhererekane rwa ADN bashaka, ni ukuvuga interuro nyayo bashaka mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza.

Hanyuma, bavanga izi probe zateguwe n'icyitegererezo cya ADN cyakuwe mu ngingo y'umubiri cyangwa mu mazi (ibi byitwa intego). Hanyuma, iyo probe igiye ikabona igice cya ADN gifite interuro ishaka, izagifata (ivanga). Kubera izo nyuguti zirabagirana, icyo gice cya ADN kizaba gifite ibara ryiza. Iyo umuganga w'indwara akirebye akoresheje mikorosikopi yihariye, utwo duce turabagirana tuzagaragara neza. Hanyuma ashobora gusobanukirwa niba amakuru ajyanye nacyo ahari n'ingano yacyo. Ntabwo ari igitangaza?

Impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora kugaragara hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'amafi

Abahanga mu by’indwara bashobora gukoresha iki kizamini cya FISH kugira ngo barebe ko hari impinduka mu turemangingo zizwiho gutera indwara nka kanseri. Rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufasha kwemeza cyangwa gusobanura neza ibyavuye mu kizamini cya karyotyping, ari cyo kizamini cya chromosomes . Dore zimwe mu mpinduka zihariye ikizamini cya FISH gishobora kubona:

• Gutera imbere: Iki ni igihe hari kopi nyinshi za gene kuruta uko byari byitezwe. Ni nko gukora fotokopi aho ushaka gukora fotokopi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora gukoresha FISH kugira ngo barebe umubare w'ikopi nyinshi za gene kuruta uko byari byitezwe.
• Guhindura/guhindura imiterere: Iki ni igihe igice cya gene cyangwa chromosome cyimurirwa ahandi hantu hatari aho bikwiye. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora gukoresha ibyuma bibiri by'amabara kugira ngo babibone. Muri gene isanzwe, amabara abiri y'ibi bikoresho agomba kugaragara yegeranye. Ariko niba aho biherereye harahindutse, amabara abiri azagaragara atandukanye cyane.
• Gusiba: Kimwe no kwimura amakuru, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha ubushakashatsi burenze bumwe kugira ngo bashake ahantu amakuru abura muri ADN. Hari ubushakashatsi bufata kuri ADN iri mu gipimo, ariko ubundi ntibufata aho bukwiye. Icyo gihe ni bwo bamenya ko hari amakuru yatakaye (yasibwe) aho hantu.

Indwara zishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima amafi

Abaganga bashobora gukoresha ikizamini cya FISH kugira ngo bamenye impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara nka:

• Lymphoma
• Leukemia ikabije ya myeloid, leukemia idakira ya myeloid, n'ubundi bwoko bwa leukemia
• Myeloma nyinshi
• Kanseri y'uruhago
• Glioma (ubwoko bwa kanseri yo mu bwonko)
• Mesothelioma (kanseri y'ibihaha)
• HER2 amplification (ibi bikunze kugaragara muri kanseri y'ibere, ariko bishobora no kugaragara muri kanseri y'igifu n'ibihaha)
• Kurushaho kwiyongera kwa MET (ibi bikunze kugaragara muri kanseri y'ibihaha, igifu, n'umuyoboro w'ibihaha)
• MYCN amplification (mu bwoko bwa kanseri yitwa Neuroblastoma)
• Muri kanseri y'ibihaha itari iy'uturemangingo duto , habaho gusubiranya/guhuza imiterere y'uturemangingo twa ALK, RET, na ROS1. Utu turemangingo twa ALK, RET, cyangwa ROS1 dushobora guhuzwa n'indi gene bigatera kanseri.

Ni gute nakwitegura ikizamini cy'amafi?

Uburyo witegura ikizamini cya FISH biterwa n'ubwoko bw'icyitegererezo muganga agufatira.

• Ku isuzuma ry’imbere mu gihe cyo kubyara: Muganga wawe azakora ikizamini cyihariye cyitwa amniocentesis .
• Ku isuzuma rya genetiki mbere yo gutera intanga (PGD cyangwa PGS): Ingero nto y'uturemangingo twavuye mu ntanga nyinshi irafatwa kugira ngo ipimwa. Ibi bikunze gukorwa iminsi mike nyuma yo gutera intanga.
• Niba muganga wawe akeka ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite indwara iterwa n’imiterere idahwitse ya chromosome cyangwa impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo: Ibi bishobora gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ryoroheje ry’amaraso .
• Kugira ngo umenye kanseri cyangwa impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo za kanseri (gupima molekile): Uzakenera gupimwa (biopsy) (biopsy y'ikibyimba cyangwa umwongo w'amagufwa) , ari byo bipimo by'inyama cyangwa umwongo w'amagufwa.
• Gusuzuma cyangwa kugenzura kanseri y'uruhago: Hari igihe isuzuma rya FISH rikorwa ku nkari .

Muri ibi bizamini, isuzuma rya biopsy gusa ni ryo risaba kwitegura byihariye. Kubera ko isuzuma ryinshi rya biopsy rikorwa hifashishijwe ikinya, ugomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe y'uburyo bwo kwitegura.

Ni gute abahanga mu by’indwara bakora iki kizamini cy’amafi?

Ku isuzuma ry'amafi, inzobere mu ndwara cyangwa umuhanga mu bya laboratwari akurikiza izi ntambwe:

1. Gukora ubushakashatsi (probe): Muri ibi, bahitamo ibice bya ADN bihuye n'uruhererekane rwa ADN bashaka. Hanyuma, bakora uduce duto muri iyo ADN hanyuma bakongeramo utumenyetso twa fluorescent.

2. Guhinduka kw'icyuma gipima n'icyo gipima: Ibi bivuga gutandukanya imigozi ibiri hagati y'icyuma gipima n'icyitegererezo cya ADN kirimo gupimwa.

3. Guhuza: Iyo imashini zivanze n'icyitegererezo cya ADN cyakuwe mu mubiri cyangwa mu mazi, imashini zifatanya n'uruhererekane rwa ADN zishaka.

4.Kugenzura ibisubizo: Bakoresha mikorosikopi yihariye ya fluorescent kugira ngo barebe aho ibimenyetso birabagirana mu gipimo.

Umuganga w’indwara azamenyesha muganga wawe ibi bisubizo.

Ni ibihe bisubizo by'ikizamini cya FISH?

Ubwoko bw'ibisubizo ubona mu isuzuma rya FISH biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ikizamini wakoze. Ikizamini cya FISH cyagaragaje ko hari ikibazo cya chromosome cyangwa genetique mu turemangingo turi mu gipimo. Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uko ibisubizo bizaba bimeze n'icyo bivuze.

Bigenda bite iyo ikizamini cya FISH cyagaragaje ko ari ubwandu?

Niba ikizamini cyawe cya FISH cyaragaragaye ko ari cyiza, muganga wawe azagusobanurira icyo bisobanura n'amahitamo yawe. Niba ikizamini cyarakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo muri kanseri, hashobora kubaho uburyo bwo kuvura bwibanda kuri iyo mpinduka. Rero ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe nta bwoba.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya FISH?

Bishobora gufata icyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bine kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya FISH. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe cyo kwitega ibisubizo n'uko wabimenya.

Ni ryari nkwiye kuvugana na muganga wanjye?

Niba ufite ikibazo ku isuzuma cyangwa ibisubizo wabonye, ​​ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe. Azagusobanurira byose.

Hanyuma, ubutumwa bw'ingenzi cyane

Gutegereza ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya gene bishobora gutera ubwoba, guhangayika, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikakugora gato. Ushobora kuba utegereje igisubizo. Iki kizamini cya FISH ni ikoranabuhanga rigufasha kubona ibyo bisubizo, nka "highlighter" ibona kandi igasiga ibara amakuru ukeneye .

Ibisubizo uzabona bishobora kuba atari ibyo wari witeze, ariko bizagufasha gusobanukirwa imimerere yawe n'amahitamo yawe. Kuva aho, wowe na muganga wawe mushobora gukorera hamwe kugira ngo mutegure gahunda nziza yo gutera imbere.

Wibuke ko ari ingenzi cyane kubaza muganga wawe ibisobanuro ku kintu cyose utekereza ku isuzuma, impamvu riri gukorwa, n'icyo ibisubizo bivuze.

Ikizamini cy'amafi , ikizamini cy'uturemangingo, chromosomes, ADN, kanseri, impinduka mu turemangingo, ikizamini cyo kubyara