Izi 'mikorobe' ni izihe? Reka twige gusa kuri aba banzi badutera kurwara!

Twese twumvise ijambo 'imikorobe', sibyo? Cyane cyane mu rugo rufite abana bato, dukunze kumva ibintu nko "karaba intoki zawe, ni mikorobe" na "ntukarye ibiri hasi, ni mikorobe." Ni kangahe ku munsi tuvuga iri jambo tutabanje gutekereza? Ariko se koko izi mikorobe ni izihe? Nubwo zitagaragara ku maso, zigira izihe ngaruka ku buzima bwacu? Ese koko zimwe ni nziza? Uyu munsi, turaza kubiganiraho mu buryo bworoshye, mu mvugo njye nawe dushobora kumva.

Muri make, mikorobe ni ibintu bizima bito cyane ku buryo bitabonwa n'amaso. Mu buvuzi, tubyita mikorobe. Ziri hose. Mu mwuka uhumeka, amazi unywa, ubutaka ugendamo, ibiryo turya, imibiri y'inyamaswa, ibimera ... Muri make, ziri ahantu hose ushobora gutekereza. Izi mikorobe ziba kuri ecran ya terefone usoma ibi, ku rugi urimo gukoraho, ku ruhu rwawe, ndetse no mu mubiri wawe.

Ariko ntugatinye ijambo 'udukoko'. Si utu dukoko twose tudutera kurwara. Mu by'ukuri, hari na mikorobe nziza zidufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi zikaba ari ingenzi kuri twe. Urugero, hari bagiteri zimwe na zimwe mu mara yacu zidufasha gusya ibyo turya kandi zikaturinda mikorobe mbi zituruka hanze. Ariko, hari mikorobe zimwe na zimwe, iyo zije mu mibiri yacu, zishobora kuturwara. Niyo mpamvu tugomba gukaraba intoki zacu buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde ikwirakwira ry'izi mikorobe mbi zitera indwara.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe?

Dushobora kugabanya mikorobe zishobora gutera indwara mo ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi. Buri bwoko bukora mu buryo butandukanye kandi buvurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Reka tubisobanukirwe neza.

Ni gute izi mikorobe ziva ahantu hamwe zijya ahandi?

Udukoko ni nk'ingabo zihishe. Zikoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo zikwirakwizwe ziva ahantu hamwe zijya ahandi, ziva ku muntu umwe zijya ku wundi.

• Guhura n'umuntu urwaye: Udukoko dushobora kwanduzwa mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu gukorakora, guhana ibiganza, guhoberana, cyangwa gusomana n'umuntu urwaye. Nanone, gusangira ibintu nk'ibikombe, amasahani, ibiyiko, n'amashuka byakoreshejwe n'umuntu urwaye bishobora gukwirakwiza indwara.

• Binyuze mu mwuka: Iyo umuntu wanduye akorora cyangwa yitsamuye, uduce duto tw'amacandwe tuva mu kanwa no mu mazuru ye turekurwa tukajya mu bidukikije. Utwo duce dushobora kubamo mikorobe za miriyoni. Iyo duhumeka uwo mwuka, izo mikorobe zinjira mu mibiri yacu.

• Gukora ku bintu byanduye: Ubu ni bwo buryo nyamukuru dufata mikorobe tutabizi. Tekereza, uri muri bisi ugakora ku nsinga. Ishobora kuba ifite mikorobe zivuye mu maboko y'abantu amagana bakoze kuri iyo nsinga mbere. Hanyuma urya ikintu n'icyo kiganza kimwe, cyangwa ugakora ku mazuru, ku munwa, cyangwa ku maso. Ni bwo mikorobe zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe byoroshye. Iyi ngaruka iboneka ahantu hose dukora buri munsi, nko ku nzugi, inoti, imashini za ATM, n'ameza.

• Ibiryo n'amazi bidasukuye: Udukoko nka bagiteri na protozoa dushobora kwinjira mu mubiri byoroshye binyuze mu biryo bisukuye neza kandi bitetse nabi hamwe n'amazi adasukuye. Niyo mpamvu duhora dusaba kunywa amazi atetse, gukaraba intoki neza mbere yo kurya, no gukaraba imbuto n'imboga neza.

• Binyuze mu nyamaswa n'udukoko: Nk'uko indwara ya dengue na malariya byanduzwa n'imibu, iyo inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe ziruma, amacandwe yazo ashobora guhita yohereza mikorobe mu mibiri yacu.

Mikorobe zishobora kubaho igihe kingana iki mu bidukikije byo hanze?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Buri bwoko bw'umugera bufite igihe cyo kubaho mu bidukikije byo hanze, ni ukuvuga ku buso butandukanye. Hari ibintu byinshi bigaragaza igihe cyo kubaho:

• Ubwoko bw'umugera: Igihe kirahinduka bitewe n'uko ari bagiteri, virusi, cyangwa fungus.
• Ubwoko bw'ubuso: Ishobora kumara igihe kirekire ku buso budafite imyenge nk'icyuma na pulasitiki. Ishobora kumara igihe gito ku buso bufite imyenge nk'imyenda n'impapuro.
• Ibidukikije: Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw'aho hantu nabyo bigira ingaruka kuri ibi.

Reka turebe igihe mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zikunze kugaragara zimara ku buso butandukanye.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwica mikorobe?

Dukoresha ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo turimbure aba banzi batagaragara batuzengurutse. Ariko se koko byose birakora?

Ese gusiga inzoga n'umuti wica intoki bishobora gufasha?

Yego. Ariko hari ikintu kimwe gisabwa. Umuti wo gusukura intoki cyangwa inzoga yo gusukura ukoresha ugomba kuba urimo nibura 70% bya alcool ya isopropyl. Abafite igipimo gito ntibazica mikorobe neza. Niba urimo gusukura ahantu, shyiramo cyangwa uhanagureho byibuze amasegonda 30 hanyuma uhanagure.

Bite se kuri peroxide ya hydrogen?

Yego, peroxide ya hydrogen ni umuti mwiza wo kwica udukoko twinshi, harimo na bagiteri na virusi. Ariko kandi ni mwiza ku bintu bikomeye kandi bidafite imyenge. Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza, shyira ku buso hanyuma ureke byibuze umunota umwe mbere yo guhanagura.

Ese vinegere yica mikorobe?

Ibi ni ibintu bisanzwe bibeshya. Oya. Dukurikije Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara (CDC), vinegere ntigira ingaruka ku mikorobe nyinshi na virusi, harimo na virusi ya grippe na coronavirus. Nubwo vinegere y'umweru idafunguye ishobora kwica bagiteri zimwe na zimwe, si yo miti myiza yica udukoko. Rero ntukishingikirize kuri vinegere kugira ngo isukure urugo rwawe.

Ese ubushyuhe bwangiza mikorobe?

Yego rwose. Nk’uko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ribivuga, ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 60 (dogere selisiyusi 140) cyangwa irenga bushobora kwica virusi nyinshi. Niyo mpamvu duteka amazi mbere yo kuyanywa. Nanone, koza ibintu nk'amasahani mu mazi ashyushye (urugero, koza amasahani) bishobora kwica mikorobe.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo wirinde ikwirakwira rya mikorobe?

Kugeza ubu usobanukiwe neza mikorobe. Noneho reka turebe ibintu byoroshye twakora kugira ngo tuzihagarike gukwirakwira no kurinda twebwe n'abakunzi bacu.

Dore uko wakwifashisha mu gukaraba intoki neza:

1. Ubwa mbere, shyira amazi meza mu ntoki zawe.

2. Fata isabune ihagije uyisiga neza ku ntoki zawe.

3. Koza amaboko yawe, inyuma y'amaboko yawe, hagati y'intoki zawe, no munsi y'inzara zawe byibuze amasegonda 20 , ukoresheje ifuro ryiza. (Niba ushobora gukoza amaboko yawe kugeza igihe uzabasha kuririmba indirimbo "Isabukuru Nziza" kabiri, icyo gihe kirahagije.)

4. Hanyuma oza neza n'amazi kugeza igihe isabune yose irangiye.

5. Kumutsa intoki zawe ukoresheje igitambaro gisukuye cyangwa urupapuro rwometseho.

• Shyira umuti wica intoki hafi: Iyo isabune n'amazi bitaboneka, koresha umuti wica intoki urimo nibura alcool 70%. Nubwo ubu ari ubundi buryo bwiza, ntabwo bufite akamaro nko gukaraba intoki n'isabune.
• Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru yawe mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye: Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru yawe ukoresheje agatambaro. Niba udafite agatambaro, koresha inkokora yawe aho gukoresha ukuboko kwawe.
• Guma mu rugo niba urwaye: Niba ufite indwara yandura nk'umuriro cyangwa ibicurane, guma mu rugo kandi uruhuke kugira ngo wirinde ko yanduza abandi.
• Irinde abarwayi: Irinde uko bishoboka kose umuntu ufite indwara yandura.
• Tekereza ku isuku y'ibiribwa: Karaba intoki zawe mbere yo gutegura no kurya ibiryo. Tandukanya ibibaho byo gukatamo inyama n'amafi n'ibikoreshwa mu gutema imboga. Teka ibiryo neza.
• Sukura ahantu hakunze gukorwaho: Sukura ahantu hakunze gukorwaho nko ku nzugi, amatara, telefoni, n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko kenshi.

Udukoko ni kimwe mu bigize ubuzima bwacu. Turi ahantu hose. Nubwo hari udukoko tudufasha, hari n'utudutera indwara. Ariko iyo ushyize izi ngeso zoroshye mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, nta gushidikanya ko ushobora kubona uburinzi bwinshi kuri izi mikorobe mbi.