Ubutumwa bw'ubwonko butuma umuntu arushaho kumva neza: Icyo ugomba kumenya kuri Glutamate!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo amakuru ahererekanywa mu bwonko bwawe? Iyo twize ikintu gishya, iyo twibutse ikintu gishaje, hari ikintu gito ariko cy'ingenzi cyane kidufasha gukora ibi byose inyuma. Icyo cyitwa Glutamate . Mu by'ukuri, iyo tutayifite, ubwonko bwacu bwaba ari akajagari. Uyu munsi rero turaganira ku cyo iyi Glutamate ari cyo, imikorere yayo mu mubiri wacu, cyane cyane mu bwonko, impamvu ari ngombwa cyane, ariko nanone ibibazo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuvuka iyo ingano yayo yiyongera cyangwa ikagabanuka. Mu buryo bworoshye cyane, tuzaganira kuri ibi byose mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Glutamate ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, Glutamate ni neurotransmitter . Tekereza ko neurotransmitters ari intumwa nto zitwara ubutumwa hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi (neurons) mu bwonko bwacu. Izi ni zo zitanga amakuru n’ibimenyetso ziva mu turemangingo tw’imitsi imwe zijya mu tundi.

Mu bwonko bwacu, glutamate ni yo nyunganiramirire nyamukuru itera gushyuha . "Gushyuha" bivuze ko ikangura uturemangingo tw'imitsi, bivuze ko "idukangura." Hanyuma amahirwe y'uko ubwo butumwa bujya ku turemangingo tw'imitsi dukurikira ariyongera. Ni nko gukangura umuntu ukomanga ku rugi rwe. Rero, glutamate ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubwonko bukore neza.

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uburyo iyi glutamate ikorwa n'aho ikorerwa. Glutamate ivugururwa igahindurwa nshya mu bwonko bwacu n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'ingirabuzimafatizo bwitwa glial cells . Ingirabuzimafatizo za Glial ni ubwoko bw'ingirabuzimafatizo zifasha, zigatunga, kandi zikarinda ingirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi mu bwonko. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo za Glial bifata glutamate yakoreshejwe zikayihindura indi ngirabuzimafatizo yitwa glutamine . Hanyuma, iyo iyi glutamine igeze mu gice cy'ingirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi yongera kugaragara, isubira kuba glutamate. Ese si uburyo butangaje cyane?

Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo na glutamate ni ingenzi mu gukora indi neurotransmitter y'ingenzi, aside gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) . GABA izwi nka neurotransmitter "ituza". GABA ifasha mu bintu nko gusinzira, kuruhuka, kugenzura imihangayiko, no gukora neza kw'imitsi. Nubwo glutamate itera imbaraga ku ruhande rumwe, inafasha mu gukora ikintu gituza ku rundi ruhande.

Glutamate si umusemburo w’imitsi gusa. Ni na aside amine. Aside amine ni ingenzi mu kubaka poroteyine. Kimwe n’ibintu byubaka. Glutamate ni aside amine nyinshi mu mubiri wacu. Mu mubiri, Glutamate ikorwa kandi ikabikwa mu mitsi.

Nanone, ushobora kuba warumvise glutamate cyane bitewe na monosodium glutamate (MSG) yongerewemo ibiryo. Glutamate iboneka kandi muri MSG itera uburyohe bw'ibiryo.

None se iyi glutamate ikora ite? Ni ikintu gitangaje!

Utunyangingo tw’imitsi nka glutamate tukorwa n’utunyangingo tw’imitsi ubwatwo. Tubikwa mu dusako duto twitwa synaptic vesicles ku gice cya axon cy’utunyangingo tw’imitsi. Tekereza ko ibi ari udusako duto. Agasako kamwe gashobora kubamo ibihumbi by’utu tunyangingo tw’imitsi!

Noneho, iyo ubutumwa cyangwa ikimenyetso binyura mu karemangingo k'imitsi, imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'icyo kimenyetso ituma utwo turemangingo duto twuzuyemo glutamate dufunguka maze tugasohora glutamate mu cyuho gito cyuzuye amazi cyitwa synapse hagati y'uturemangingo tubiri tw'imitsi. Ni nk'ikiraro. Ku rundi ruhande rw'iki cyuho hari akaremangingo k'imitsi gakurikiraho. Noneho iyi glutamate igomba kujya ifatana n'udukoresho twihariye ku rundi ruremangingo rw'imitsi rwakira ubutumwa. Ni nk'urufunguzo rushyirwa mu mfunzo. Iyo imaze guhuzwa, glutamate itera impinduka cyangwa ibikorwa muri ako karemangingo k'imitsi gakurikiraho. Icyo gihe ubutumwa bukomeza kuva ku karemangingo k'imitsi kajya ku karemangingo k'imitsi.

Bitandukanye n'izindi neurotransmitters nyinshi, glutamate ishobora gufatana na receptors enye zitandukanye ! Tekereza ko ari ugufungura imfuruka enye ukoresheje urufunguzo rumwe runini. Ubu bushobozi butuma glutamate igira ingaruka zitandukanye mu bwonko no kuvugana n'izindi ngirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi. Glutamate ni yo ishinzwe ibikorwa birenga 90% by'ibikorwa byo gushyushya mu bwonko bw'umuntu. Ese ushobora kwiyumvisha akamaro kabyo?

Mu bwonko bwacu, uturemangingo tw’imitsi duhurira hamwe kugira ngo tugire uturemangingo duto. Utwo duteremangingo duto dufasha mu mirimo mito nko kwibuka. Kandi, uturemangingo tunini kandi twagutse dufasha mu mirimo minini kandi igoye nko kubona, kumva no kugenda. Glutamate ni yo neurotransmitter nyamukuru itwara ubutumwa bwa chimique binyuze muri utwo duteremangingo n’utundi duteremangingo. Uburyo glutamate ikora kuri synapse hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi byongera cyangwa bigatera intege ikimenyetso cy’itumanaho hagati y’utu turemangingo. Bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo igikorwa kijyanye n’ibyo gikorwa gikorwa. Iyo glutamate idasohotse mu gihe gikwiye, ahantu hakwiye, no mu rugero rukwiye, itumanaho rirangirika. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo glutamate ibaye nyinshi cyane, ishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’imitsi no kwangiza urusobe rw’itumanaho ubwarwo.

Ni iyihe serivisi glutamate itanga ku mubiri wacu?

Dore zimwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi glutamate ikora mu mubiri wacu:

• Kwiga no kwibuka:Nkuko twabivuze mbere, kubera ko ishobora gukorana n'udukingirizo tune dutandukanye, glutamate ifite amahirwe menshi yo kohereza ubutumwa neza kandi vuba hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Uku guhanahana amakuru vuba no gutunganya amakuru ni ingenzi cyane mu kwiga no kwibuka. Si ibyo gusa, glutamate kandi yemerera uturemangingo tw'imitsi guhuza amakuru ajyanye. Iri ni ryo shingiro ry'urwibutso. Tekereza kuri ibi, iyo wize ikintu gishya, inzira nshya zibaho mu bwonko.
• Isoko y'ingufu ku turemangingo tw'ubwonko: Iyo glucose, isoko y'ingufu nyamukuru y'umubiri wacu, ari nke, glutamate ishobora gutanga ingufu ku turemangingo tw'ubwonko. Ni nk'ingufu ziyongeraho.
• Ubutumwa bw'imiti: Uyu ni wo murimo wayo w'ingenzi. Glutamate ifasha kohereza ubutumwa bw'imiti hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi.
• Gucunga igihe cyo gusinzira no kubyuka: Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa, urugero rwa glutamate ruri hejuru iyo turi maso no mu gihe cyo gusinzira "Rapid Eye Movement" (REM). Gusinzira neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu abeho neza.
• Ikimenyetso cy'ububabare: Hari isano iri hagati y'ubwiyongere bw'urugero rwa glutamate n'ubwiyongere bw'urugero rw'ububabare. Ibi bivuze ko iyo twakomeretse, binafasha kugeza ubwo bubabare ku bwonko.

Ni gute glutamate yiyongera mu bwonko bwacu?

Hari igihe ingano ya glutamate mu bwonko bwacu ishobora kuba nyinshi cyane. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kubitera:

• Kurekura cyane glutamate mu turemangingo tw'imitsi.
• Glutamate irekurwa mu buryo butaziguye iva mu turemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo mu bwonko, bikongera ingano yose ya glutamate mu bwonko.
• Glutamate irenze urugero iguma mu cyuho gito kiri hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi (synapse). Hanyuma, receptor nyinshi za glutamate ziguma zikora, kandi uturemangingo tw’imitsi dushobora gukomeza gukangurwa.
• Uturemangingo tw’imitsi tuba dufite ubwivumbure bukabije kuri glutamate. Ibi bivuze ko n’utundi duto twa glutamate tukorwa kugira ngo tuyitere imbaraga.

Bigenda bite iyo glutamate yiyongereye? Ibi ni akaga!

Iyo ingano ya glutamate mu bwonko yiyongereye cyane, uturemangingo tw’imitsi dushobora kwiyongera cyane. Uku gukabya gushobora kwangiza cyangwa no kwica uturemangingo tw’ubwonko . Muri iki gihe, glutamate yitwa excitotoxin . Ni ukuvuga ko ikora nk’ingufu n’uburozi icyarimwe.

Ubwiyongere bw'urugero rwa glutamate mu bwonko bwatewe n'indwara nyinshi, harimo:

• Indwara ya Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Indwara ya Lou Gehrig):Muri iki gihe, imitsi iracika intege buhoro buhoro.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Indwara igira ingaruka ku mitsi.
• Indwara ya Alzheimer: Ushobora kuba warumvise ivugwaho, indwara isanzwe itera gutakaza kwibuka.
• Indwara ya Parkinson: Igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri, ibimenyetso nko gutigita kw'ingingo bishobora kugaragara.
• Indwara ya Huntington: Indwara y'urubyaro isenya uturemangingo tw'ubwonko.
• Stroke: Indwara iterwa no guhagarika amaraso mu bwonko.
• Fibromyalgia: Itera ububabare n'umunaniro mu mubiri wose.
• Indwara y'umunaniro ukabije: Umunaniro ukabije w'igihe kirekire.

Hariho kandi ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bivugwa ko biterwa n’ibibazo byo gukora cyangwa gukoresha glutamate:

• Indwara zo mu mutwe no guhangayika .
• Ubushobozi bwo kubabara mu mutwe (autism ).
• Ihungabana .
• Indwara yo guhangayika cyane (OCD) ni indwara irangwa n'ibitekerezo n'ibikorwa bidakenewe .
Schizophrenia ni ikibazo cy'amarangamutima .

Icy'ingenzi: Nubwo kutagira glutamate ihagije bishobora kuba imwe mu mpamvu z'izi ndwara, izi ni indwara zigoye zishobora kugira izindi mpamvu nyinshi. Umuganga ni we wenyine ushobora gusuzuma neza indwara.

None se bigenda bite iyo glutamate igabanutse?

Uretse kwiyongera kwa glutamate, kugabanuka kwa glutamate mu bwonko nabyo ni ikibazo. Bikekwa ko ibi bishobora gutera ibi bikurikira:

• Guhangayika no kwibanda ku kazi cyangwa kwiga: Kugorwa no kwibanda ku kazi cyangwa kwiga.
• Umunaniro wo mu mutwe : Ubwonko bugira umunaniro mwinshi.
• Kudasinzira : Kugorwa no gusinzira nijoro.
• Ingufu nke : Kumva nta kintu na kimwe kirimo.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ushobora kuba ubu usobanukiwe akamaro ka glutamate y’imitsi yo mu bwonko ndetse n’imikorere yayo mu bwonko. Glutamate igira uruhare runini mu mikorere myiza y’ubwonko bwacu, cyane cyane mu kurema ibintu nko kwiga no kwibuka.

Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko glutamate igomba kuba iri mu gihe gikwiye, ahantu hakwiye, kandi mu rugero rukwiye.Iyo glutamate iri mu bwonko, ahantu hadakwiye, mu gihe kirekire cyane, ishobora kwangiza cyangwa ndetse no kwica uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. Zimwe mu ndwara zo kwangirika kw’imitsi twavuzeho, nka Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, na Huntington's disease, zifitanye isano n’uku gukangura uturemangingo tw’imitsi cyane. Ibibazo byo gukora cyangwa gukoresha glutamate bishobora kandi kujyana n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nka autisme, depression, na schizophrenia.

Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane kumenya iyi ntumwa itangaje y’imiti mu mubiri wacu. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga. Kuko gushyira ibi byose mu murongo ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umuntu agire ubuzima bwiza.

Glutamate , Ubwonko, Ubushobozi bwo kohereza utwo turemangingo, Kwibuka, Kwiga, MSG, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, Indwara z'ubwonko