Ese impyiko zawe zirananirwa? Reka tuvuge kuri hemodialysis

Impyiko zawe ni nk'utuyunguruzo tubiri tw’ingenzi mu mubiri wacu. Akazi k'ingenzi k'impyiko ni ukuyungurura imyanda itari ngombwa kandi irimo uburozi n'amazi menshi ava mu maraso. Ariko iyo izi mpyiko zidakora neza bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe, imyanda ishobora kwirundanya mu mubiri igatera ibibazo bikomeye. Aha niho uburyo bwo kuvura ubuzima bwitwa hemodialysis budufasha.

Mu magambo make, hemodialysis ni iki?

Hemodialysis ni uburyo bwo kuvura dialyse. Iyo impyiko zawe zitashoboye gukora akazi kazo, imashini ikoreshwa mu gusukura amaraso yawe. Mu magambo make, ikora nk'impyiko y'ubukorano.

Muri ubu buryo, imashini ikura amaraso mu mubiri wawe, ikayanyuza mu kayunguruzo kadasanzwe (impyiko y'ubukorano) kugira ngo iwusukure, hanyuma igasubiza amaraso meza mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bikuraho ibintu nk'imyanda ya azote (urea), imyanda iva mu mitsi (creatinine), na aside yirundanya mu maraso.

Ni gute iyi mashini isukura amaraso?

Tekereza, iyi ni ikoranabuhanga ritangaje cyane. Igice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini ikoresha hemodialysis ni dialyzer . Iyi ni yo twita kandi "impyiko z'ubukorano."

Amaraso yawe anyura mu miyoboro ibihumbi isa n'imiyoboro myiza cyane iri muri iyi dialyzer. Hanyuma, imyanda n'amazi arenze mu maraso biva muri iyi miyoboro mito bijya ku ruhande rutandukanye. Hari amazi yihariye yitwa dialysate akoreshwa mu gukusanya iyi myanda. Aya mazi arimo amazi, imyunyu, na electrolytes.

Amaraso yawe, yasukuwe kandi agakurwa mu myanda, asubizwa mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu muyoboro. Amazi ya dialysate, yakusanyije imyanda, akurwamo n'imashini.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura hemodialysis?

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura hemodialysis. Ushobora kuganira na muganga wawe uburyo bukubereye.

Ese hari ubwoko bwa hemodialysis yo mu rugo?

Yego, hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura mu rugo.

1. Gukoresha hemodialysis isanzwe mu rugo: Inshuro eshatu mu cyumweru, amasaha 3-4 buri gihe.

2. Gusesa amaraso mu rugo mu gihe gito: Ikoranabuhanga rishya rituma igihe cyo kuvurwa kiba gito. Bikorwa iminsi 5-7 mu cyumweru, kandi bifata amasaha abiri kuri buri gikorwa.

3. Gupima amaraso mu rugo nijoro: Ibi bikorwa nijoro usinziriye. Ubu buryo bukorwa amasaha 6-8 icyarimwe, iminsi 4-6 mu cyumweru. Ubu buryo butuma amaraso asukurwa igihe kirekire, bityo imyanda myinshi ikavanwa mu mubiri.

Witegura ute mbere yo kuvurwa?

Mbere yo gutangira gukoresha hemodialysis, ugomba kwitegura ibyumweru bike cyangwa amezi make mbere y'uko bitangira. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugushaka uburyo bwo gukuramo amaraso mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwihuse no kuyasubiza mu mubiri mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Ibi bisaba kubagwa gato.

• Fistula yo mu mitsi itera imitsi (AV fistula): Muri ubu buryo, umuganga ubaga ahuza imitsi n'umutsi wo mu kuboko kwawe. Ubu buryo ni bwo bwiza kandi burambye.
• Igishishwa cyo mu mitsi yo mu mitsi (AV graft): Niba imitsi yawe n'imitsi yawe ari bigufi cyane ku buryo bitashobora guhuzwa, umuganga uzabaga azabihuza akoresheje umuyoboro woroshye kandi udafite icyobo.

Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko ubuvuzi butangira vuba, rimwe na rimwe umuyoboro woroshye witwa catheter ushobora gushyirwa mu mitsi minini mu ijosi, mu gituza cyangwa mu itako by'agateganyo.

Kugira ngo urinde fistula/graft yawe, ibuka ibi bintu:

• Ntugasinzira ufite ibiro byawe ku ruhande rw'ukuboko aho fistula iri.
• Ntukambare imyenda cyangwa imitako (impeta, amasaha) bizafatwa muri icyo kiganza.
• Ntukambike umukandara w'isakoshi hejuru y'ukuboko.
• Ntuzigere upimwa umuvuduko w'amaraso (BP) cyangwa ngo uvanwe amaraso mu kuboko kwawe hamwe na fistula.

Ese ugomba kwitondera cyane ibyo kurya n'ibyo kunywa?

Yego rwose. Ibiryo urya bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ntsinzi yo kuvurwa hifashishijwe hemodialysis. Hari ibiryo bishobora kongera ingano y'imyanda mu maraso, bigatuma amazi aguma mu mubiri, bikongera umuvuduko w'amaraso, ndetse bikongera umuvuduko w'umutima.

Mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa, inzobere mu mirire y'impyiko izashyiraho gahunda y'imirire ikubereye. Ubusanzwe uzakenera kugabanya ibiryo birimo ibi bikurikira:

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi n'ingorane zo kuvurwa?

Nkuko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho hamwe n’ingorane ziterwa no gukoresha hemodialysis. Ariko nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa n’ibi, kuko itsinda ry’abaganga rizakomeza kugukurikirana.

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kubaho:

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi (Hypotension)
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kuzungera no gucika intege (Syncope)
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa mu mugongo
• Umutwe
• Kuryarya (Pruritus)
• Kuribwa imitsi
• Indwara yo kubura amaguru (kumva amaguru adafite impumuro)

Ingorane zishobora guterwa na fistula/graft:

• Kwandura indwara (gutukura, kubyimba, ububabare, umuriro)
• Amaraso apfutse
• Kuziba kw'inkovu biterwa n'ibisebe

Ubonye ikintu nk'iki, ugomba guhita ugisha inama kwa muganga.

Ushobora kumara igihe kingana iki ukoresheje hemodialysis?

Iki ni ikibazo ku bantu benshi. Imyaka yo kubaho y’umuntu uvurwa hemodialysis ni hagati y’imyaka 5-10. Ariko, ibi biratandukanye bitewe n’umuntu ku giti cye. Hari abantu babaho imyaka 20-30 cyangwa irenga bafite indyo nziza, inama z’abaganga, kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza cyane. Kubwibyo, icy’ingenzi ni ugukomeza kugira imbaraga no gukomeza kuvurwa neza.