Ese ufite udukoko mu mpyiko zawe? Reka tuvuge kuri ADPKD (Indwara y'impyiko ya Autosomal Dominant Polycystic)

Wenda hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara y'impyiko. Cyangwa se warasanzwe ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso uri mu kigero cy'imyaka 30 cyangwa 40 ukaba ushaka impamvu. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku ndwara itandukanye gato, ariko ikunze kugaragara cyane, ikwirakwira mu mpyiko. Iyi ndwara yitwa Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Kubera ko ari ndende cyane kuri twe, tuzayita ADPKD mu magambo ahinnye.

Mu magambo make, ADPKD ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iyi ndwara ituma impyiko zikora cyane cyane mu buryo bw'amazi. Tekereza ku mpyiko nk'imashini ziyungurura mu mibiri yacu. Uko izi mpyiko zikura, impyiko ntiziba zigikora neza. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari, n'amabuye y'impyiko. Nubwo atari buri wese urwara iyi ndwara, hari abantu bashobora no kugera aho impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza.

Kimwe mu bintu byihariye by’iyi ndwara ni uko ushobora kumara imyaka myinshi udafite ibimenyetso nubwo waba ubyifite. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara hagati y’imyaka 30 na 40. Niyo mpamvu yitwa kandi "indwara y’indurwe y’abantu bakuru."

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya ADPKD?

Si abantu bose bafite ADPKD bazagaragaza ibimenyetso. Kuri bamwe, bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigaragare. Reka turebe bimwe mu bimenyetso bisanzwe bifitanye isano n'iyi ndwara. Ndabigabanyamo ibice bibiri kugira ngo ubyumve.

Kuki ADPKD ibaho? Ese ni iy'uruhererekane?

Yego, iyi ni indwara umuntu avukana . Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni inenge iri mu turemangingo tubiri muri ADN yacu, ari two `PKD1` na `PKD2`. Utu turemangingo ni two dutanga ikimenyetso cy'uko impyiko zigomba gukura. Iyo hari inenge muri imwe muri izi gene, impyiko zikura mu buryo butunguranye kandi zigakora utwo turemangingo twavuze.

Tekereza kuri ibi, indwara nyinshi zikomoka ku nkomoko y'umwana zisaba gene ifite inenge iturutse ku babyeyi bombi. Ariko muri ADPKD, gene ifite inenge igomba kuva ku mubyeyi umwe gusa . Niyo mpamvu yitwa "autosomal dominant".

Ibi bivuze ko niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe afite iyi ndwara, ufite amahirwe 50% yo kuyirwara . Ariko, ni gake cyane, iyi ndwara ishobora no guterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo y'umuntu, ababyeyi bombi batarwaye iyo ndwara.

Wamenya ute niba ufite iyi ndwara?

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko ufite ikibazo cy'impyiko bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere mu by'impyiko (nephrologist). Muganga azakubaza ibibazo nka:

• Ibimenyetso byawe ni ibihe kandi byatangiye ryari?
• Ese uzi umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe?
• Ese hari ububabare ahantu hose? Niba ariho, ni hehe?
• Ese wigeze ugira amabuye mu mpyiko mbere?
• Hari umuntu mu muryango ufite indwara y'impyiko?

Hanyuma muganga azagutegeka ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo apime impyiko zawe.

• Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound: Ibi bikoresha amajwi kugira ngo bifate amafoto y'imbere mu mubiri. Akenshi iki ni cyo kizamini cya mbere gikorwa.
• MRI scan: Isuzuma rikomeye rikoresha magnets na radio waves kugira ngo rimenye ibibyimba bito cyane ku buryo bitabonwa hakoreshejwe ultrasound.
• CT Scan: Ubundi buryo bukomeye bwo gupima bukoresha imirasire ya X kugira ngo bubone amashusho arambuye y'umubiri.

Byongeye kandi, ADN yawe ishobora gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe niba ufite gene ifite inenge `PKD1` cyangwa `PKD2`. Ariko, nubwo iki kizamini cya gene gishobora kwerekana niba ufite gene ifite inenge, ntigishobora kumenya igihe indwara izazira cyangwa ubukana bwayo .

Uburyo bwo kuvura n'ibyo ushobora gukora uri mu rugo

Nta muti wa ADPKD uraboneka kugeza ubu. Ariko hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo dukemure ibibazo by'ubuzima biterwa n'iyi ndwara no gukumira impyiko.

Ubuvuzi

• Imiti yo kugabanya impyiko: Ku bantu bakuru bafite ibyago byo kwiyongera vuba kw'iyi ndwara, imiti nka `Tolvaptan (Jynarque)` iratangwa kugira ngo igabanye igabanuka ry'imikorere y'impyiko.
• Imiti igenzura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Antibiyotike zo kwandura indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare.

Iyo impyiko zawe zinaniwe, ushobora gukenera kuvurwa witwa dialysis . Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha imashini mu kuyungurura amaraso yawe, gukuramo imyanda, umunyu n'amazi arenze urugero mu mubiri wawe. Ubundi buryo ni ugutera impyiko. Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi kugira ngo umenye byinshi.

Ibintu ushobora gukora uri mu rugo

Kugira ngo urinde impyiko zawe kandi uzikomeze gukora neza igihe cyose gishoboka, ni ngombwa kugira ubuzima bwiza bushoboka.

• Indyo ikwiye: Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo umunyu muke. Umunyu ushobora kongera umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Komeza gukora siporo: Imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibiro n'umuvuduko w'amaraso, ariko irinde siporo zikozwe mu buryo bwa "contact siporo", zishobora kwangiza impyiko zawe.
• Irinde kunywa itabi: Kunywa itabi byangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mpyiko kandi bishobora no kongera ibyago byo kurema cysts.
• Nywa amazi menshi: Kubura amazi mu mubiri bishobora no gutuma udukoko twibasira uruhu twiyongera.

Izindi ngorane zishobora guterwa na ADPKD

ADPKD ishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara izindi ndwara, kandi ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Igipimo cy'indwara giterwa no kuba ufite inenge muri gene ya `PKD1` cyangwa `PKD2`. Muri rusange, abantu bafite inenge muri gene ya `PKD1` baba bafite ibyago byo kurwara impyiko vuba kurusha abafite inenge ya `PKD2`. Ni byiza rero kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo amenye neza uko indwara yawe imeze.