Ese ufite ikibazo cyo kugenzura uburakari butunguranye? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara yo gushyuha iterwa n'ibisasu (IED)!

Ese hari igihe urakara ikintu gito cyane ku buryo utabasha no kucyiyumvisha? Ese uvuza induru, ujugunya ikintu hasi, cyangwa se ukanakubita umuntu? Ibi bishobora kuba ikintu cyimbitse kuruta "ingeso mbi" cyangwa "umuntu urakara vuba." Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubu bwoko bw'uburakari butunguranye, indwara yo mu mutwe yitwa `(Intermittent Explosive Disorder - IED)`.

"Indwara yo Guturika Itera Igihe Gito - IED" ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa n’ibisebe bitunguranye (IED) ni indwara yo mu mutwe irangwa n’imyitwarire itunguranye, idasubirwaho, y’ubukana cyangwa uburakari bukabije. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni uko aba bantu basubiza uburakari mu buryo butari bujyanye n’imimerere. Ndetse n’ikintu gito kibagora cyane kugikemura. Tekereza, niba umuntu agusimbutse imbere mu murongo, ukarakara cyane ku buryo usohoka mu modoka yawe ukiyica, ubwo si uburakari busanzwe.

Ariko igitangaje ni uko iyo badarakaye, abantu bafite "IED" bitwara neza kandi mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi ni indwara iri mu cyiciro cy'indwara zo kugenzura impulse, ni ukuvuga indwara zigoye kugenzura impulse zivuka mu mutwe.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bagera kuri 80% bafite IED bashobora kuba bafite indi ndwara yo mu mutwe. Ikunze kugaragara muri izi ndwara ni indwara zo guhangayika, indwara ya bipolar, autism, n'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.

Ni nde urebwa cyane n'iki kibazo cya `(IED)`?

Iyi ndwara ishobora kwibasira abana bafite imyaka 6 cyangwa abantu bakuru. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko ruri munsi y'imyaka 40. Bivugwa kandi ko ikunze kugaragara mu bagabo .

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko hagati ya 1.4% na 7% by'abatuye isi bashobora kuba bafite indwara yo guturika mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo idakunze kugaragara cyane, umubare munini w'abantu barwaye iyi ndwara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya `(Intermittent Explosive Disorder - IED)`?

Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga iyi ndwara ni uko uburakari buhita butangira mu buryo budakwiriye na gato, butateguwe, kandi burenze urugero rwose rw’imimerere. Aba bantu bazi ko imyitwarire yabo ari mibi kandi idakwiye, ariko muri icyo gihe bibagora kwifata.

Dore imiterere y'ubu bukari:

• Si ikintu gikozwe ku bushake, ni ikintu kibaho gitunguranye kandi gitunguranye. Si ikintu giteganyijwe mbere y'igihe.
• Ubu burakari butangira mu minota mike nyuma y'ikintu kibaho (ubushotoranyi).
• Ubu burakari akenshi ntibumara iminota irenga 30.
• Iki kibazo gitera umuntu uvugwaho ikibazo imihangayiko ikomeye yo mu mutwe n'agahinda.
• Iyi myitwarire itera ibibazo ku ishuri, ku kazi no mu rugo.

Ubu burakari busohoka bute?

Ubu burakari bushobora kwigaragaza mu buryo bwinshi. Dore ingero nke:

• Kurakara cyane: Imyitwarire nko kwigaragura hasi, kurira no gutaka nk'umwana muto.
• Ibikangisho mu magambo: gusakuza, gutera ubwoba abandi, gutukana.
• Gutera abantu cyangwa inyamaswa ku buryo bufatika: gusunika, gukubita, gukubita, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no gukoresha intwaro kugira ngo ubakomeretse.
• Kwangiza imitungo: kujugunya ibintu uko ubyifuza, gutera imigeri, kumena ibikoresho byo mu nzu, kwica inzugi.
• Ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo: Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagize umuryango.
• Uburakari bwo mu muhanda: Tekereza ko warakaye cyane ukagera aho ushaka kwica umuntu kuko yakunyuze mu muhanda.

Ibi bikorwa by'umujinya rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba bito, kandi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba bikomeye ku buryo umuntu ashobora gukomereka bikomeye, cyangwa se agapfa.

Ni ibihe bintu ushobora kumva mbere yuko urakara?

Mbere y'uko ibintu nk'ibi bibaho, ushobora kugaragaza bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Uburakari, ibyiyumvo by'uburakari budashobora gushyirwa mu mutwe.
• Kurakara.
• Numva mfite umuvuduko mwinshi n'agahinda mu mutima wanjye.
• Ni nk'aho ibitekerezo biri mu mutwe wawe bihora byihuta cyane.
• Sinshobora kuvugana neza n'abandi bantu.
• Ni nk'aho umubiri wanjye uhita ugira imbaraga nyinshi.
• Guhinda umushyitsi.
• Umuvuduko w'umutima uhita wiyongera (gutera cyane).
• Gufungana mu gituza.

Nyuma y'uko ubwo burakari bumaze kurekurwa, habaho kumva uhumurijwe by'akanya gato, ariko hanyuma ukumva ufite agahinda, wicuza, kandi ufite isoni . Ukibaza uti "Nakoze iki?"

Kuki habaho indwara yo gushyuha mu gihe gito (IED)?

Abashakashatsi baracyagerageza kumenya neza icyabitera, ariko batekereza ko biterwa n'ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Ibintu bitera imiterere y’umubiri: Ibi bishobora kubaho mu miryango. Ibi bivuze ko niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara, nawe ushobora kuyirwara. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari ingaruka za 44% kugeza kuri 72% ku iterambere ry’iyo myitwarire itunguranye kandi irangwa n’ubugizi bwa nabi.

2. Ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima: Impinduka mu miterere n'imikorere y'ubwonko bwacu zishobora kugira uruhare muri ibi. Urugero, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans zagaragaje ko igice cy'ubwonko cyitwa amygdala, kigenzura amarangamutima yacu, kigira ingaruka. Banasanze urugero rwa serotonin (ikinyabutabire gitwara ubutumwa hagati y'imitsi kandi igakora nk'imisemburo) kiri hasi ugereranyije n'ibisanzwe ku bantu bafite IED.

3.Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije: Guhohoterwa mu buryo bw’amagambo cyangwa ku mubiri ukiri umwana, cyangwa kubona ihohoterwa mu rugo, bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’iyi ndwara. Nanone, ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bibabaje byabayeho mu bwana bishobora kuba impamvu.

Indwara yo gutwika ibisasu (IED) ipimwa ite?

Niba utekereza ko wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi, cyane cyane umwana wawe, ushobora kuba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa kubanza kureba muganga wujuje ibisabwa . Bashobora kukwohereza ku muganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe w’inzobere mu gusuzuma no kuvura izi ndwara. Uyu ashobora kuba inzobere mu by’indwara zo mu mutwe, inzobere mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu, cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Basuzuma indwara ya IED bakoresheje ibipimo byihariye biva mu gitabo cy’ubuvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mutwe cya American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Bazakuganira witonze kandi bakubaze ibibazo birambuye ku bimenyetso byawe n’imyitwarire yawe. Bazakubaza ibibazo ku bintu nka:

• Amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'ubw'umuryango wawe, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Ku bijyanye n'imibanire yawe bwite (Amateka y'imibanire).
• Ibisobanuro by'ishuri n'aho bakorera.
• Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenzura ibyifuzo byawe.

Ushobora no kubona amakuru yerekeye imyitwarire yawe n'amateka yawe bivuye ku muryango wawe n'inshuti zawe za hafi.

Kugira ngo umenyekane neza ko ufite ``(IED)``, ugomba kugaragaza ko udashobora kugenzura ibyifuzo bibi, nka:

• Cyangwa, ibintu bikunze kubaho kenshi ariko bitangiza byinshi: ni ukuvuga gutukana mu magambo (gutera induru, gutera ubwoba, gutongana) cyangwa gukomeretsa imitungo, inyamaswa, cyangwa abantu (ariko nta gukomeretsa bikomeye cyangwa kwangiza imitungo) bibaho nibura kabiri mu cyumweru mu gihe cy'amezi atatu .
• Cyangwa, ibintu bidasanzwe ariko bikomeye: Ibintu bitatu byangijwe n'imitungo cyangwa ibitero ku nyamaswa cyangwa abantu bigakomeretsa, mu gihe cy'amezi 12 (umwaka umwe) .

Igikuru ni uko urwego rw'uburakari rurenze urugero rw'imimerere kandi rukaba rukomeye cyane. Kandi ibi si ibikorwa byateguwe mbere. Bibaho mu buryo butunguranye, bitewe n'uburakari cyangwa guhubuka. Nanone, muganga azagenzura neza ko ibyo bimenyetso bidaterwa n'indi ndwara yo mu mutwe, indi ndwara y'umubiri, cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Umuntu agomba kuba afite nibura imyaka 6 kugira ngo amenyekane ko afite iyi ndwara, ariko akenshi igaragara bwa mbere mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubwangavu.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara yitwa "Intermittent Explosive Disorder - IED"?

Ubuvuzi bw'iyi ndwara ahanini ni ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe (ubuvuzi bwo kuvugana) ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'imiti. Muganga wawe azagufata icyemezo akurikije imyaka yawe, imiterere n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso byawe.

Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura ni ukugabanya burundu ibimenyetso, cyangwa nibura kugabanya ubukana bw'ikimenyetso kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Nubwo hari abantu bashobora kutabasha gukira neza, intego ni ukurinda umuntu n'abandi umutekano no kugabanya inshuro, ubukana, n'inshuro zo gushya.

`(Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze)` kuri `(IED)`

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi kandi bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ibi. By'umwihariko , ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (CBT) bukoreshwa neza cyane kuri iyi ntego.

>`(CBT)` ni uburyo bwo kuvura bufite gahunda kandi bushingiye ku ntego. Muri ubu buryo, umuvuzi agufasha gusuzuma byimbitse ibitekerezo byawe n'ibyiyumvo byawe. Ushobora gusobanukirwa uburyo ibitekerezo byawe bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe. `(CBT)`, ushobora gukuraho ibitekerezo bibi, bibi n'imyitwarire mibi mu mutwe wawe maze ukiga gutekereza no kwitwara neza. `(IED)` ishobora gufasha abantu bafite `(CBT)` guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi no kugenzura ibyifuzo bitera uburakari.

Bumwe mu buryo bwihariye bukoreshwa kuri IED muri CBT ni:

• Guhindura imitekerereze: Ibi bikubiyemo kumenya no guhindura imyumvire mibi n'ibitekerezo bibi ufite ku bintu bitera uburakari cyangwa ibintu ubona ko ari ibikangisho.
• Imyitozo yo kuruhuka: Guhumeka cyane no kuruhuka imitsi buhoro buhoro (uburyo bwo gukaza no kuruhuka imitsi yo mu mubiri wawe buhoro buhoro mu gihe wiyumvisha ibintu bigutera uburakari) bishobora kugufasha kugabanya uko ubyitwaramo mu gihe urakaye.
• Amahugurwa ku bumenyi bwo guhangana n'ibibazo: Gukina n'umuvuzi, aho uburakari bushobora kuzamuka, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, nko kuva aho hantu.
• Kwirinda gusubira inyuma: Abantu bafite ikibazo cya IED bigishwa ko ari ibisanzwe ko bongera kugira imyitwarire mibi, kandi ko bitagomba gufatwa nk'aho bananiwe, ahubwo ko ari 'ikosa' rito cyangwa 'gusubira inyuma'.

Imiti yo kuvura `(IED)`

Imiti imwe ishobora kongera "umupaka" wawe, bivuze ko ushobora kugabanya uburakari no ku bintu bito cyane.

Fluoxetine (umuti ugabanya ubukana bwa serotonin reuptake inhibitor - SSRI) ni wo muti wigwa cyane mu kuvura IED. Indi miti yakozweho ubushakashatsi kuri IED irimo Phenytoin, Lithium, Oxcarbazepine, na Carbamazepine.

Ubusanzwe abaganga bashobora gutanga ubwoko bw'imiti ya IED:

• `(Imiti igabanya kwiheba)`
• `(Antipsychotics)` (imiti ivura indwara zo mu mutwe)
• `(Imiti igabanya ububabare)` (imiti itangwa ku ndwara nk'igicuri)
• `(Imiti igabanya ububabare)` (Imiti igabanya ububabare)
• `(Ibipimo by'amarangamutima)` (ibiyobyabwenge bituza amarangamutima)

Icy'ingenzi: Iyi miti igomba gufatwa gusa munsi y'ubugenzuzi bwa muganga, mu gipimo cyagenwe, kandi mu gihe cyagenwe. Gufata cyangwa guhagarika imiti uko ubyishakiye bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara yo gushyuha mu gihe gito (IED)?

Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi ndwara:

• Kuba ndi umusore.
• Ubushomeri.
• Kuba uri ingaragu (ntarashaka).
• Urwego rw'uburezi ruri hasi cyane.
• Gukorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri cyangwa mu gitsina, cyane cyane mu bwana.
• Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango wa hafi urwaye indwara yo gushyuha iterwa n'ibisebe.

Niba ufite ubwoba cyangwa gushidikanya ko umwana wawe ashobora kuba afite iyi ndwara, ni byiza kubibwira muganga.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku muntu urwaye indwara yo gutwika ibisasu (IED)?

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bafite IED baba bafite imibereho mibi kandi ubuzima bwabo bukaba buke. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwawe muri rusange, kandi bigatera ibibazo bikomeye mu buzima bwawe bwite, mu muryango wawe, mu kazi no mu mibanire yawe n'abandi.

Inkuru nziza ni uko indwara ya IED ishobora gukemurwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe (CBT) ndetse nibiba ngombwa, imiti. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko indwara ya IED akenshi iba indwara y’igihe kirekire, imara imyaka 12-20, cyangwa ndetse n’ubuzima bwose.

Byongeye kandi, abantu bafite IED bashobora guhura n'izi ndwara zikurikira:

• `(Ihungabana)` (Ihungabana)
• `(Amaganya)` (Amaganya)
• `(Indwara yo gukoresha inzoga)` (Ubusinzi bw'inzoga)
• `(Indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge)` (Ubusinzi bw'ibindi biyobyabwenge)

Icy'ingenzi cyane: Abantu bafite IED bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwikomeretsa (urugero, kwikebagura, gutwika) no kwiyahura. Kubwibyo, niba utekereza ko wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ashobora kuba afite Indwara yo Guturika Iterambere, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba bishoboka.

Nitwara nte mu gihe mfite indwara yo gushyuha mu gihe cy'igihe gito (IED)?

Niba warafashwe n'indwara yo gushyuha mu gihe runaka (Intermittent Explosive Disorder), hari ibintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wirwaneho. Icy'ingenzi muri ibi ni ukugana ubuvuzi bw'inzobere n'ubw'abaganga kandi ukabukomeza. Mu kuvura, ushobora kwiga ibintu byinshi byagufasha kwirinda uburakari, kandi nibubaho, ukabugenzura:

• Uburyo bwo kuruhuka: Ibintu nk'imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka cyane no gutekereza cyane.
• Guhindura uko utekereza (Kuvugurura ibitekerezo): Kumenya no guhindura ibitekerezo bitera uburakari.
• Ubuhanga mu itumanaho: Kwiga kugaragaza amarangamutima yawe n'ibyo ukeneye mu buryo busobanutse neza nta burakari.
• Hindura aho utuye, kandi wige kuva ahantu hagutera imihangayiko niba bishoboka: Hari igihe kuva ahantu cyangwa umuntu runaka igihe gito bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni ukwirinda burundu inzoga n'ibindi biyobyabwenge. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenzura ibyifuzo byawe no kongera ibyago byo kugira imyitwarire mibi.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'indwara yo gushyuha mu gihe gito (Intermittent Explosive Disorder - IED)?

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mwarafashwe n'indwara yo gushyuha mu gihe gito (Intermittent Explosive Disorder), mugomba guhura buri gihe n'itsinda ry'abaganga (umuganga, umuvuzi) kugira ngo barebe niba uburyo muvura (psychotherapy cyangwa imiti) bukora neza kandi niba hari impinduka zigomba gukorwa.

Niba imyitwarire yawe cyangwa iy'umwana wawe irimo guteza akaga cyangwa ibyago ku bandi (abandi bantu, inyamaswa), shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba. Nanone, niba umuntu ufite `(IED)` arimo gutekereza kwiyahura cyangwa kugerageza kwiyahura, ubufasha burakenewe vuba. Nyamuneka menyesha muganga cyangwa umuntu wizeye ako kanya, cyangwa wohereze serivisi y'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe iri hafi yawe (urugero, ishami ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe mu bitaro bya leta).

Wibuke ko indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa n’ibisebe (IED) ari indwara iterwa n’indwara yo mu mutwe. Si ingeso mbi cyangwa ingeso mbi. Kimwe n’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, gushaka ubufasha ukimara kubona ibimenyetso bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibibazo n’ibibazo mu buzima bwawe. Abahanga mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bashobora kuguha gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikubereye kandi ikagufasha gucunga ibitekerezo byawe n’imyitwarire yawe.

Umuryango n'abakunzi b'abantu bafite IED bakunze kumva bafite stress nyinshi, bihebye, kandi bari bonyine. Ni ngombwa kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bwawe no gushaka ubufasha niba ufite ibi bimenyetso. Niba ufitanye umubano n'umuntu ufite IED, tekereza gufata ingamba zo kwirinda wowe n'abana bawe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka tuvuge muri make bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze.

• Indwara yo gushyuha mu mutwe (IED) ni indwara yo mu mutwe ibaho koko. Si "umujinya mubi" cyangwa "umujinya mubi" gusa.
• Iyi ndwara ishobora gukemurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze n'imiti, byaba ngombwa.
• Ni byiza gushaka ubufasha n'ubuvuzi vuba bishoboka kugira ngo ibibazo bikemuke mbere yuko biba bikomeye.
• Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha mu bihe nk'ibi. Ntabwo uri wenyine.
• Kimwe n'umuntu ufite IED, abagize umuryango we bakeneye ubufasha n'ubufasha. Na bo bashobora kubabara.

Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, nyamuneka vugana na muganga cyangwa umujyanama w’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe wujuje ibisabwa.

Indwara yo Guturika mu Buryo Busanzwe, IED, Kurwanya Ishavu, Imyitwarire Itunguranye, Indwara yo mu Mutwe, CBT, Kuvurwa