Ese kureba bigenda bigabanuka uko tugenda dusaza? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye no kwangirika kwa macular (AMD)!

Ese wigeze ugira ibihe bidasanzwe usoma ikinyamakuru cyangwa ureba isura y'umuntu, aho ubona impande gusa, atari hagati neza? Wenda imirongo igororotse ubona, nk'amadirishya, isa n'aho yarambuye kandi ihanamye? Ibi si ibintu bitunguranye gusa. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara y'amaso abantu benshi bagira nyuma y'imyaka 50-60. Ibyo nibyo tuvuga uyu munsi.

Mu magambo make, Kugabanuka kwa Macular ni iki?

Kugabanuka kw'amagufwa y'amaso ni indwara igira ingaruka ku kureba hagati kw'ijisho, ni ukuvuga ibyo tubona iyo tureba imbere. Akenshi bibaho kenshi uko tugenda dusaza. Kubwibyo, byitwa kandi kugabanuka kw'amagufwa y'amaso ashaje cyangwa "Kugabanuka kw'amagufwa ashaje" cyangwa "(AMD)".

Tekereza ijisho ryacu nk'aho ari kamera. Imbere mu jisho, inyuma, hari igice cyitwa 'retina'. Ni cyo gikora nk'icyuma gipima utuntu duto cyane cya kamera. Hagati muri iyi 'retina', agace gato k'ingenzi gafata utuntu duto cyane n'ishusho isobanutse neza y'ibyo tubona ni 'macula'. Dusoma igitabo, tukamenya umuntu, tugatwara imodoka, kandi iki gice cyitwa 'macula' kidufasha muri ibi byose.

Mu gihe cyo kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'amaso, igice cyitwa 'macula' kirangirika. Hanyuma, kureba kwacu hagati kuracika intege. Ariko muri iki gihe, ntabwo tuba duhumye burundu. Kureba impande zombi biracyari byiza. Ibyo bivuze ko nubwo ibyo tureba bisa nkaho bitagaragara neza, ibintu bituzengurutse bishobora kugaragara mu buryo busanzwe.

Iyi ndwara ishobora gufata ijisho rimwe gusa, cyangwa ishobora gufata amaso yombi. Hari igihe ubukana bw'indwara mu maso yombi nabwo bushobora gutandukana.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara? (Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago)

Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, gusaza ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi gitera ibyago. Ibi byago byiyongera nyuma y’imyaka 50-60. Ariko hari n’ibindi bintu byinshi usibye ibyo.

• Amateka y'umuryango: Niba nyoko, papa wawe cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe barwaye iyi ndwara, nawe ushobora kuyirwara.
• Kunywa itabi: Abantu banywa itabi bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura iyi ndwara.
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Ni ngombwa kandi kugira ibiro byiza by'umubiri.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension): Niba ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kuwugenzura neza ni ingenzi cyane ku maso yawe.
• Ibiryo bitari byiza: Si byiza kandi kurya buri gihe ibiryo birimo ibinure byinshi, nk'amavuta, ibiryo bikaranze, n'ibiryo byihuse.
• Abazungu: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abazungu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara kurusha abandi.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'amaso:

Iyi ndwara ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: ubwumye n'ubutose.

Reka kandi twige ku byiciro by'indwara.

Hari ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi by'amaso yumye. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu byiciro bya nyuma, ariko umuganga w'amaso ashobora kubona izi mpinduka hakiri kare mu gihe cyo gusuzuma.

1. Intambwe ya mbere: Impinduka mu macula zaratangiye, ariko kureba ntacyo bihindura.

2. Icyiciro cyo hagati: Kureba biba bitoroshye, iminkanyari itangira kugaragara.

3. Gutinda/Kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru: Iyerekwa ryo hagati rimaze gucika burundu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Abantu benshi ntibabona ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Ibi bimenyetso bitangira kugaragara gusa iyo indwara irushijeho gukomera. Reba niba hari kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso ufite.

• Kutabona neza mu rumuri ruto: Kubona bigabanuka nijoro iyo hari urumuri ruto mu rugo.
• Kubona nabi: Ushobora kumva utabona neza hagati, cyane cyane iyo usoma cyangwa ureba mu maso.
• Impinduka mu kuntu amabara agaragara: Amabara ashobora kugaragara nk'ayijimye kandi agoramye cyane.
• Imirongo igororotse: Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane . Niba ibintu bigororotse nk'amadirishya, imiryango, n'imirongo y'amatafari bisa nkaho byacitse kandi birambuye, ntubyirengagize.
• Kubona utudomo tw'umukara cyangwa utudomo turimo ubusa hagati mu kureba: Kubona akadomo k'umukara cyangwa ahantu hadafite ubusa hagati mu kintu ureba.

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana na muganga w’amaso ako kanya .

Ni gute umuganga abimenya?

Kubera ko indwara yo kwangirika kw'amaso akenshi itagira ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro, ni ngombwa ko ugenzurwa amaso buri mwaka , cyane cyane niba ufite imyaka irenga 50. Ibi bituma muganga wawe amenya indwara hakiri kare kandi agatangira kuvurwa vuba.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, azasuzuma retina yawe na macula kugira ngo arebe niba hari impinduka zabayeho. Ashobora gukora kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira.

• Ikizamini cya Amsler grid: Iyi ni grid ifite grid. Hari akadomo kanini hagati. Muganga azagusaba kureba grid akareba niba hari imirongo yarambuye, yacitse, cyangwa idasobanutse neza. Ibi bishobora kuguha igitekerezo cy'uko ufite iyi ndwara cyangwa niba ikomeye. Ushobora kandi kuyikoresha kugira ngo ukurikirane amaso yawe mu rugo.
• Isuzuma ry'amaso rikozwe mu buryo bwa "dilated eye surgery": Muganga azakoresha ibitonyanga by'amaso kugira ngo yongere imboni yawe hamwe n'ikirahuri cyihariye kugira ngo arebe imbere mu jisho ryawe.
• Isuzuma rya fluorescein angiography: Irangi ry'umuhondo rishyirwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko, kandi kamera yihariye ifata amafoto y'irangi mu gihe rinyura mu mitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba hari amaraso cyangwa amazi arimo kuva munsi y'agahu k'amaso.
• Isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ijisho (OCT): Ibi ni nko gupima imbere mu jisho ryawe. Nta bubabare. Iyo urebye mu jisho ry’imashini, ifata amashusho asobanutse neza y’ibice bitatu (3D) by’igice cya retina na macula biri mu jisho ryawe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?

Ubuvuzi buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ubwoko bwumye

Nta muti wihariye w’ubwoko bw’umusemburo w’umusemburo. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bunini bwitwa "AREDS" na "AREDS2" bwagaragaje ko gufata uruvange runaka rwa vitamine n’imyunyungugu bishobora kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’indwara. Izi ntungamubiri zisanzwe zikubiyemo:

• Vitamine C
• Vitamine E
• Lutein
• Zeaksantine
• Zinc
• Umuringa

Ugomba kuvugana na muganga w'amaso yawe niba ukwiye gufata ibi binini n'ingano yabyo. Ntugafate vitamine gusa.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo mu bwoko bwa Water

Kubera ko ubwoko bw'amazi buba bukomeye, bisaba kuvurwa vuba.

• Inshinge zo kurwanya VEGF: Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi kandi butanga umusaruro mwiza kurusha ubundi bwose. Uyu ni umuti ubuza poroteyine yitwa VEGF, ituma imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso ikura mu jisho. Muganga atera ijisho ibisebe agatera urushinge nta bubabare . Urwo rushinge rimwe na rimwe rushobora kugarura bumwe mu buryo bwo kureba bwari bwarabuze.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mucyo (PDT): Ibi bikubiyemo gutera umuti uvura urumuri mu mitsi hanyuma ugakoresha laser idasanzwe mu jisho kugira ngo usenye imitsi mishya idakenewe.
• Gufunga amaraso hakoreshejwe laser: Umuyoboro wa laser ufite imbaraga nyinshi ukoreshwa mu gufunga/gusenya imiyoboro y'amaraso irimo kuva amaraso. Ariko, ikoreshwa ry'ubu buryo ryagabanutse cyane kuva aho hatangiriye inkingo nshya za `Anti-VEGF`.

Ni gute twakwirinda iki kibazo?

Nubwo bidashobora kwirindwa burundu, hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago.

• Niba unywa itabi, hagarika ako kanya. Iki ni cyo kintu cyiza ushobora gukora.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
• Komeza ugenzure neza umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe na cholesterol.
• Fata indyo yuzuye. Urye imboga, imbuto n'amafi menshi (cyane cyane amafi afite amavuta nka salmon na mackerel).
• Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba zifite uburinzi bwiza ku mirasire ya UV mu gihe ugiye hanze.

Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba hagati bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mirimo ya buri munsi. Bishobora kugorana gusoma igitabo, kumenya amasura no gutwara imodoka. Ibi bishobora gutera kwiheba no guhangayika. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha mu muryango, kandi nibiba ngombwa, gushaka inama kwa muganga.