Reka twige byinshi ku bijyanye no gupima amaso. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe!

Ese wigeze ukorerwa isuzuma ry'amaso? Hari abantu bashobora gutekereza ko ibi ari ngombwa gusa ku bantu bambara indorerwamo. Ariko mu by'ukuri, iki kizamini ni ingenzi cyane kuri buri wese kugira ngo amenye neza uko amaso yacu n'ubuzima bwacu bimeze. Niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira, ushobora gukenera gusuzumwa amaso yawe kenshi.

Gupima amaso ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Muri make, isuzuma ry'amaso ni uburyo umuganga w'amaso asuzuma imiterere y'amaso yawe, uburyo yumva, n'ubuzima bw'amaso yawe. Iki ni ikizamini kidababaza. Gishobora kumenya n'impinduka nto mu maso yawe hakiri kare. Ibi bishobora koroshya kuyavura mbere yuko aba ikibazo gikomeye.

Ni nde ukora ibi bipimo by'amaso?

Ni byiza kumenya ko ibizamini by'amaso byose atari bimwe. Bimwe bikorwa ku mpamvu runaka, ibindi bikaba ibizamini rusange. Nanone, hari abahanga benshi bakora ibi bizamini:

• Abaganga b'amaso: Aba ni abantu bafite impamyabumenyi y'ubuganga (`MD - Ubuganga` cyangwa `DO - Ubuganga bw'Amagufwa`), bivuze ko uretse imyaka ine y'amashuri y'ubuganga, bahawe andi myaka ine y'amahugurwa yihariye (residency) mu ndwara z'amaso. Bamwe bakora andi mahugurwa (`fellowships`) mu nzego zihariye kurushaho. Ni bo bakunze gukora `kubaga amaso`.
• Abaganga b'amaso: Biga ubuvuzi bw'amaso mu gihe cy'imyaka ine, bakabona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu by'amaso (OD). Hari n'abakora amahugurwa y'umwaka umwe yo kuba mu bitaro. Bashobora gusuzuma no kuvura ubwoko bwose bw'indwara z'amaso. Ariko, ntibashobora kubaga.
• Abaganga b'amaso: Aba nabo ni abahanga mu kwita ku maso, ariko ntibasuzuma amaso yawe. Bagufasha guhitamo indorerwamo zikubereye, gupima umutwe wawe n'amaso yawe, no guhindura indorerwamo zawe. Hari ibintu byinshi bakora bigira uruhare mu isuzuma ry'amaso yawe.

Tekereza gato, ni nko kujya kwa muganga usanzwe iyo ufite umuriro, ariko iyo ufite ikibazo cy'amaso, ugomba kujya kwa muganga w'inzobere.

Ubwo bwoko bw'ibipimo by'amaso ni ubuhe?

Uburyo bumwe bwo gushyira mu byiciro ibizamini by'amaso ni ukureba icyo ubikoraho.

• Ibizamini bisanzwe/bisanzwe: Ibi bikorwa ku maso, kimwe n'isuzuma ry'umubiri rya buri mwaka. Ibi bikorwa ku bantu badafite indwara y'amaso cyangwa bakeneye indorerwamo gusa kugira ngo bakosore amaso yabo.
• Ikizamini cyo gukurikirana: Iki ni ikizamini cyihariye. Ibi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe uko ikibazo giteye nyuma y’impanuka cyangwa kubagwa kw’amaso mbere. Nanone, abantu bafite indwara zidakira nka diyabete cyangwa kwangirika kw’amagufwa y’amaso bakunze gukenera ibizamini byo gukurikirana.
• Ibizamini byihutirwa: Ibi bikorwa iyo hari ukeka ko hari ikibazo mu maso yawe, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’impanuka. Urugero, ibikomere byo mu maso, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba, ibikomere byo mu mutwe, nibindi.

Ni iki gikenewe mu isuzuma ry'amaso? Ni ibihe bice birimo?

Hari ibice by'ingenzi bigera kuri 13 bifasha mu gusuzuma amaso byuzuye, cyangwa "birambuye". Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

Ubwa mbere, hari ibice birindwi bireba uko amaso yawe akora n'uko agaragara inyuma:

1. Ubushobozi bwo kureba: Ibi bipima uko ubona neza. Ibi bikunze gupimwa hakoreshejwe imbonerahamwe ya Snellen . Ese wigeze ubona imbonerahamwe ku rukuta ifite inyuguti nini hejuru n'inyuguti nto uko umanuka? Ni uko bimeze.

2. Imiterere y'amaso: Ibi bipima uburyo buri jisho rishobora kubona buri gice cy'umubare w'amaso yawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba hari ahantu hatagaragara.

3. Ingendo n'uburyo zihagaze: Ibi bireba niba amaso yawe ahagaze neza kandi ashobora kwerekeza impande zose adakoresheje umutwe wawe. Muganga azasuzuma ijisho rimwe n'amaso yombi hamwe.

4. Conjunctiva: Iyi ni membrane nto kandi isobanutse neza itwikira igice cy'umweru cy'ijisho ryawe (`sclera`) n'imbere mu jisho ryawe. Muganga azabisuzuma.

5. Inyama zo hanze zikikije (Ocular adnexa): Ibi birimo imboni y'ijisho n'ibindi bice by'ijisho ryawe n'isura yawe. Muganga azasuzuma niba ibyo bice, nk'amaso yawe, imiyoboro y'amarira, n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso turi imbere y'amatwi yawe, bikora neza.

6. Imboni n'ijisho: Imboni ni igice cy'umukara, kizungurutse kiri hagati mu jisho ryawe. Imboni ni impeta iyikikije iha amaso yawe ibara ryayo. Muganga azareba uko imboni ikira urumuri ('pupillary reflexes').

7. Umuvuduko wo mu jisho: Ibi bipima umuvuduko w'amazi ari mu jisho ryawe binyuze mu kurihuhamo umwuka. Iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara nka glaucoma.

Hanyuma, inzobere mu by'amaso izasuzuma ibice bitanu by'ijisho ikoresheje igikoresho cyihariye cyitwa itara rito . Iri tara rifite urumuri n'indorerwamo. Ibi bigufasha kubona neza imbere mu jisho. Hari igihe iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa ukoresheje cyangwa udafite imiti yo kwagura amaso yawe.

8. Kornea: Iyi ni nk'inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kureba niba rimeze neza arireba akoresheje itara rito.

9. Icyumba cy'imbere:Iki cyumba kiri imbere y'ijisho kirimo urujijo rw'amazi , iris, na lenti. Ibi bishobora kugaragara neza kandi byegeranye n'itara rito. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya impinduka mu ndwara nka glaucoma ifunga inguni . Ibi bibaho iyo umuvuduko mu rujijo rw'amazi wiyongereye, bikabuza amazi kugenda cyangwa gusohoka neza.

10. Indorerwamo y'ijisho: Muganga azasuzuma imiterere n'ubuziranenge bw'indorerwamo y'ijisho.

11. Umutsi w'amaso: Muganga azareba disiki y'amaso (aho umutsi w'amaso uhuzwa n'imboni y'ijisho) n'igikombe cy'amaso (agace gafite ishusho nk'iy'igikombe hagati muri disiki) . Bazareba kandi igipimo cy'ishusho hagati y'ishusho. Niba iki gipimo kiri hasi, hashobora kubaho ibyago byo kurwara indwara nka ischemic optic neuropathy .

12. Retina: Itara rito rituma muganga areba neza uru ruhererekane rw'ijisho ryawe rushobora kwangirika inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Azasuzuma niba hari iminkanyari, ibara ryahindutse, cyangwa ibyangiritse.

Kuki ubaza ibintu nko aho uri n'igihe kigeze?

13. Icyerekezo cy'igihe, ahantu n'umuntu: Iki gice cya 13 kirareba uburyo ubwonko bwawe bukora neza. Ibi si bimwe mu bipimo byose by'amaso, ariko bishobora kuba ingenzi cyane mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Kenshi na kenshi, muganga ashobora kubisuzuma nyuma yo kuvugana nawe.

• Icyerekezo cy'igihe: Ese uzi isaha n'umunsi?
• Icyerekezo cy'aho hantu: Ese uzi aho uri n'icyo ukora?
• Icyerekezo cy'uwo muntu: Ese uzi izina ryawe n'ibisobanuro birambuye kuri wowe ubwawe?

Nubwo ibi bibazo bishobora gusa n'ibidasanzwe ku isuzuma ry'amaso, rimwe na rimwe ni ngombwa kubibaza, kuko rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso by'amaso bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso ku bibazo by'ubwonko.

Ese ugomba kwitegura mbere yo kujya kwipimisha amaso?

Ubusanzwe, nta mpamvu yo kwitegura cyane isuzuma rya buri mwaka cyangwa isuzuma rikurikira. Ni nko kujya kwisuzumisha buri mwaka, ushobora kujyayo, ukarangiza isuzuma, hanyuma ugasubira mu mirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Ariko, hari ikintu kimwe ugomba gukora. Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, vitamine, n'inyongeramusaruro ufata. Ni ngombwa ko muganga w'amaso abimenya nk'igice cy'isuzuma, nubwo waba ubifata kubera impamvu zitajyanye n'amaso yawe. Nanone, zana indorerwamo zawe, indorerwamo zo mu maso, n'andi mabwiriza yose wahawe mbere.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Mu gihe cyo gupima amaso, umuganga w'amaso azakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'amaso yawe, impinduka cyangwa ibibazo wabonye vuba aha, hamwe n'ibyabaye mu buvuzi cyangwa impinduka mu buzima bwawe. Hanyuma, azakora ibizamini byinshi byavuzwe haruguru. Bashobora kandi kukugira inama yo gupima ibindi bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe. Umuganga w'amaso azakubwira byinshi kuri ibi bizamini by'inyongera.

Kwagura amaso yawe bituma byorohera inzobere mu by'amaso kubona imbere mu jisho ryawe. Muganga akoresha imiti kugira ngo aruhure imitsi y'amaso yawe by'agateganyo. Ibi biruhura kandi biyifungure. Hanyuma bashobora kureba imbere mu jisho ryawe bakareba niba hari ibibazo bishobora kutagaragara ukundi.

Niba ufite ikosa ryo kuvura amaso kandi ukeneye indorerwamo, inzobere mu by'amaso izapima ikosa riri muri buri jisho ryawe. Hanyuma bashobora kwandika imiti y'indorerwamo izakosora ikosa. Niba ukeneye kwambara indorerwamo z'amaso, bashobora no gupima imboni z'amaso yawe kugira ngo barebe ko zihuye neza.

Bigenda bite nyuma y'ikizamini?

Nyuma yo gupimwa amaso buri gihe, umuganga w'amaso azagusobanurira ibyo yabonye n'uko bikugiraho ingaruka. Niba basanze ukeneye indorerwamo, bazaguha kopi y'inyandiko yawe ya muganga ku rupapuro cyangwa kuri interineti. Amategeko ateganya ko bagomba kuguha kopi, nubwo waba utabishaka. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, amategeko asaba ko intera iri hagati y'amaso yawe y'umukara iyo uguze indorerwamo kuri interineti, iba iri muri serivisi yawe ya muganga. Nubwo ahantu henshi hadasaba ko upima, abaganga bamwe bazabiguha niba ubisabye.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba cornea yawe yagutse, ushobora kugorwa no kubona ibintu byegereye - nka telefoni yawe, ecran ya mudasobwa, cyangwa ibitabo - neza igihe gito nyuma yo gupimwa. Amatara, urumuri rw'izuba, ndetse n'urumuri ruturuka ku ecran z'ibikoresho bishobora gutera ububabare no kubabara.

Ushobora kuzana indorerwamo z'izuba ukazambara nyuma yo kwipimisha. Ibyo bizagufasha gato. Hari igihe kwa muganga baguha amabara y'igihe gito cyangwa ibipfukisho byo gushyira ku ndorerwamo zawe. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kutabona neza ku buryo batwara imodoka nyuma yo kwagura amaso yabo, bityo ni byiza kugira umuntu wo kujyana nawe cyangwa wo kuguherekeza.

Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa no gupimwa amaso?

Igice cyonyine cyo gusuzuma amaso gishobora gutera ibyago cyangwa ingaruka mbi ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kongera ubwiza bw'ijisho ryawe ry'umukara. Ushobora kugira ingaruka mbi niba ufite ubwivumbure kuri ryo. Ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'umuti, ariko ntibikunze kubaho kandi akenshi ni bito. Niba warigeze kugira ikibazo cy'uyu muti mbere, bwira muganga wawe w'amaso. Bashobora kukugira inama yo kuwukoresha.

Ni izihe ngaruka zo gupimwa amaso? Zitubwira iki?

Inzobere mu by'amaso izakubwira icyo yabonye, ​​haba mu gihe cyo gusuzuma cyangwa nyuma yuko birangiye. Bazakugira inama yo kuvurwa no gupimwa ibindi. Niba ukeneye indorerwamo, bazakwandikira kandi imiti.

Ni ryari nkwiye guhamagara inzobere mu by'amaso?

Vugana n'umuganga w'amaso yawe ukimara kubona impinduka mu maso yawe, cyane cyane iyo zibayeho buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kugorwa no gusoma inyandiko nto cyangwa inyandiko, kugabanuka kw'amabara, gupfuka amaso, kubabara amaso, cyangwa kuribwa umutwe mu mpera z'umunsi.

Ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi ni ugutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye, haba mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi, cyangwa igice cyaryo cyangwa ryose. Zimwe mu ndwara zibitera zishobora gutuma umuntu atabasha kubona neza. Zimwe muri zo zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye bishobora kuba:

• Kubona nabi cyangwa gusibangana.
• Umwijima.
• Kumva nk'igitambaro cy'umukara gitwikiriye igice cyangwa ishusho yose mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi.
• Kumva nk'aho urumuri rwinshi cyangwa urumuri rurerure bibuza kureba neza igice cyangwa burundu.

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe, nko kurwara umutwe, zishobora gutera ububabare bw'igihe gito. Niba ufite ikibazo gishobora gutera ububabare bw'igihe gito, vugana n'inzobere mu by'amaso cyangwa muganga. Bashobora kukubwira icyo wakora niba utakaje ubushobozi bwo kubona n'uko wamenya niba ukeneye ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Ni kangahe nkwiye kwipimisha amaso?

Abantu benshi bagomba kwisuzumisha amaso buri mwaka cyangwa ibiri . Nubwo waba ufite amaso 20/20 , ni byiza kwisuzumisha amaso. Nk'uko kwisuzumisha amaso buri mwaka bishobora gufata indwara zitagaragaza ibimenyetso, ni nako kwisuzumisha amaso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'ubuzima n'amaso udashobora kubona cyangwa kumva.

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'amaso cyangwa ibibazo byo kutabona bashobora gukenera gusuzumwa amaso yabo kenshi. Ushobora kandi gukenera gusuzumwa amaso yawe kenshi, nko:

• Niba ufite imyaka irenga 60.
• Niba ufite inkomoko y'umwirabura cyangwa umunya-Hisipaniya.
• Niba ufite umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa ufite umubyibuho ukabije (ni ukuvuga niba BMI yawe - Body Mass Index iri kuri 30 cyangwa irenga).
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima, nka diyabete , gishobora gutera ibibazo by'amaso cyangwa kutabona neza.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka yo kurwara amaso.
• Niba wambaye indorerwamo cyangwa lentile zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses.
• Niba warigeze kubagwa ijisho mbere, gukomereka mu jisho, cyangwa kwangirika kw'ijisho mbere biturutse ku ndwara nka stroke .

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Gusuzuma amaso ni ikintu ushobora gukora buri gihe, nko gusuzuma amaso yawe buri mwaka. Gusuzuma amaso bishobora no gufasha kumenya ibimenyetso by'indwara z'amaso n'ubwonko hakiri kare.

Ushobora gutekereza ko udakeneye kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe (cyane cyane niba utambaye indorerwamo cyangwa contact lenses), ariko ni byiza kubisuzuma. Iyo upimwe, ushobora kubona ibibazo mbere yuko ugaragaza ibimenyetso. Hanyuma, ushobora kubona neza kandi ugakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza, aho kumera nabi. Rero, ntukibagirwe kwita ku maso yawe!

Isuzuma ry'amaso , ubuzima bw'amaso, kureba, abaganga b'amaso, abaganga b'amaso, glaucoma, indorerwamo