Skip to main content

Ese nawe uterwa n'imiti itandukanye? (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity - MCS) Reka tubiganireho!

Ese nawe uterwa n'imiti itandukanye? (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity - MCS) Reka tubiganireho!

Ese hari igihe wumva umerewe nabi mu mubiri wawe? Ese uhita ubona ibimenyetso bidasanzwe nubwo wamaze kubona impumuro runaka, imyuka, cyangwa se ikintu gisukuye? Ntukibaze uti "Kuki ibi bingeraho?" Iyo ni yo ndwara tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Ibi byitwa Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, cyangwa MCS mu magambo ahinnye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire (MCS) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kubabara mu binyabutabire byinshi (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity), cyangwa MCS, ni indwara abantu bamwe bahura n’ibintu bito cyane ndetse n’ibinyabutabire bike cyane, bigatuma bagira ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Ese uzi ibyo bintu? Bishobora kuba icyuma gishyushya umwuka ukoresha, wino mu kinyamakuru, amavuta yo gusukura, parufe, cyangwa umwotsi uva mu modoka.

Tekereza nawe, hari abantu basumira iyo bahumuye indabyo, kandi umuntu urwaye asima akagira ikibazo cyo guhumeka iyo ahumeka umwotsi. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko abantu bibwira ko barwaye MCS baratandukanye gato. Bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye, ndetse no ku rugero ruto cyane, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n'ikintu gito cyane abandi batabona. Hari igihe ibi bimenyetso biba bikomeye cyane ku buryo badashobora no kujya kureba inshuti, kujya ku kazi, cyangwa gukora imirimo yabo ya buri munsi.

Igikuru ni uko ibyo bimenyetso ari ukuri. Ntabwo ari ibintu by’imitekerereze. Ariko, bishobora kugora abaganga kubona impamvu runaka. Imwe mu miryango ikomeye y’ubuvuzi ku isi, nka American Academy of Allergy and Immunology na American Medical Association, ntabwo yemeza ku mugaragaro ko MCS ari indwara. Ariko, muganga wawe arashaka kugufasha kumva umeze neza. Bityo ashobora kukugira inama y’uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa kwirinda ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.

Abandi bita iki kibazo "Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance." Ni ukuvuga igitekerezo nk'"kutihanganira ibintu bidukikije bidafite impamvu ishobora kuboneka."

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MCS?

Ibimenyetso bya MCS bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Nanone, ibi bimenyetso ntibigarukira gusa ku gice kimwe cy'umubiri. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri myinshi. Urugero, ushobora kugira gucika intege mu buryo butunguranye (gucika intege mu mutima) no mu bwonko (gucika intege mu mutwe) kandi ntushobore gutekereza neza. Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora gusa n'ibindi bihe birambye. Urugero, bishobora gusa n'ibimenyetso bya syndrome y'umunaniro udashira (indwara itera umunaniro uhoraho), fibromyalgia (indwara itera ububabare no gukomera mu mubiri wose), na syndrome y'amara irritable (indwara itera ibibazo mu mikorere y'amara).

Ibi ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe abantu benshi bavuga:

  • Guhora numva nta buzima mfite kandi ntameze neza.
  • Kumva urimo gushyuha nk'udushinge mu ruhu (ibi byitwa "Paresthesia").
  • Kumva uhambiriye kandi uhambiriye mu gituza no mu muhogo.
  • Kugorwa no guhumeka.
  • Isesemi, kumva ushaka kuruka.
  • Ukwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'umutima (`(Palpitations)`).
  • Kumva umubiri wawe urimo kunyeganyega.
  • Kubira ibyuya.
  • Kumva ufite intege nke mu mubiri.
  • Kugorwa no kwibanda ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, kumva nta kintu na kimwe wibuka (ibi byitwa "Ubwonko bw'ibihumyo").
  • Kumva ufite ubwoba cyangwa uhangayitse, nk'aho hari ikintu kinini kigiye kubaho nta mpamvu.
  • Kumva ushaka kuruka.
  • Kumva utameze neza ku buryo ushaka guhunga ukava aho uri.

Tekereza, iyo ugiye mu iduka, impumuro y'amazi yo gusukura igutera urujijo, ntushobora guhumeka, kandi wumva ugomba guhita ugenda. Cyangwa, iyo unyuze hafi y'umubavu w'umuntu, ubabara umutwe cyane. Ibi ni byo bishobora kujyana na `(MCS)`.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera (MCS)?

Nta gushidikanya ko hari imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu ngo zacu no mu kazi ishobora guteza ibibazo ku ruhu rwacu no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ariko, hari ukutumvikana hagati y'impuguke ku bijyanye no kumenya niba nubwo hari ingano nto cyane y'iyi miti ishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'uko abantu babivuga. Ibipimo bya siyansi ntibirabasha kubigaragaza neza.

Impuguke zimwe zizera ko bishobora guterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije n’ibintu bifitanye isano n’imitekerereze (nk’imihangayiko). Abandi bavuga ko bishobora guterwa n’uko hari abantu bafite impumuro nyinshi, cyangwa bitewe n’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budashobora gukora neza.

Ibi ni ibintu dukunze kubona hafi yacu bivugwa ko bifitanye isano n'iyo ndwara (MCS):

  • Ibikoresho bihumura umwuka/deodorizers
  • Ibikoresho byo gusukura
  • Deodorants, parufe na cologne
  • Itabi n'umwotsi w'itabi (`(Itabi n'umwotsi w'itabi)`)
  • Imihanda ya kaburimbo n'imyotsi ituruka kuri kaburimbo
  • Umwotsi wa mazutu na lisansi
  • Imashini ikuraho inzara n'imisumari
  • Varnish, shellac na lacquer
  • Irangi rigabanya irangi (`(Irangi rigabanya irangi)`)
  • Ikaramu, ikinyamakuru cyangwa ikinyamakuru wino (`(ikaramu, ikinyamakuru cyangwa ikinyamakuru wino)`)

Iyo ubonye uru rutonde, ushobora gutekereza uti: "Wow, ibi ni ibintu byose dukoresha buri munsi." Ibyo ni ukuri. Ariko ku bibwira ko bafite `(MCS)`, ndetse n'ikintu gito muri ibi gishobora kuba ikibazo.

Abaganga bapima bate indwara ya MCS?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, si abaganga bose bemera ko MCS ari indwara yemewe. Nanone, nta bipimo byihariye bitangwa kugira ngo bisuzumwe. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bisanzwe by'imikorere y'ingingo akenshi biba ari ibisanzwe. Niyo mpamvu bigoye kumenya impamvu nyayo y'iki kibazo cy'ubuzima.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, abanza gutega amatwi witonze ibimenyetso byawe. Azakubaza amateka yawe y'ubuzima bwa kera n'imiti iyo ari yo yose ushobora guhura nayo ku kazi. Ashobora kandi gukora ibizamini by'amaraso by'ibanze. Bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, umuganga wawe w'ibanze (Umuganga w'ibanze/Umuganga w'umuryango) ashobora kukwohereza ku baganga b'inzobere benshi.

Ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa:

  • Ibipimo by'ubwivumbure
  • Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha
  • Isuzuma ry'imitsi

Ibi bizamini bigamije gukuraho izindi mpamvu zitera ibimenyetso byawe, kuko nubwo waba utekereza ko urwaye MCS, hashobora kuba hari indi mpamvu y’ubuvuzi.

Ese birashoboka gukira indwara yo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire byinshi (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity)?

Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura MCS buhari. Ariko, ushobora gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ucunge ibimenyetso byawe. Ushobora kandi gushaka uburyo bwo kwirinda ibintu bigutera kurwara, nk'imiti cyangwa ibintu bigutera kurwara. Ibi bishobora gufata igihe kandi bishobora gusaba kugerageza no gukora amakosa.

Hari abantu basanze uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu maso, nka EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), bufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso biterwa n’ibintu runaka bitera indwara.

Niba ufite izindi ndwara zigira uruhare mu kugaragaza ibimenyetso byawe (urugero: asima, guhangayika), muganga wawe azagusaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura izo ndwara.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubangamira mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, cyane cyane niba udashobora kubona impamvu, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga. Akenshi ni byiza gutangira ugana muganga wawe w’ibanze (cyangwa umuganga w’umuryango). Ashobora kukuganiriza akagufasha kubona impamvu, akakubwira uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso byawe, kandi akakohereza kwa muganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi niba bibaye ngombwa.

Kugira ibimenyetso bidasanzwe udashobora kumenya birababaza. Hari igihe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Twese twifuza kumenya icyadutera kurwara n'uko twabikemura. Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'"Multiple Chemical Sensitivity". Rero, akenshi birashoboka kubona ikindi gisobanuro. Ufatanyije na muganga wawe, ushobora kubona igisubizo kizagufasha kubona ubutabazi.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Niba rero utekereza ko nawe ufite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiti itandukanye nk'iyi, ntugahangayike. Ntugakomereke wenyine.

1. Andika ibimenyetso byawe: Andika neza ibintu bikubangamiye n'ibimenyetso ubona.

2. Kubonana na muganga: Kubonana na muganga w'umuryango wawe umubwire ibi byose. Azagufasha.

3. Kuraho izindi mpamvu: Ni ngombwa kugenzura niba hari indi mpamvu y'uburwayi bwawe.

4. Gerageza kwirinda ibintu bitera imbaraga: Irinde impumuro n'imiti ubona ko bikubangamira uko bishoboka kose.

5. Tekereza ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe: Kubana n'indwara nk'iyi bishobora kugutera imihangayiko. Niba bibaye ngombwa, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo.

Wibuke ko utari wenyine. Uramutse uhawe ubuyobozi n'inkunga bikwiye, ushobora kwihanganira iki kibazo no kubaho ubuzima bwiza.


Uburwayi bw'ibinyabutabire, MCS, ubwivumbure ku bidukikije, ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kuvura, inama z'abaganga, ubuzima

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha

Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.

Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha 9 + 3 =
Ese nawe uterwa n'imiti itandukanye? (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity - MCS) Reka tubiganireho!
Indwara n'imiterere2026 Nyakanga 15

Ese nawe uterwa n'imiti itandukanye? (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity - MCS) Reka tubiganireho!

Ese hari igihe wumva umerewe nabi mu mubiri wawe? Ese uhita ubona ibimenyetso bidasanzwe nubwo wamaze kubona impumuro runaka, imyuka, cyangwa se ikintu gisukuye? Ntukibaze uti "Kuki ibi bingeraho?" Iyo ni yo ndwara tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Ibi byitwa Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, cyangwa MCS mu magambo ahinnye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire (MCS) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kubabara mu binyabutabire byinshi (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity), cyangwa MCS, ni indwara abantu bamwe bahura n’ibintu bito cyane ndetse n’ibinyabutabire bike cyane, bigatuma bagira ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Ese uzi ibyo bintu? Bishobora kuba icyuma gishyushya umwuka ukoresha, wino mu kinyamakuru, amavuta yo gusukura, parufe, cyangwa umwotsi uva mu modoka.

Tekereza nawe, hari abantu basumira iyo bahumuye indabyo, kandi umuntu urwaye asima akagira ikibazo cyo guhumeka iyo ahumeka umwotsi. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko abantu bibwira ko barwaye MCS baratandukanye gato. Bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye, ndetse no ku rugero ruto cyane, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n'ikintu gito cyane abandi batabona. Hari igihe ibi bimenyetso biba bikomeye cyane ku buryo badashobora no kujya kureba inshuti, kujya ku kazi, cyangwa gukora imirimo yabo ya buri munsi.

Igikuru ni uko ibyo bimenyetso ari ukuri. Ntabwo ari ibintu by’imitekerereze. Ariko, bishobora kugora abaganga kubona impamvu runaka. Imwe mu miryango ikomeye y’ubuvuzi ku isi, nka American Academy of Allergy and Immunology na American Medical Association, ntabwo yemeza ku mugaragaro ko MCS ari indwara. Ariko, muganga wawe arashaka kugufasha kumva umeze neza. Bityo ashobora kukugira inama y’uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa kwirinda ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.

Abandi bita iki kibazo "Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance." Ni ukuvuga igitekerezo nk'"kutihanganira ibintu bidukikije bidafite impamvu ishobora kuboneka."

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MCS?

Ibimenyetso bya MCS bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Nanone, ibi bimenyetso ntibigarukira gusa ku gice kimwe cy'umubiri. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umubiri myinshi. Urugero, ushobora kugira gucika intege mu buryo butunguranye (gucika intege mu mutima) no mu bwonko (gucika intege mu mutwe) kandi ntushobore gutekereza neza. Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora gusa n'ibindi bihe birambye. Urugero, bishobora gusa n'ibimenyetso bya syndrome y'umunaniro udashira (indwara itera umunaniro uhoraho), fibromyalgia (indwara itera ububabare no gukomera mu mubiri wose), na syndrome y'amara irritable (indwara itera ibibazo mu mikorere y'amara).

Ibi ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe abantu benshi bavuga:

  • Guhora numva nta buzima mfite kandi ntameze neza.
  • Kumva urimo gushyuha nk'udushinge mu ruhu (ibi byitwa "Paresthesia").
  • Kumva uhambiriye kandi uhambiriye mu gituza no mu muhogo.
  • Kugorwa no guhumeka.
  • Isesemi, kumva ushaka kuruka.
  • Ukwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'umutima (`(Palpitations)`).
  • Kumva umubiri wawe urimo kunyeganyega.
  • Kubira ibyuya.
  • Kumva ufite intege nke mu mubiri.
  • Kugorwa no kwibanda ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, kumva nta kintu na kimwe wibuka (ibi byitwa "Ubwonko bw'ibihumyo").
  • Kumva ufite ubwoba cyangwa uhangayitse, nk'aho hari ikintu kinini kigiye kubaho nta mpamvu.
  • Kumva ushaka kuruka.
  • Kumva utameze neza ku buryo ushaka guhunga ukava aho uri.

Tekereza, iyo ugiye mu iduka, impumuro y'amazi yo gusukura igutera urujijo, ntushobora guhumeka, kandi wumva ugomba guhita ugenda. Cyangwa, iyo unyuze hafi y'umubavu w'umuntu, ubabara umutwe cyane. Ibi ni byo bishobora kujyana na `(MCS)`.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera (MCS)?

Nta gushidikanya ko hari imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu ngo zacu no mu kazi ishobora guteza ibibazo ku ruhu rwacu no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ariko, hari ukutumvikana hagati y'impuguke ku bijyanye no kumenya niba nubwo hari ingano nto cyane y'iyi miti ishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'uko abantu babivuga. Ibipimo bya siyansi ntibirabasha kubigaragaza neza.

Impuguke zimwe zizera ko bishobora guterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije n’ibintu bifitanye isano n’imitekerereze (nk’imihangayiko). Abandi bavuga ko bishobora guterwa n’uko hari abantu bafite impumuro nyinshi, cyangwa bitewe n’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budashobora gukora neza.

Ibi ni ibintu dukunze kubona hafi yacu bivugwa ko bifitanye isano n'iyo ndwara (MCS):

  • Ibikoresho bihumura umwuka/deodorizers
  • Ibikoresho byo gusukura
  • Deodorants, parufe na cologne
  • Itabi n'umwotsi w'itabi (`(Itabi n'umwotsi w'itabi)`)
  • Imihanda ya kaburimbo n'imyotsi ituruka kuri kaburimbo
  • Umwotsi wa mazutu na lisansi
  • Imashini ikuraho inzara n'imisumari
  • Varnish, shellac na lacquer
  • Irangi rigabanya irangi (`(Irangi rigabanya irangi)`)
  • Ikaramu, ikinyamakuru cyangwa ikinyamakuru wino (`(ikaramu, ikinyamakuru cyangwa ikinyamakuru wino)`)

Iyo ubonye uru rutonde, ushobora gutekereza uti: "Wow, ibi ni ibintu byose dukoresha buri munsi." Ibyo ni ukuri. Ariko ku bibwira ko bafite `(MCS)`, ndetse n'ikintu gito muri ibi gishobora kuba ikibazo.

Abaganga bapima bate indwara ya MCS?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, si abaganga bose bemera ko MCS ari indwara yemewe. Nanone, nta bipimo byihariye bitangwa kugira ngo bisuzumwe. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bisanzwe by'imikorere y'ingingo akenshi biba ari ibisanzwe. Niyo mpamvu bigoye kumenya impamvu nyayo y'iki kibazo cy'ubuzima.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, abanza gutega amatwi witonze ibimenyetso byawe. Azakubaza amateka yawe y'ubuzima bwa kera n'imiti iyo ari yo yose ushobora guhura nayo ku kazi. Ashobora kandi gukora ibizamini by'amaraso by'ibanze. Bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, umuganga wawe w'ibanze (Umuganga w'ibanze/Umuganga w'umuryango) ashobora kukwohereza ku baganga b'inzobere benshi.

Ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa:

  • Ibipimo by'ubwivumbure
  • Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha
  • Isuzuma ry'imitsi

Ibi bizamini bigamije gukuraho izindi mpamvu zitera ibimenyetso byawe, kuko nubwo waba utekereza ko urwaye MCS, hashobora kuba hari indi mpamvu y’ubuvuzi.

Ese birashoboka gukira indwara yo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire byinshi (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity)?

Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura MCS buhari. Ariko, ushobora gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo ucunge ibimenyetso byawe. Ushobora kandi gushaka uburyo bwo kwirinda ibintu bigutera kurwara, nk'imiti cyangwa ibintu bigutera kurwara. Ibi bishobora gufata igihe kandi bishobora gusaba kugerageza no gukora amakosa.

Hari abantu basanze uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu maso, nka EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), bufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso biterwa n’ibintu runaka bitera indwara.

Niba ufite izindi ndwara zigira uruhare mu kugaragaza ibimenyetso byawe (urugero: asima, guhangayika), muganga wawe azagusaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura izo ndwara.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikubangamira mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, cyane cyane niba udashobora kubona impamvu, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga. Akenshi ni byiza gutangira ugana muganga wawe w’ibanze (cyangwa umuganga w’umuryango). Ashobora kukuganiriza akagufasha kubona impamvu, akakubwira uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso byawe, kandi akakohereza kwa muganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi niba bibaye ngombwa.

Kugira ibimenyetso bidasanzwe udashobora kumenya birababaza. Hari igihe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Twese twifuza kumenya icyadutera kurwara n'uko twabikemura. Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'"Multiple Chemical Sensitivity". Rero, akenshi birashoboka kubona ikindi gisobanuro. Ufatanyije na muganga wawe, ushobora kubona igisubizo kizagufasha kubona ubutabazi.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Niba rero utekereza ko nawe ufite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiti itandukanye nk'iyi, ntugahangayike. Ntugakomereke wenyine.

1. Andika ibimenyetso byawe: Andika neza ibintu bikubangamiye n'ibimenyetso ubona.

2. Kubonana na muganga: Kubonana na muganga w'umuryango wawe umubwire ibi byose. Azagufasha.

3. Kuraho izindi mpamvu: Ni ngombwa kugenzura niba hari indi mpamvu y'uburwayi bwawe.

4. Gerageza kwirinda ibintu bitera imbaraga: Irinde impumuro n'imiti ubona ko bikubangamira uko bishoboka kose.

5. Tekereza ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe: Kubana n'indwara nk'iyi bishobora kugutera imihangayiko. Niba bibaye ngombwa, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo.

Wibuke ko utari wenyine. Uramutse uhawe ubuyobozi n'inkunga bikwiye, ushobora kwihanganira iki kibazo no kubaho ubuzima bwiza.


Uburwayi bw'ibinyabutabire, MCS, ubwivumbure ku bidukikije, ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kuvura, inama z'abaganga, ubuzima

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha

Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.

Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha 9 + 3 =