Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo bibaho vuba cyane iyo ushaka kwimura ukuboko kwawe? Cyangwa uburyo dusubiza ukuboko kwacu inyuma nyuma yo gukora ku kintu gishyushye? Ibi byose bibaho bitewe n'ubutumwa bwihuse cyane bw'amashanyarazi buva mu bwonko bwacu bujya mu bindi bice by'umubiri wacu, kandi buva mu bice by'umubiri wacu bujya mu bwonko bwacu. Rero, uturemangingo tw'imitsi yacu dufite 'igitambaro cyo kurinda' kidasanzwe kiyikikije gifasha ubwo butumwa kugenda vuba kandi nta kibazo. Ni cyo twita Myelin Sheath . Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubu buryo butangaje bwa myelin sheath.
Mu magambo make, iki gitambaro cya myelin ni iki?
Tekereza ko amashanyarazi ari mu nzu yacu ari insinga imwe. Iyo nsinga ifite igipfundikizo cya pulasitiki kiyikikije. Kuki ari uko bimeze? Kimwe ni uko irinda insinga. Ikindi ni uko ifasha amashanyarazi kugenda vuba aho agomba kujya, adatemba ajya ahandi.
Ibyo ni ko bimeze no ku gice cy'umuyoboro wa myelin. Iki ni igipfundikizo cyihariye gikozwe muri lipide na poroteyine . Iki gice cy'umuyoboro wa myelin gifatanye n'igice kirekire cyane cy'imitsi yacu, ari na cyo 'gikoresho' cy'ingenzi gitanga ubutumwa. Ibi ntibirinda gusa uturemangingo tw'imitsi, ahubwo binafasha ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kugenda vuba kandi neza.
Reka tubanze dusobanukirwe gato ku bice by'uturemangingo tw'imitsi.
Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, reka tugereranye neuron n'igiti gito. Hanyuma ushobora kubyibuka byoroshye cyane.
1. Umubiri w'uturemangingo (Soma): Ibi bimeze nk'imizi y'igiti. Nk'uko imizi y'igiti ikura intungamubiri mu butaka, dendrites , ari zo ngingo z'umubiri w'uturemangingo zisa n'imizi, 'zikura' ubutumwa bwa shimi buturutse ku tundi turemangingo tw'imitsi twegereye. Ubwo butumwa bwa shimi buhindurwamo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Igice cy'ingirabuzimafatizo nacyo kiri muri iki gice.
2. Axon: Iki ni igice kirekire gisa n'igiti cy'igiti. Nk'uko intungamubiri ziva mu mizi y'igiti zizamuka mu giti, ni nako ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bikorerwa mu mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo bigenda kuri iyi axon.
3. Axon Terminal: Ibi bimeze nk'utubuto turi ku mpera z'amashami y'igiti. Kimwe n'amababi n'indabyo biva muri ayo mababi, axon terminal 'irekura' icyo kimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi ku ngirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi ikurikira.
Uku ni ko ubutumwa buva mu ngirabuzimafatizo imwe bujya mu yindi. Ni nk'isiganwa ryo gusiganwa. Uku ni ko ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bwacu no mu ruti rw'umugongo mu mibiri yacu yose. Imitsi yo mu maboko yawe irakora, uhumeka, umutima wawe uratera, ibi byose bigenzurwa n'iyi nzira itangaje yo gutumanaho.
Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi y'agahu ka myelin?
Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, agace ka myelin gafite imirimo itatu y'ingenzi.
- Gutanga umutekano: kimwe n'amashanyaraziKimwe n'ibumba rya pulasitiki rizunguruka insinga, iri pfundikizo ry'ibinure na poroteyine ritanga uburinzi bwiza ku gice cy'imitsi.
- Kwihutisha: Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Agakoresho ka myelin gatuma ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi binyura vuba cyane kandi neza biva mu turemangingo tw'imitsi tujya mu tundi.
- Kugumana imbaraga z'ikimenyetso: Uko ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kigenda kuri axon, gishobora gucika intege. Ariko, agace ka myelin gafasha kugumana imbaraga z'ikimenyetso nta kugigabanya .
Mu magambo make, iyo hatabayeho sheath ya myelin, ubutumwa mu mibiri yacu bwaba butinze cyane kandi budakora neza. Byaba bimeze nko kugerageza kugenda uva Colombo ujya Matara unyuze mu mihanda yo mu cyaro idafite umuhanda munini.
Bigenda bite iyo agahu ka myelin kangiritse?
Hari uturemangingo tw’imitsi tugera kuri miliyari 100 mu mubiri wacu duhora dukoresha. Ibikorwa byacu byose bigenzurwa n’ubu butumwa. Tekereza rero uko byagenda iyo agahu ka myelin gakikije utwo turemangingo tw’imitsi kangiritse. Hanyuma ibyo bimenyetso by’amashanyarazi byihuta byatangira kugenda buhoro buhoro, cyangwa bigahagarara burundu .
Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi ndwara ni uko ubudahangarwa bwacu bw’umubiri bwibeshya ko sheath ya myelin ari ikintu cyangiza umubiri uhereye inyuma. Hanyuma, uturemangingo twacu tw’umubiri dutangira kwibasira sheath ya myelin. Iki gitero cyangiza myelin. Iyi nzira twita demyelination . Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ndetse n’uturemangingo dukora myelin turangirika. Muri ubu buryo, tugaragaza ibimenyetso bitandukanye bitewe n’aho sheath ya myelin yangiritse.
Ni izihe ndwara zangiza agahu ka myelin?
Hari indwara nyinshi zangiza sheath ya myelin. Ushobora kuba warumvise zimwe muri zo. Reka tugabanye izi ndwara mu byiciro bibiri: izigira ingaruka ku mitsi yacu yo hagati (CNS), ari yo ubwonko n'umugongo, n'izigira ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu gice cy'inyuma (PNS), ari yo mitsi isigaye y'umubiri.
| Indwara zangiza myelin mu mitsi yo hagati (CNS) | |
|---|---|
| Izina ry'indwara | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
| Sclerosis nyinshi (MS) | Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kandi izwi cyane mu ndwara zangiza myelin. Yibasira myelin mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo. |
| Indwara ya encephalomyelitis ikwirakwira mu buryo butunguranye | Iyi ni indwara ikomeye kandi itunguranye ibaho mu mitsi yo hagati. Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara gake cyane. |
| Myelite ihinduranya | Iyi ni indwara iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri itera ububyimbirwe mu mugongo. |
| Neuromyelitis optica | Aha, abasirikare b’umubiri bigarurira imitsi y’amaso n’umugongo. |
| Indwara zangiza myelin mu mitsi yo mu gice cy'imyakura (PNS) | |
|---|---|
| Izina ry'indwara | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
| Indwara ya Guillain-Barre | Indwara ikunze kubaho nyuma yo kwandura. Ni gake cyane, ishobora no kubaho nyuma yo gukingirwa. |
| Ubwinshi bw'indwara zifata imirasire y'amaraso mu mubiri (CIDP) | Iyi ni indwara igenda ikura buhoro buhoro yibasira myelin. |
| Indwara y'amenyo ya Charcot Marie | Iyi ni indwara ikomoka ku mizingo, bivuze indwara y'imitsi ikomoka ku turemangingo. |
| Kubura umuringa | Kubura urugero rw'imyunyu ngugu mu mubiri bishobora kwangiza no kugabanya imikorere y'uburinzi bwa myelin. |
Ese myelin ishobora kwangirika kubera izindi mpamvu?
Yego. Uretse indwara zavuzwe haruguru, agace ka myelin gashobora kwangirika bitewe n'izindi mpamvu nyinshi.
- Stroke: Iterwa n'uko amaraso atembera nabi mu bwonko.
- Indwara n'ibibazo by'imikorere y'umubiri: Biterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe n'ibibazo by'imikorere y'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri.
- Uburozi: Kurya uburozi bumwe na bumwe.
- Kubura Vitamine B12: Iyi vitamine ni ingenzi mu gukora myelin.
- Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti: Urugero, imiti nka ethambutol.
- Kunywa inzoga nyinshi: Kunywa inzoga igihe kirekire nabyo byangiza myelin.
Byongeye kandi, mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane, nk'indwara ya Tay-Sachs, agahu ka myelin gashobora kudakora neza.
Ese kwangirika kwa myelin gushobora gusubizwa inyuma?
Iki ni cyo kibazo cy'ingenzi kuri buri wese. Inkuru nziza ni uko, yego, birashoboka gusana myelin yangiritse . Uku gusana gushobora kubaho haba mu bwonko bwacu bwo hagati no mu bwonko bwo mu gice cyo hagati.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi kuri ibi ni ukugenzura ibintu by’ingenzi bitera kwangirika kwa myelin. Urugero, ni ngombwa cyane gutanga imiti nka steroid kugira ngo igenzure ububyimbirwe buterwa n'imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, no gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bugenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri/uburyo bwo guhindura ubukana bw'umubiri).
Abahanga mu bya siyansi ubu barimo gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku buryo bwo gusana myelin yangiritse. Nubwo nta muti wemewe wo gusana myelin uraboneka, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza icyizere gikomeye ku hazaza.
- Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko umuti wa "clemastine" ufite ubushobozi bwo gusana myelin.
- Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa ku kumenya niba myelin ishobora kuvugururwa hakoreshejwe uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo.
- Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa ku miti irinda uturemangingo tw’imitsi kwangirika kurushaho.
Rero, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko hari amahirwe menshi yo kuvura neza abarwayi bangiritse na myelin mu gihe kizaza.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Agati ka myelin ni igipfundikizo gikingira uturemangingo tw’imitsi yacu gikora nk’igipfundikizo cya pulasitiki ku nsinga z’amashanyarazi.
- Niyo mpamvu ubutumwa bw'amashanyarazi mu mubiri wacu bugenda vuba kandi neza.
- Agati ka myelin gashobora kwangirika bitewe n'ikosa mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu cyangwa izindi mpamvu. Ibi tubyita demyelination.
- Indwara zikomeye nka Multiple Sclerosis (MS) na Guillain-Barre syndrome ziterwa no kwangirika k'agace k'amaraso gafata myelin.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi nko kugira ibinya, intege nke, cyangwa kugenda bigoranye, ni ngombwa ko uhita ubonana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama.
- Umubiri ufite ubushobozi bwo gusana myelin yangiritse, kandi abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo bushya bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha muri ibi.
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