Uturemangingo tw’imitsi ni two dutangaje cyane mu mubiri wacu. Ni two dugenzura ibyo dutekereza, twumva, n’ibyo dukora byose. Bityo rero, n’ikibazo gito muri ubwo buryo bw’imitsi gishobora kubangamira umunsi wacu wose. Ushobora kuba warigeze kugira ibintu nko kuribwa umutwe no gucika intege mu ngingo zawe. Icyo gihe ni bwo tugomba gutekereza ku muganga w’indwara z’imitsi.

Uyu muganga w’indwara z’imitsi ni nde?

Muri make, inzobere mu by'imitsi ni umuganga usuzuma, avura, akanavura indwara zifitanye isano n'ubwonko bwacu, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imitsi mu mubiri wacu wose . Uturemangingo tw'imitsi ni nk'aho umubiri wacu ukorera. Ibyo dutekereza, twumva, n'ibyo dukora byose, kuva ku buryo dukoresha amaboko yacu kugeza ku buryo umutima wacu utera, bigenzurwa n'ubu buryo. Bityo aba baganga basobanukiwe neza imiterere, imikorere, n'indwara z'utwo dutsi.

None se hari n'abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi ku bana bato?

Yego rwose! Ndetse n'abana bato bashobora kugira ibibazo mu mitsi yabo. Inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi mu bana ni umuganga usuzuma kandi akavura indwara zo mu bwonko n'iz'imitsi z'abana, kuva ku bana bavutse kugeza ku bana bato. Uretse indwara zimwe na zimwe zifata abantu bakuru, aba baganga banakita cyane ku ndwara z'imikurire n'iz'abana bavukana. Tekereza gato, hari abana bashobora kuvuka bafite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo mu bwonko. Ni bwo ubu buhanga buba ingirakamaro cyane.

Umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi ni nde?

Hashobora kubaho urujijo gato hano. Inzobere mu by’imitsi n’inzobere mu kubaga indwara z’ubwonko ni abantu babiri batandukanye. Inzobere mu kubaga indwara z’ubwonko ni umuganga ukorera ubwonko, uruti rw’umugongo n’imitsi. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe z’imitsi zidashobora kuvurwa n’imiti gusa kandi zisaba kubagwa. Muri ibyo bihe, serivisi z’inzobere mu kubaga indwara z’ubwonko zirakenewe. Ariko, akenshi, ni inzobere mu by’imitsi ibanza gusuzuma indwara, kandi nibiba ngombwa, yohereza umurwayi kwa muganga ubaga.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi avura?

Mu by’ukuri, ubwoko bw’indwara abaganga b’indwara z’imitsi bavura ni bwinshi cyane. Reka turebe zimwe muri zo z’ingenzi.

• Indwara ya Alzheimer n'izindi ndwara zo kwibagirwa: Ushobora kuba warigeze kubyumva. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ugutakaza kwibuka buhoro buhoro uko ugenda usaza.
• ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis): Iyi ni indwara aho imitsi y'umubiri igenda icika intege buhoro buhoro.
• Ibikomere byo mu bwonko n'umugongo cyangwa ubumuga bw'imitsi y'amaraso: Ibibazo bishobora kubaho iyo ugonze umutwe wawe mu mpanuka cyangwa niba hari ikintu kibaye ku mugongo wawe.
• Imitsi yo mu bwonko n'ihindagurika ry'imitsi: Ibi ni ibintu biteje akaga cyane bishobora gutera kuva amaraso mu bwonko.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko no kubabara mu bwonko: Ibi akenshi bishobora kuvurwa umuntu akiri muto.
• Gukubitwa mu mutwe: Ingaruka z'igihe gito ku bwonko ziterwa no gukubitwa ku mutwe. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu gihe ukina siporo.
• Encephalitis: Indwara iterwa n'umugera winjira mu bwonko, bigatuma ubwonko bubyimba.
• Igicuri: Nanone cyitwa ihungabana, riterwa n'impinduka mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko.
• Indwara zo kubabara mu maso: Hari abantu bagira ububabare bukabije ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura yabo.
• Kuribwa umutwe/Migraines: Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bahura nacyo. Hari ubwo kuribwa umutwe gukomeye cyane.
• Hydrocephalus: Kwirundanya kw'amazi mu bwonko.
• Meningite: Kubyimba kw'udusimba dukikije ubwonko guterwa n'ubwandu.
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n'imyitwarire: Hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo mu mutwe bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mpinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Iyi ni indwara itera kwangirika kw'ibikingira bikikije imitsi.
• Myasthenia Gravis na Myopathies: Izi ni indwara zica intege imitsi.
• Ububabare mu ijosi, mu mugongo no mu ruti rw'umugongo: Abantu benshi bababara ubwo bubabare.
• Indwara ya Parkinson: Ibimenyetso birimo guhinda umushyitsi no kugenda buhoro.
• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu birenge: Kwangirika kw'imitsi yo mu birenge. Ibi bishobora kubaho ku bantu barwaye diyabete.
• Indwara zo gusinzira: Kudasinzira neza nabyo bishobora kuba ikibazo cy'imitsi.
• Stroke: Indwara ibaho iyo amaraso atembera mu bwonko cyangwa umutsi w'amaraso uturitse.
• Guhinda umushyitsi, Dystonia: Ibintu nko kunyeganyega kw'ingingo, kunyeganyega kw'ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri ku bushake.
• Ibibyimba mu bwonko, mu ruti rw'umugongo no mu mitsi: Ibi kandi bisaba kwitabwaho n'inzobere mu by'imitsi.

Ni gute umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi asuzuma neza indwara?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’indwara z’imitsi, abanza kukubaza amateka y’ubuzima bwawe, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ikibazo nk’icyo, imiti ufata, n’ibimenyetso ufite ubu . Hanyuma, azagukorera isuzuma ryihariye ry’imitsi yawe. Ibintu by’ingenzi bazareba ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kuringaniza umubiri wawe, uburyo ugenda, n'uburyo ugenda.
• Ingufu z'imitsi yawe.
• Imiterere yawe yo mu mutwe.
• Ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona, kumva no kuvuga.
• IbyaweIbyiyumvo by'umubiri.

Byongeye kandi, ibizamini by'amaraso n'inkari bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubukana bw'indwara cyangwa harebwe urugero rw'imiti. Hari igihe ibizamini by'uturemangingo bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba indwara ari umurage. Inyigo zigaragaza amashusho zishobora no gukorwa kugira ngo hafatwe amafoto y'imitsi. Ibi byose bikoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere nyayo y'indwara.

Ni ibihe bizamini aba baganga b'indwara z'imitsi bakora?

Hari ibizamini bitandukanye bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma neza indwara y'imitsi. Si buri wese ukeneye gukora ibi bizamini byose. Muganga wawe ni we uzaguhitiramo ibizamini byo gukora bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe. Reka turebe bimwe muri byo.

• Angiography: Iyi suzuma niba hari imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye, yangiritse, cyangwa hari ibitagenda neza mu mitsi yo mu bwonko bwawe, mu mutwe no mu ijosi. Ishobora kumenya ibintu nk'imitsi ifite amaraso menshi ndetse n'imitsi yangiritse.
• Gupima umubiri: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'umubiri kugira ngo gasuzumwe. Gashobora kuba imitsi, imitsi, cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubwonko.
• Isesengura ry'amazi yo mu bwonko: Ingero nto y'amazi akikije ubwonko bwacu n'umugongo irafatwa ikageragezwa. Ibi bifasha kumenya ibintu nko kuva amaraso mu bwonko, ubwandu, indwara nka sclerosis nyinshi, n'indwara z'imikorere y'umubiri.
• Gupima CT (Computed Tomography - CT), Gupima MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI), X-rays, na Ultrasound: Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi. Ubu ni ubwoko bwa scan bufata amafoto y'imbere mu mubiri.
• EEG (Electroencephalography - EEG): Iyi EEG ipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu bwonko bwawe. Ikoreshwa mu kumenya ibintu nk'ibisebe, indwara zandurira mu bwonko (nk'indwara zo mu bwonko), ibikomere byo mu bwonko, n'ibibyimba.
• EMG (Electromyography - EMG): Iyi mashini ipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imitsi. Ishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi, gukanda kw'umugongo, n'indwara z'imitsi nka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• ENG (Electronystagmography - ENG): Iri tsinda ry'ibizamini rireba ibintu nko kwimuka kw'amaso ku bushake, kuzungera, n'ibibazo byo kuringaniza imiterere y'umubiri.
• Ingufu Ziterwa: Ibi bipima uburyo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biva mu maso, mu matwi, cyangwa mu gukora ku ruhu bijya mu bwonko vuba kandi neza. Bishobora kumenya indwara nka multiple sclerosis, acoustic neuroma, n'ibikomere byo mu mugongo.
• Mielography: Ibi bifasha kumenya ibintu nk'ibibyimba, ibice bya herniated, n'amagufwa yavunitse mu ruti rw'umugongo n'urw'umugongo.
• Polysomnogram: Iyi ikoreshwa mu gupima indwara ziterwa no gusinzira hapimwa ubwonko n'imikorere y'umubiri mu gihe cyo gusinzira.
• Isuzuma rya PET (Positron Emission Tomography - PET): Iri suzuma ryerekana ibibyimba, cyangwa rikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara nka igicuri, ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, n'indwara ya Alzheimer.
• Isuzuma rya SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography - SPECT): Rishobora kandi kumenya ibibyimba n'indwara zandura. Rikoreshwa kandi mu gusuzuma aho indwara z'ibicurane ziherereye, indwara z'umugongo zigenda zigabanuka, ndetse n'imvune ziterwa n'imihangayiko.
• Thermography: Iyi shusho ipima impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu mubiri cyangwa ku rugingo. Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibintu nk'indwara z'ububabare, indwara z'imitsi yo mu gice cy'umubiri, n'imitsi igabanya umuvuduko w'imitsi.

Ni ryari twagombye kubonana n'umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi?

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti 'Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kubonana n'uyu muganga?' Hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe tugomba guhangayikishwa na byo tukimara kubibona. Reba niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Gutakaza kwibuka, kwibagirwa kenshi: Iyo wibagirwa utuntu duto kenshi, ntabwo ari ibisanzwe.
• Gutakaza ubwenge: Iyo utakaje ubwenge butunguranye ukagwa.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe: Ibimenyetso birimo kuribwa mu nda no gutemba amate.
• Impinduka mu buryohe n'impumuro: Iyo utakaje ubushobozi bwo kumva uburyohe cyangwa kumva impumuro y'ibiryo mu buryo butunguranye.
• Ibibazo byo kutabona: Ijisho rimwe rirahumye, amaso abiri rirahumye, kureba bisa nkaho bitagaragara neza.
• Kubabara mu maguru no mu birenge: Iyo ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru kumeze nk'ibihumye, nk'aho amaraso yahagaze gutemba, cyangwa iyo bimeze nk'udushinge.
• Ubudasa bw'isura: Iyo uruhande rumwe rw'isura rutandukanye n'urundi (urugero, ijisho rimwe riragwa, ntirishobore kumwenyura neza).
• Vertigo, Tinnitus, no kutumva: Iyo ukunze kugira isereri, urusaku mu matwi, cyangwa kutumva neza.
• Kugorwa no kumira, gushwanyagurika, kugorwa no kuzamura amatugu, guhindukiza ijosi, no kugorwa no kunyeganyeza ururimi.
• Intege nke z'imitsi, imitsi irahindagurika, irahindagurika.
• Ububabare bumeze nk'ubushyuhe ahantu hose mu mubiri, cyangwa nk'umuriro uterwa n'amashanyarazi.
• Kubabara mu ijosi cyangwa mu mugongo, kuribwa umutwe: Iyo ibi bikunze kubaho cyangwa bikomeye.
• Kugenda nabi no gutakaza uburinganire mu gihe ugenda n'amaguru.
• Guhinda umushyitsi.
• Ingendo zigenda buhoro.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso, ntugatinye. Ariko, ni byiza kureba umuganga mukuru kugira ngo akugire inama. Arashobora kukwerekeza kwa muganga w'indwara z'imitsi niba bibaye ngombwa.

Witegura ute iyo ugiye kubonana n'umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi?

Iyo ugiye kubonana na muganga, cyane cyane umuntu nk'inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi, ni byiza ko witegura. Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Andika urutonde rw'ibintu by'ingenzi wifuza kuganiraho na muganga wawe. Hari igihe twibagirwa ibyo dushaka kubaza iyo tugiye kwa muganga.
• Mbwira impinduka zose ziherutse kubaho mu buzima bwawe muri rusange.
• Sobanura ibimenyetso bishya ufite cyangwa impinduka mu bimenyetso wagize. Niba bishoboka, andika ikaye y'ibimenyetso . Andika igihe n'uko byagiye bibaho, igihe byamaze, ubukana bwabyo, niba hari ikintu cyabiteye kuba bibi kurushaho, ibimenyetso byari bimeze bite, n'icyo wakoze kugira ngo ubikize. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku ndwara nk'igicuri, kubura ibitotsi, kuribwa umutwe, n'indwara ya Parkinson.
• Kwakira kopi z'ibizamini byakozwe n'abandi baganga, CD zifite scan, na raporo za laboratwari.
• Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose, vitamine, inyongeramusaruro, n'imiti gakondo urimo gufata ubu. Tubwire kandi imiti iyo ari yo yose itagufashije mu bihe byashize cyangwa yaguteje ingaruka mbi.
• Zana urutonde rw'ibintu bitera ubwivumbure.
• Niba bishoboka, jyana n'inshuti cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe. Bashobora kwandika ibyo muganga avuga, bakabyumva mu buryo bwa kabiri, bakabaza ibibazo, kandi bakakwibutsa gutegura gahunda yo gukurikirana.
• Niba ushaka kuvuga ku bindi bibazo, baza niba dushobora kubigenera igihe gitandukanye.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kwiga kugira ngo ube inzobere nk'iyo?

Ni byiza kubimenya kandi. Kuba umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi si ikintu cyoroshye gukora. Bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo umuntu yige kandi ahugurwe.

• Umaze gutsinda neza ibizamini byo mu rwego rusanzwe n'ibyo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ugomba kurangiza impamyabumenyi y'ubuganga muri kaminuza mu myaka ine kugeza kuri itanu.
• Hanyuma ugomba kurangiza imyitozo ngororamubiri y'umwaka umwe.
• Nyuma y'ibyo, ugomba gukora amahugurwa yihariye y'imyaka itatu kugeza kuri ine (residency) mu bijyanye n'indwara z'imitsi.
• Bamwe barushaho gukora ibindi byinshi bagahabwa andi mwaka cyangwa ibiri y’amahugurwa yihariye (Ubusabane) mu rundi rwego rw’ubuvuzi bw’imitsi.

Urabona rero ko ugomba kumara imyaka irenga 10-12 kuri ibi.

Ni izihe ngero zindi ziri mu bumenyi bw'imitsi?

Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi ni urwego rwagutse cyane. Bufite kandi amashami y’inzobere yemerera ubundi buvuzi bw’inzobere. Dore ingero nke:

• Umuti w'indwara zo mu bwonko
• Ubumenyi bw'imitsi y'abana - Twabiganiriyeho mbere.
• Ubumenyi bw'imitsi yo mu bwonko - Ubuhanga mu bizamini nka EEG na EMG.
• Indwara y'igicuri
• Umuti w'umutwe
• Ubumenyi bw'imitsi bw'abageze mu zabukuru - Ku bijyanye n'indwara z'imitsi mu bageze mu zabukuru.
• Ubumuga bw'imitsi - ibibazo by'imikurire bibaho mu bwana.
• Umuti w'ububabare
• Umuti wo gusinzira
• Ubumenyi bw'imitsi n'amaraso - ku ndwara nk'indwara zo mu bwonko.

Hari n'ibindi byinshi nk'ibi. Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kubona umuganga wihariye mu kibazo runaka ufite.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Rero, ubu birakugaragara neza ko inzobere mu ndwara z’imitsi ari umuntu usuzuma, akavura, akanavura indwara zifitanye isano n’ubwonko bwacu, uruti rw’umugongo n’imitsi.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'imitsi, ntubyirengagize. Banza urebe muganga w'umuryango wawe. Arashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'indwara z'imitsi niba bibaye ngombwa.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, itegure, usobanure amakuru yawe yose, kandi ntutinye kubaza ibibazo. Umuganga w’indwara z’imitsi arahari kugira ngo agupime, aguhe ubuvuzi bwiza bushoboka, kandi agufashe. Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi hari abaganga bashobora kugufasha muri uru rugendo.

` Inzobere mu by'imitsi, indwara zo mu bwonko, indwara z'imitsi, kuribwa umutwe, igicuri, gucika imitsi