Reka twige ku ndwara z'imitsi mu buryo bworoshye.

Ese hari igihe wumva udafite imbaraga, biragoye guterura ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, cyangwa amaguru yawe agacika intege iyo ugenda, kandi imitsi yawe igacika intege buhoro buhoro? Ibi si ibintu bitunguranye gusa. Birashoboka ko inyuma y'ibi bimenyetso hari indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, ni ukuvuga indwara yitwa "Imiterere y'Imitsi". Ntugahangayike, nta kintu na kimwe ugomba gutinya nyuma yo kumva ibi. Reka tuvuge kuri byose mu buryo busobanutse kandi bworoshye.

Indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iri ni itsinda ry'indwara zigira ingaruka ku bice by'imitsi yacu, cyane cyane imitsi yo mu mpande ( imitsi isohoka mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo), imitsi, cyangwa itumanaho riri hagati yabyo. Tekereza nawe, ingendo z'umubiri wacu ziba iyo ubutumwa buturutse mu bwonko bunyuze mu mitsi kugira ngo bukore imitsi. Iyo hari ikibazo ahantu runaka muri iyo nzira, izi ndwara zishobora kubaho.

Izi ndwara zikunze gutera intege nke z'imitsi , kwangirika kw'imitsi cyangwa gutakaza imbaraga (gucika intege kw'imitsi) , hamwe n'impinduka mu kumva (nk'ibishishwa cyangwa gucika intege). Ariko, hari n'ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kubaho, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara.

Izi ndwara ni izihe? Zigira ingaruka zite ku mibiri yacu?

Indwara z'imitsi n'amagufwa si indwara imwe. Ni itsinda ry'indwara kandi buri tsinda rigizwe n'indwara zitandukanye. Zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bikurikira by'urusobe rw'imitsi n'amagufwa:

• Uturemangingo tw'ihembe ry'imbere ry'umugongo
• Imizi y'imitsi (harimo kandi n'agatsi k'umuzi w'inyuma)
• Imiyoboro y'imitsi `(Plexuses)` (urugero: `(brachial plexus)` - ifitanye isano n'urutugu, `(lumbosacral plexus)` - ifitanye isano n'ijosi)
• Imitsi yo mu mpande
• Ihuriro ry'imitsi n'imitsi
• Imitsi y'imitsi

Noneho reka turebe indwara zigira ingaruka kuri buri gice muri ibi mu buryo burambuye.

Indwara ziterwa n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi (Anterior horn cells) tw'umugongo

Izi akenshi ziba ari indwara zikomeza kwiyongera zisenya imitsi iyobora imikorere y'umubiri . Imitsi iyobora imikorere y'umubiri ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo mu bwonko bwacu no mu ruti rw'umugongo tudufasha kugenda, nko kugenda, kuvuga no guhumeka. Utu turemangingo dutwara ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bujya mu mitsi.

By’umwihariko, "Anterior horn cells" ni uturemangingo tw’imitsi duto mu gice cy’umugongo cy’umukara. Ni ingenzi mu gutuma imitsi yacu igenda. Iyo utwo turemangingo twangiritse, imitsi itakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyitera (denervation) igacika intege.

Indwara z'ingenzi ziri muri iki cyiciro ni izi:

• ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) cyangwa indwara ya Lou Gehrig
• Kunanirwa kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo (SMA)
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo (SBMA) cyangwa indwara ya Kennedy
• Polio

Ibibazo bifitanye isano na Plexus (Plexopathies)

Imitsi iva mu ruti rw'umugongo ku rwego rutandukanye amaherezo irahurira hamwe igakora urusobe rugoye, cyangwa plexus . Dufite plexus ya brachial mu maboko yacu yo hejuru, naho plexus ya lumbar cyangwa plexus ya lumbosacral mu maboko yacu yo hasi, iherereye mu ijosi ryacu.

Iyi mitsi ishobora kwangirika, gukandamizwa, cyangwa kubyimba, ibyo bikaba byatera ububabare, gucika intege, gucika intege, no gucika intege mu kuboko cyangwa ku kuguru byafashwe.

Indwara ziterwa n'imitsi

Imizi y'imitsi ni amashami magufi y'umutsi w'uruti rw'umugongo. Imitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo ituruka mu magufwa y'uruti rw'umugongo. Buri mutsi w'uruti rw'umugongo ufite imizi y'imitsi iyobora umubiri n'imizi y'imitsi iyobora umubiri. Imizi y'imitsi iyobora umubiri niho ubutumwa buva mu bwonko n'umutsi w'uruti rw'umugongo bugera mu mitsi binyuze mu mitsi yo mu gice cy'umugongo.

Iyo imizi y'imitsi ikandamijwe n'ingingo ziyikikije, ububabare n'ibinya bishobora kubaho mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Ibi byitwa 'radiculopathy' . Iyo imizi y'imitsi ikandamijwe, imitsi iracika intege.

Hari ubwoko bwa radiculopathy bitewe n'aho umutsi w'umugongo ukandagiye:

• Indwara ya radiculopathy yo mu mura
• Kuva hagati kugeza hejuru y'igituza (`(gutera radiculopathy mu gituza)`)
• Indwara ya radiculopathy yo mu kibuno cyangwa mu kibuno (ifitanye isano n'ijosi n'umugongo wo hasi)

Indwara ziterwa n'imitsi yo mu mpande

Indwara ya peripheral neuropathy ni ijambo rusange rikoreshwa ku ndwara iyo ari yo yose ifata imitsi iri hanze y'ubwonko n'umugongo (peripheral nerves). Hari ubwoko butandukanye n'impamvu zibitera. Iyo imitsi yo ku ruhande idakora neza, ntidushobora kwimura imitsi yacu. Niyo mpamvu izi ndwara nazo ziri mu itsinda rinini ry'indwara z'imitsi.

Indwara z'imitsi yo mu mpande zishobora gufata ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri gusa, cyangwa zishobora gufata umubiri wose. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa peripheral neuropathy ni ubwo mu maboko no mu birenge, cyane cyane mu ntoki. Urugero, bamwe mu bantu barwaye diyabete bagira ibinya mu birenge byabo, nk'aho badashobora kumva ubutaka. Uru ni urugero rw'ibi.

Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Kwangirika kw'imitsi guterwa na diyabete
• Bitewe no kunywa inzoga nyinshi (indwara yo kunywa inzoga)
• Imirire mibi
• Indwara yitwa `Amyloidosis`
• Impamvu zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ku murage (urugero: indwara ya Charcot-Marie-Tooth)
• Impamvu ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'ububyimbirwe (urugero: `(Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy - CIDP)`, `(Guillain-Barré syndrome)`)
• Guhura n'ibintu by'uburozi (urugero: imiti ihumanya nk'amazi yo gusukura, imiti yica udukoko)

Indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi

Urusobe rw'imitsi mu bwonko (NMJ) ni isano (synapse) iri hagati y'aho umutsi uyobora uhurira n'imitsi. Kugira ngo imitsi ihuze n'imitsi, imitsi iyobora irekura ikintu cyitwa acetylcholine binyuze muri urwo rusobe. Iyo hari inenge muri uru rusobe rw'imitsi, indwara ziterwa n'urusobe rw'imitsi mu bwonko zibaho.

Indwara z'ingenzi zifata iyi ngingo ni izi:

• `Botulisme` (indwara ishobora guterwa n'uburozi bw'ibiryo)
• `Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)`
• `Myasthenia Gravis`

Indwara z'imitsi (Myopathies)

Myopathies ni indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yacu y'amagufwa (imitsi ifata ku magufwa yacu). Izi ndwara zangiza imitsi kandi zigaca intege imitsi. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa myopathies. Zimwe ni indwara zivukanwa (zikomoka ku maraso cyangwa iz'uruhererekane). Zimwe zishobora kuvuka nyuma y'ubuzima.

Ariko, imvune zitaziguye nko gushwanyagurika, gukurura, cyangwa gukomereka kw'imitsi ntiziri muri iki cyiciro cya "myopathies".

Kurwara kw'imitsi

Kurwara imitsi ni itsinda ry'indwara zirenga mirongo itatu zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi bitewe n'impamvu za genetiki (zikomoka ku nkomoko). Zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi ni izi:

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) - Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane.
• "Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)"
• `Myotonic dystrophy`
• "Kurwara kw'imitsi yo mu maso (Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy) (OPMD)"

Myopathies zirwanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'izirwanya ububyimbirwe

Izi ni indwara zibangamira imikorere y'imitsi bitewe n'ubusembwa mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ingero:

• `Dermatomyositis`
• `Polymyositi`
• "Myopathy iterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri"

Izindi ndwara za Myopathies

Indwara z'imitsi zishobora kubaho kubera izindi mpamvu zitandukanye:

• Kudahuza kwa electrolyte : Urugero, kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso (hypercalcemia) cyangwa potasiyumu nyinshi mu maraso (hyperkalemia) bishobora gutera ibibazo by'imitsi.
• Myopathies y'imisemburo : Kudahuza kw'imisemburo bibangamira imikorere y'imitsi. Urugero,Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ibibazo bya tiroyide, parathyroid glands , cyangwa adrenal glands .
• Myopathies ya metabolisma : Ibi biterwa n'ubusembwa mu turemangingo twigisha imitsi gukora enzymes. Urugero: indwara zo kubika glycogen, ibibazo byo kubika lipide.
• Mitochondria myopathies : Ibi biterwa n'ubusembwa muri mitochondria, ibice by'uturemangingo bikora ingufu.
• Gupfa kw'imitsi mu gihe runaka : Iri ni itsinda ry'indwara z'imitsi zivukanwa. Muri ibi, imitsi iracika intege rimwe na rimwe kandi ntishobore gucika intege.
• Indwara z'imitsi zihumanya: Izi ziterwa n'uburozi cyangwa umuti ubangamira imiterere cyangwa imikorere y'imitsi.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu mitsi n'imitsi?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara y’imitsi yo mu mpande ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane muri izi ndwara. Ibyo biterwa nuko ifite amoko menshi atandukanye n’impamvu. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko abantu barenga miliyoni 20 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bafite ubwoko bumwe bw’indwara y’imitsi yo mu mpande.

Ariko abantu benshi ntibatekereza ko `(peripheral neuropathy)` ari `(neuromuscular disorders)`, kuko bafite icyiciro cyihariye. Ariko, `(indwara z'imitsi)` twese twumvise, ariko mu by'ukuri zikaba zidakunze kugaragara, ni `(ALS) ` na `Muscular Dystrophy` .

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'izi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara z'imitsi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Ariko ibimenyetso bisanzwe bifitanye isano n'imitsi birimo:

• Ubunebwe bw'imitsi (kugorwa no guterura ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, kudashobora guterura ibintu biremereye)
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi ( gutakaza imitsi no gutakaza imbaraga)
• Kunyara kw'imitsi (fasciculations), kuribwa mu nda, cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Kubabara imitsi
• Kugorama kw'imitsi (Spasticity)
• Kugorwa no kugenda
• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza no guhuza ibikorwa
• Amaso y'ijisho arembye cyangwa ibindi bice by'isura
• Kugorwa no kuvuga (dysarthria) bitewe n'intege nke z'imitsi y'ururimi cyangwa umunwa/isura
• Kugorwa no kumira (dysphagia) bitewe n'intege nke z'imitsi yo mu kibuno
• Kugorwa no guhumeka bitewe n'intege nke z'imitsi ya diaphragm

Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:

• Umunaniro
• Gucika intege
• Ibyiyumviro bidasanzwe nk'ibimonyo bigenda cyangwa udushinge (paresthesia)

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikirana, cyane cyane iyo imitsi igize intege nke mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa buhoro buhoro, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga.

Kuki izi ndwara zibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Hariho impamvu nyinshi zitera indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi. Ariko, zimwe muri zo ni iz'imiterere y'umubiri . Ibi bivuze ko zishobora guterwa n'uturemangingo twarazwe n'ababyeyi cyangwa impinduka mu buryo butunguranye muri gene (mutation). Izi ndwara zishobora guterwa n'inenge iri muri gene imwe cyangwa se inenge muri gene nyinshi.

Zimwe mu ndwara z’imitsi ni indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri . Ibi bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bwacu bw’umubiri bwibasira uturemangingo twacu. Izindi zishobora guterwa n’impanuka, kubura imirire, indwara y’imikorere mibi y’umubiri, guhura n’uburozi, cyangwa kubyimba. Hari igihe nta mpamvu iboneka.

Ni gute umuganga asuzuma izi ndwara?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, azakubaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira iyi ndwara, imiti ufata, n'ibimenyetso ufite. Hanyuma, bazakora isuzuma rusange ry'umubiri n'isuzuma ry'imitsi . Iki kizamini gishobora kureba ibibazo biri mu bwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imitsi yo mu gice cyo hagati (harimo n'imitsi).

Ushobora kandi koherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara z’imitsi kugira ngo akorerwe ibizamini birambuye. Ibindi bizamini bishobora gufasha kwemeza izi ndwara birimo:

• Electromyography (EMG) : Ibi bipima ubuzima n'imikorere y'imitsi yawe n'imitsi iyiyobora.
• Ikizamini cyo kuyobora imitsi : Iki kizasuzuma imikorere y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umubiri wawe.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso : Ibi bishobora gusuzuma ibintu bitandukanye, nko kutagira imikorere myiza ya enzymes n'ibimenyetso by'indwara z'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.
• Ibizamini byo gupima : Ibizamini nka MRI , CT scan , na neuromuscular ultrasound bishobora "kureba" niba hari ikibazo kiri mu bwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa imitsi.
• Biopsy y'imitsi: Muri iki kizamini , hafatwa icyitegererezo gito cy'imitsi yawe maze umuganga w'indwara akayisuzuma akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe niba nta kibazo kirimo.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo : Ibi bizamini bifasha kwemeza zimwe mu ndwara z'imitsi n'amaraso mu buryo bw'uturemangingo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura izi ndwara?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'imitsi n'amagufwa butandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Muri rusange, indwara nyinshi z'imitsi n'amagufwa ntizishobora gukira burundu. Ariko, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso, guhagarika ikwirakwira ry'indwara, cyangwa kugabanya ikwirakwira ryayo. Gahunda yawe yo kuvura ishobora kuba ikubiyemo:

• Imiti
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri n'ubuvuzi bw'akazi
• Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire
• Ubuvuzi bw'imirire
• Ibikoresho byorohereza ingendo
• Ubundi buryo bwo kwa muganga, harimo no kubaga

Akenshi, inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi (cyane cyane inzobere mu mitsi yo mu bwonko) ni we uzaba umuganga wawe w'ibanze wita kuri izi ndwara. Ariko, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara, ushobora gukenera ubufasha bw'izindi nzobere n'abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi. Muri izi ndwara hashobora kuba harimo:

• Abavuzi b'umubiri n'abavuzi b'akazi
• Abaganga b'indwara za rubagimpande
• Abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi n'abavuzi b'indwara z'ubuhumekero
• Abahanga mu by'indwara
• Abaganga b'inzobere mu kubaga
• Abaganga b'amagufwa
• Abahanga mu by'indwara z'ururimi
• Abahanga mu mirire
• Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu
• Abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ubana n'ubu bwoko bw'indwara?

Indwara nyinshi z'imitsi n'imitsi ni iz'igihe kirekire (zidakira) . Ibi bivuze ko zishobora kumara ubuzima bwose. Nubwo nta muti uhari, imiti n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso, guhagarika ikwirakwira ry'indwara, cyangwa kuyigabanya. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'icyo wakwitega, bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.

Indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi ni ubwoko bunini bw'indwara zigira ingaruka cyane cyane ku mikorere y'imitsi n'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umubiri. Niba ugize intege nke z'imitsi zitunguranye cyangwa zitasobanuwe, vugana na muganga. Ashobora gusuzuma ibimenyetso byawe no kukugira inama yo gusuzuma kugira ngo amenye icyabiteye.

Amaherezo, ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ntutinye kumva izina ry'indwara z'imitsi. Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zishobora gukemurwa no kumenyekana hakiri kare, kuvurwa neza no gufatwa neza. Icy'ingenzi ni uko, niba ufite ibimenyetso bidasanzwe (cyane cyane intege nke z'imitsi, gucika intege, kugorwa no kugenda),Ntukabirengagize ahubwo shaka inama z'abaganga ako kanya.

Wibuke ko utari wenyine. Hari abaganga b'abahanga, abavuzi, n'amatsinda y'abaterankunga bashobora kugufasha guhangana n'ibi bibazo. Kubona amakuru nyayo no gufata ingamba hakiri kare ni yo nzira nziza yo kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Indwara z'imitsi, indwara z'imitsi, Indwara z'imitsi, ALS, Kurwara kw'imitsi, Ubudahangarwa bw'imitsi mu gice cyo hagati, Myasthenia Gravis