Ese waba waratwawe na nikotine? (Ubusinzi bwa nikotine / Indwara yo gukoresha itabi) Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ese wigeze ubona umuntu avuga ko adashobora kubaho atanywa itabi, cyangwa akitwara nk'aho adashobora kubaho atanywa itabi rimwe na rimwe buri munsi? Wenda nawe wahuye n'ikibazo nk'icyo. Impamvu y'ibi ni ukuba imbata y'ikintu cyitwa nikotine . Ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye nkuko ubyibwira, ariko ntugahangayike, reka tuvuge ku mpamvu nyamukuru.

Guterwa na Nikotine ni iki?

Muri make, nikotine ni ikintu gitera imbaraga kiboneka mu ruganda rw'itabi. Iyo ukoresheje ibikomoka ku itabi (itabi, itabi, beedis, snuff, ifu y'umushongi, nibindi), nikotine yinjira mu mubiri wawe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, umubiri wawe umenyera uru rugero rwa nikotine. Hanyuma, umubiri wawe uhinduka umushongi wa nikotine. Ibi ni byo twita kwishingikiriza kuri nikotine cyangwa ikibazo cyo gukoresha itabi .

Uku kwishingikiriza ku bandi kuragira ingaruka ku bintu bibiri by'ingenzi:

• Kuba umuntu ukunda gukoresha nikotine: Iki ni cyo gihe umubiri wawe utangira kugira ibibazo iyo uhagaritse gukoresha nikotine. Ibi tubyita ibimenyetso byo kuyireka . Urugero, ushobora kumva udatuje kandi uhangayitse.
• Kuba umuntu ukunda ibintu byo mu mutwe: Iki ni cyo gihe wumva udashobora kumara umunsi wose udafite nikotine. Byabaye igice cy'imirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Urugero, umuntu ufite akamenyero ko kunywa itabi ari kumwe n'ikawa ye mu gitondo ashobora kugorwa no gutangira umunsi atayinyoye.

Igitera imbaraga ni iki?

Ibitera imbaraga nka nikotine byihutisha urujya n'uruza rw'ubutumwa hagati y'ubwonko bwawe n'umubiri wawe. Ibi bituma ubwonko bwawe busohora ikintu cyitwa dopamine . Iyi dopamine niyo ituma wumva wishimye kandi unyuzwe. Ibitera imbaraga kandi bigutera kumva uri maso kandi umerewe neza.

Ese koko nikotine irakurura abantu?

Yego rwose. Nikotine ni ikintu gikurura cyane . Iyo ukoresheje nikotine, ihindura uburyo ubwonko bwawe bukora. Izi mpinduka ni zo zituma uba imbata ya nikotine.

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane n'ubusinzi bwa nikotine?

Ubusinzi bwa nikotine bushobora kwibasira abantu b'imyaka iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane ku rubyiruko, cyane cyane abana bari mu kigero cyo kujya mu ishuri . Kubera ko ubwonko bukiri gukura bakiri bato, amahirwe yo kuba imbata ya nikotine ari menshi cyane.

Byagaragaye ko mu rwego rwa siyansi, uko utangira gukoresha nikotine ukiri muto, ari ko uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kuba imbata. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Amerika bwagaragaje ko abana batatu kuri bane banywa itabi mu mashuri yisumbuye bakomeza kurinywa bamaze gukura.

Ubusinzi bwa nikotine bukunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu barenga miliyoni 23, cyangwa hafi 8.5% by'abantu barengeje imyaka 12, barwaye iyi ndwara. Iyi ndwara igaragara no muri Sri Lanka.

Ese kunywa itabi ry’amazi (vape) bishobora no gutuma umuntu abagwa mu businzi bwa nikotine?

Yego rwose. Ushobora kuba imbata y'ikintu cyose kirimo nikotine. Ibi birimo itabi (nk'itabi, itabi ritabirwa mu kanwa, n'itabi rihekenya) ndetse n'itabi ry'ikoranabuhanga, rikoreshwa mu kunywa itabi . Hari abantu batekereza ko kunywa itabi ritabirwa mu kanwa nta ngaruka mbi nk'itabi rikoresha, ariko riracyarimo nikotine, bityo ibyago byo kubyibasirwa na ryo ni bimwe.

Ese gukoresha nikotine ni akamenyero cyangwa ni ukuba imbata?

Nikotine ni ikintu gitera umuntu kumererwa nabi . Iyi ndwara, iyo umubiri wawe wifuza nikotine mu buryo bw'umubiri cyangwa mu bwenge, tuyita indwara yitwa Indwara yo Kunywa Itabi . Nikotine ituma ikintu cyitwa dopamine gisohoka mu "binezeza" (imirongo y'impembo) mu bwonko bwawe. Ibi biguha ibyishimo by'igihe gito no kuruhuka. Iyo ibyo byishimo bishize, wongera kubyifuza.

Gukoresha nikotine nabyo bishobora kuba akamenyero. Urugero, niba ugize akamenyero ko kunywa itabi buri gitondo ubyutse, biba kimwe mu bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kuba umuntu ukunda kunywa nikotine n'indwara yo kunywa itabi?

Kwishingikiriza kuri nikotine ni igihe umubiri wawe umenyera nikotine n'ibyiyumvo bitera. Indwara yo gukoresha itabi , cyangwa kwishora muri nikotine, ni igihe umubiri wawe ukeneye nikotine kugira ngo wirinde ibimenyetso byo kuyireka . Nikotine igira ingaruka ku "bintu by'ibyishimo" mu bwonko bwawe, bigatuma irushaho kuba imbata.

Ese nikotine cyangwa kafeyine ni byo birushaho kuba imbata?

Kafeyine ni ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa mu ikawa, icyayi, n'ibindi binyobwa bidasembuye. Kafeyine ishobora no kuba imbata y'ibiyobyabwenge iyo umubiri wawe umaze kumenyera.

Kafeyine na nikotine byombi birekura dopamine mu bwonko. Ariko, ingano ya dopamine irekurwa na kafeyine ni nto cyane. Kubera ko nikotine ihindura uburyo ubwonko bukora, ni kimwe mu bintu bitera imbaraga nyinshi ku isi.

Kuki ibi bikurura nikotine? Bikugiraho izihe ngaruka?

Impamvu nyamukuru yo kuba imbata ya nikotine ni ugukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi. Iyo ukoresheje ikintu kiva mu itabi, nikotine ijya mu bihaha byawe maze ihita yinjizwa mu maraso yawe . Iyo imaze kugera mu maraso yawe, ijya mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Irekura dopamine mu bwonko bwawe, ikaguha ibyishimo by'igihe gito no kunyurwa.

Iyo "ibyiyumvo byiza" birangiye (ubusanzwe mu minota mike), ushobora kumva udatuje, urakaye, cyangwa se urakaye. Abantu benshi bagerageza gusubira mu gukoresha nikotine kugira ngo bagerageze kongera kubyihanganira. Uko ukoresha nikotine kenshi, umubiri wawe urushaho kwihanganira . Ibi bivuze ko ukeneye nikotine nyinshi kugira ngo ubyibuke nk'uko wabikoraga mbere.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu abe imbata ya nikotine?

Nikotine irakurura cyane - wenda ikaba imbata nk'inzoga, kokayine cyangwa heroine. Umubiri wawe ushobora kwishingikiriza kuri nikotine nyuma yo kuyikoresha bwa mbere, cyangwa nyuma yo kuyikoresha kabiri cyangwa gatatu. Ni yo ifite imbaraga nyinshi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubusinzi bwa nikotine?

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by’indwara yo kunywa itabi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kumva ufite irari rikomeye rya nikotine, no kumva ukeneye nikotine kugira ngo ukore imirimo ya buri munsi.
• Kumva ubabaye, uhangayitse, kandi urakaye vuba.
• Ibimenyetso byo kureka ikintu bibaho. Urugero, kubura umutuzo, kudasinzira neza.
• Kugira ngo wumve ibyishimo nk'ibya mbere, ukeneye nikotine nyinshi.
• Gukoresha nikotine nubwo uzi neza ko ari bibi ku buzima.
• Ushaka kureka gukoresha nikotine, ariko ntubishobore.

Ese kwifuza nikotine biba bimeze bite?

Iyo urarikiye nikotine ku mubiri, ushobora kumva udatuje, uhangayitse, kandi ubabaye. Ushobora kandi kumva ufite ikibazo mu muhogo cyangwa mu nda. Iki cyorezo gishobora gutandukana rimwe na rimwe. Hari igihe gishobora kuba gito, ariko ikindi gihe gishobora kuba gikomeye cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso byo kureka nikotine?

Ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine bitangira kugaragara iyo uhagaritse guha umubiri wawe nikotine. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi, ibikunze kugaragara cyane ni ibi bikurikira:

Ibimenyetso byo kureka ikintu ku mubiri:

• Gufungana mu gituza.
• Kugorwa no gusinzira.
• Kuzungera .
• Kubyimba, impatwe, cyangwa impiswi .
• Kubabara umutwe .
• Inzara irushaho kwiyongera no kwiyongera ibiro.
• Amazuru asohoka, inkorora, umunwa wumye n'umuhogo, kubabara mu muhogo.
• Isesemi .

Ibimenyetso byo kureka igitsina mu mutwe/amarangamutima:

• Kudatuza, guhungabana, n'uburakari.
• Umunaniro, umunaniro, kutagira icyo ushishikazwa nacyo.
• Kugorwa no kwibanda ku bintu.
• Agahinda cyangwa kwiheba .

Ibi bimenyetso byo kureka kunywa itabi bitangira ryari?

Ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine akenshi bitangira mu masaha make uhereye igihe waherukaga gukoresha nikotine. Birushaho kuba bibi ku munsi wa kabiri cyangwa wa gatatu nyuma yo kureka.

Niba uhangayikishijwe n'ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine, vugana n'umuganga wawe. Ashobora kugufasha kubona uburyo bwo kuvura cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha guhangana n'ibi bimenyetso. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukoresha imiti n'ubujyanama.

Ni gute wamenya ko iyi nikotine ari mbi?

Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya niba ufite ubusinzi bwa nikotine akubaza ibibazo bike cyangwa akagusaba kuzuza urutonde rw'ibibazo. Ibi byitwa kandi ikizamini cya Fagerström cyo kwishingikiriza kuri nikotine .

Muganga wawe azagena urwego rw'ubudahangarwa bwawe ashingiye kuri ibi bintu:

• Ukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi bingahe ku munsi?
• Uko ukoresha itabi cyangwa nikotine vuba cyane nyuma yo kubyuka mu gitondo.

Ese ubu businzi bwa nikotine bushobora gukira?

Yego, ubusinzi bwa nikotine bushobora gukira. Bizatwara igihe kugira ngo utsinde gukenera nikotine, ariko ushobora kuva muri ubwo businzi burundu.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura ubusinzi bwa nikotine?

Ubuvuzi si ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu akire ubusinzi bwa nikotine. Ariko, abantu bahabwa ubuvuzi baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kubureka neza. Hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ubusinzi bwa nikotine no kugabanya ibimenyetso byo kureka. Ubu buryo burimo imiti yemewe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bakoresha uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire n'imiti hamwe bagira icyo bageraho mu kureka nikotine kurusha abakoresha uburyo bumwe gusa cyangwa batagira ubwo buryo na bumwe.

Dore uburyo bwo kuvura:

• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo gusimbuza nikotine (NRT)
• Imiti yanditswe na muganga ivura guhagarika nikotine
• Uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire, nko kwitonda no kubaza abantu ku buryo bworoshye (MI)

Ni iyihe miti ivura ubusinzi bwa nikotine?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ivura ubusinzi bwa nikotine:

• Ubuvuzi bwo Gusimbuza Nikotine (NRT): Iyi ni imiti itangwa ku isoko (OTC) ushobora kuyigura muri farumasi. Ikora mu gukangura uduce tw’ubwonko twakira nikotine. Muri two harimo uduce tw’uruhu , ishinya, n’utubuto two ku mazuru . Hariho kandi imiti yo mu mazuru ushobora kubona kwa muganga.Ushobora kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imiti ikoreshwa mu mazuru n'imiti ikoreshwa mu guhumeka .
• Bupropion: Uyu ni umuti utangwa na muganga. Ugira akamaro nka NRT. Ugabanya kwinjira kwa norepinephrine na dopamine mu bwonko. Bupropion yatangijwe bwa mbere nk'umuti uvura indwara yo kwiheba.
• Varenicline: Uyu muti ukora mu gukangura alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor mu bwonko, ukagabanya irari rya nicotine. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko bigira akamaro kurusha NRT na bupropion.
• Indi miti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe: Ubushakashatsi buto bwagaragaje ko imiti igabanya ubukana nka nortriptyline ishobora gufasha mu kurwara nikotine.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ubusinzi bwa nikotine?

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo kuvura imyitwarire nk'iyi hamwe n'imiti:

• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): Kwiga CBT bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibintu bigutera gukoresha nikotine no gushaka uburyo bwiza bwo kubikemura. CBT ikwigisha uburyo bwo gutsinda ibyifuzo byo mu mutwe bya nikotine.
• Kubaza abantu ku buryo bwo gushishikarira (MI): Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugufasha gutsinda ikibazo cyo kutamenya neza ikoreshwa rya nikotine no kongera imbaraga zo kubireka. Bugufasha kugira imyumvire myiza, kwigirira icyizere, no gushobora guhangana n'impinduka.
• Kwitonda: Ukoresheje ubu buryo, wiga guhangana n'amarangamutima mabi n'irari rya nikotine utiriwe ukoresha nikotine.
• Inkunga kuri telefoni n'imirongo yo kureka gukoresha nikotine: Niba ushaka kureka gukoresha nikotine, shaka amatsinda y'ubufasha n'abajyanama batanga ubufasha kuri telefoni cyangwa imbonankubone. Hari serivisi nk'izo muri Sri Lanka.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi kuri ubu buryo bwo kuvura?

Yego, imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura ubusinzi bwa nikotine ishobora gutera ingaruka zimwe na zimwe.

Ingaruka mbi z'udusimba twa NRT:

• Kuzungera.
• Umutima utera cyane.
• Umutwe.
• Kubabara imitsi no kuyikomeretsa.
• Isesemi.
• Gutukura cyangwa kwishimagura k'uruhu.
• Ibibazo byo gusinzira cyangwa inzozi zidasanzwe (cyane cyane iyo ufashe agatambaro kamara amasaha 24).

Ingaruka mbi za NRT chewing gum:

• Kumva uburyohe bubi mu kanwa.
• Umutima utera cyane.
• Ibihe bikomeye.
• Ububabare mu gice cy'umusaya.
• Ibisebe byo mu kanwa.
• Isesemi.
• Kubabara mu muhogo.

(Ingaruka mbi z'ubundi bwoko bwa NRT na Bupropion, Varenicline zishobora kugaragara mu buryo bumwe, nk'uko byavuzwe mu nkuru ya mbere. Nzabigabanya hano kubera impamvu z'umwanya. Ariko bigomba gushyirwa mu nkuru yuzuye.)

Ni iki ugomba kumenya mbere yo gutangira imiti?

Niba uhisemo gukoresha imiti igufasha gutsinda ubusinzi bwa nikotine, zirikana ibi bikurikira:

• Vugana na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira imiti iyo ari yo yose. Imiti ya NRT ntiyemerwa ku bagore batwite cyangwa abakiri bato. Nanone, ntugakoreshe NRTs niba ugikoresha ibikomoka ku itabi (harimo n'ibinyobwa bisindisha).
• Soma amabwiriza kuri buri muti witonze kandi uyakurikize neza.

Ni iki kindi cyakorwa kugira ngo bigabanye ibimenyetso byo kureka kunywa itabi?

Dore ubundi buryo bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine:

• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri ukunda. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ntibigufasha gusa kwibagirwa ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine, ahubwo binagufasha cyane ku buzima bwawe.
• Marana umwanya n'inshuti zitanywa itabi: Bwira abantu bose ko ugerageza kureka itabi. Bashobora kugufasha.
• Komeza amaboko yawe ahuze: Koresha umupira wo guhangayika cyangwa igikinisho cya fidget.
• Shyira agati k'umutsima, agati k'amenyo cyangwa sinamoni mu kanwa kawe: Ibi bintu bizaha iminwa yawe n'umunwa wawe kumva ikintu kigukoraho. Guhekenya shim nabyo bishobora gutuma umunwa wawe uhora ukora cyane.
• Gutsinda ibishuko: Andika ibisubizo byumvikana ku nkuru z'ibinyoma zikuje mu mutwe, nka "Nta kibazo kunywa itabi."

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire burundu ubusinzi bwa nikotine?

Ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine bishobora kumara iminsi mike kugeza ku byumweru bike. Ibimenyetso byawe bizagenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iyo ibimenyetso byo kureka nikotine bishize burundu, umubiri wawe ntuba ukizigamiye kuri nikotine.

Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kuba imbata ya nikotine?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ubusinzi bwa nikotine ni ukubyirinda burundu. Ntugakoreshe ibicuruzwa birimo nikotine, harimo n'itabi ry'ikoranabuhanga. Ndetse no gukoresha nikotine rimwe bishobora gutangira inzira yo kuba imbata ya nikotine. Uko bishoboka kose, irinde ibintu bishobora kugukururira gukoresha nikotine.

Bigenda bite iyo ufite ikibazo cyo kunywa itabi?

Iyo ufite iyi ndwara, umubiri wawe ukeneye nikotine ihoraho. Uko urugero rwa nikotine mu maraso yawe rugabanuka, uhura n'ibimenyetso bibi byo kuyireka. Uko ugenda utwarwa na nikotine, kwihanganira kwawe ibintu bigenda byiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bivuze ko ukeneye nikotine nyinshi kurushaho kugira ngo ugire "ibyiyumvo byiza."

Ubu businzi bwa nikotine buzamara igihe kingana iki?

Ushobora kugira iyi ndwara yo kunywa itabi igihe cyose unywa nikotine. Kuri bamwe, ishobora kumara ubuzima bwawe bwose.Uburyo bwonyine bwo gukiza iyi ndwara ni ukureka gukoresha nikotine, kandi ugomba gushyiraho imihati kugira ngo ubikore.

Ni ayahe mahirwe yo gukira ubu businzi bwa nikotine?

Kureka ubusinzi bwa nikotine biragoye, ariko ntabwo bishoboka. Bishobora kudashoboka ku nshuro ya mbere. Ariko, batatu muri batanu bakuru bakundaga kunywa itabi barariretse. Bisaba ubwitange n'umurava, ariko birashoboka.

Iyo uhagaritse gukoresha imiti ya nikotine, uzatangira kubona inyungu ako kanya. Urugero, umuvuduko w'umutima wawe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso bizasubira ku murongo mu minota 20 ya mbere nyuma yo kubireka. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uzabona inyungu nka:

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* Guhumeka birarushaho kuba byiza, kandi ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buriyongera.

* Uburyohe n'impumuro birarushaho kuba byiza.

* Ibyago byo kurwara indwara, harimo na kanseri zimwe na zimwe n'indwara z'umutima, biragabanuka kugera ku rugero rusanzwe.

* Amenyo n'ishinya bihinduka ubuzima bwiza.

* Ushobora kuzigama ibihumbi amagana, ndetse n'ibihumbi amagana by'amarupi.

Amaherezo, icyo kwibuka

Nikotine ni kimwe mu bintu bitera kwibasirwa n’abantu benshi ku isi. Ndetse no gukoresha nikotine bike bishobora gutuma umuntu yibasirwa n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Iyi miti mibi ishobora kugira ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ku mubiri wawe. Kugira ngo utsinde ikibazo cyo kunywa itabi, abaganga bakugira inama yo guhuza imiti n’imiti ikoreshwa mu myitwarire kugira ngo ugabanye ibimenyetso byo kurireka. Niba ufite iyi ndwara, vugana na muganga wawe muganire ku kurireka. Ubifashijwemo na we, urugendo rugana ku buzima budafite nikotine ruri mu nzira yawe. Ntutinye gutera iyo ntambwe!

Nikotine , itabi, ubusinzi, kunywa itabi, kunywa itabi rya vape, ubuzima, ubuvuzi