Ese uwo ukunda, wenda mama wawe, so, nyogokuru cyangwa sogokuru, arwaye indwara ya Alzheimer? Twese tuzi agahinda no kubura imbaraga bizanwa no gutakaza kwibuka buhoro buhoro no kwibagirwa amasura umuntu azi. Indwara ya Alzheimer mu by'ukuri ni indwara ishobora gutera gutakaza kwibuka, kwangirika k'ubwonko ndetse n'urupfu. Nubwo nta muti uhari w'iyi ndwara, hari imiti ishobora kuyigabanya no gutanga ihumure ku murwayi. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku bwoko bumwe bw'imiti yihariye. Uwo ni NMDA Receptor Antagonists . Nubwo izina rigoye gato, reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.
Inkuru ntoya y'ibinyabutabire ibera mu bwonko
Ubwonko bwacu ni ahantu hatangaje. Burimo za miriyari z'uturemangingo tw'imitsi, cyangwa 'neurons'. Utu turemangingo dutunganya amakuru, tukibuka amakuru, kandi tukabwira ibindi bice by'umubiri icyo gukora twoherezanya ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire.
Tubita intumwa zitwara izi mvugo za shimi 'neurotransmitters'. Imwe muri izo ntumwa ni 'glutamate' .
Tekereza gusa kuri glutamate nk'ubwato butwara ubutumwa buva mu turemangingo tw'imitsi tujya mu tundi. Ubu bwato bukeneye icyuma cyihariye cyo kujya mu turemangingo n'ikibuga. Icyo gice ni cyo twita receptor ya NMDA (receptor ya `N-methyl-D-aspartate`). Iyo ubwato bwitwa glutamate bufatanye n'iki gice cya NMDA, bwohereza ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyitwa `calcium` mu turemangingo. Iyi calcium ni yo irangiza ubwo butumwa kandi ikadufasha kwiga no kwibuka ikintu runaka. Iyi ni inzira isanzwe mu bwonko buzima.
None se ni iki kibaho mu ndwara ya Alzheimer?
Mu tunyangingo tw’ubwonko tw’umuntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer , hatangira gukorwa glutamate nyinshi cyane . Ikibaho ni uko calcium nyinshi yinjira muri utwo tunyangingo tw’imitsi. Tekereza uko bigenda iyo wujuje amazi menshi mu kigega cy’amazi? Arasesekara. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo calcium nyinshi yirundanyije mu tunyangingo, utwo tunyangingo dutangira kwangirika. Uku kwangirika ni ko kongera buhoro buhoro ibimenyetso bya Alzheimer.
Dore uko abarwanya NMDA Receptor babafasha
Ubwoko bw'imiti yitwa NMDA receptor antagonists ikora mu kugabanya umubare w'ahantu ubwo bwato bw'inyongera bwa glutamate bushobora guhagarara kuri NMDA receptor. Ni ukuvuga ko uyu muti ufunga zimwe mu nzira. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko iyi miti yemerera ubutumwa bw'ingenzi gutembera . Ni ukuvuga ko igenzura gusa urujya n'uruza rwa kalisiyumu rwangiza nta kibazo gikomeye cyagize ku mikorere isanzwe y'ubwonko. Ibi bigabanya kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi no kugenzura umuvuduko w'indwara.
Mu kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, abaganga bakunze gukoresha imiti yibasira indi neurotransmitter yitwa acetylcholine. Ariko imiti irwanya NMDA ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'imiti ikora mu buryo butandukanye.
Umuti w’ingenzi wa NMDA receptor antagonist wemejwe ubu mu kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer ni memantine (izina ry’ikirango `Namenda XR`). Ubusanzwe uyihabwa n’abaganga mu byiciro biri hagati kugeza ku bikomeye by’iyi ndwara. Hari igihe, memantine itangwa hamwe n’imiti ya `cholinesterase inhibitors` yavuzwe haruguru, yongera urugero rwa acetylcholine. Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho umusaruro mwiza ku barwayi bamwe na bamwe.
Ariko ibuka ko iyi miti idakora kimwe kuri buri wese.
Reka kandi tumenye ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.
Kimwe n'indi miti yose, iyi ishobora kugira ingaruka nke.
- Kuzungera ni cyo kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara cyane.
- Byongeye kandi, ibintu nko kuribwa umutwe no kubura impatwe nabyo bishobora kubaho.
- Ni gake cyane, hashobora kubaho urujijo mu bwonko .
Niba wowe cyangwa umurwayi wawe muhuye na kimwe muri ibi, mugomba guhita mubimenyesha muganga wanyu . Si byiza kureka gufata imiti cyangwa guhindura ingano y’imiti ku giti cyanyu.
Ibindi biyobyabwenge muri uyu muryango n'ikoreshwa ryabyo
Hari indi miti muri uyu muryango yitwa NMDA receptor antagonists. Imwe muri yo tuyibona mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Imwe ni mbi cyane, kandi ikoreshwa nabi nk'ibiyobyabwenge. Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo kandi gukora ubushakashatsi ku byiza by'iyi miti ku zindi ndwara zo mu bwonko, nka Parkinson's disease na ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
Reka tumenye byinshi kuri byo dukurikije imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Izina ry'ikiyobyabwenge | Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi | Ingingo z'ingenzi n'ibyago |
|---|---|---|
| Dextromethorphan | Iboneka mu mavuta yo mu bwoko bwa sirupe y'inkorora. | Muri rusange nta kibazo kirimo, ariko bishobora guteza akaga iyo binyowe ku rugero rwo hejuru. |
| Ketamine | Umuti ugabanya ububabare (ku bantu no ku nyamaswa). | Ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Ariko ikoreshwa nabi nk' "umuti w'ikibuno". Ishobora gutera kubona ibintu mu buryo butari bwo no kumva umuntu adashaka kugaragara. Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa ku ikoreshwa ryayo mu ndwara nk'ihungabana. |
| Phencyclidine (PCP) | Gukoreshwa nabi nk'ikiyobyabwenge. | Mbere yakozwe nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare, warakuweho gukoreshwa bitewe n'ingaruka mbi zikomeye (kurota ibintu bidasanzwe, urujijo). Umuti uteje akaga uzwi nka "Angel Dust". Ufitanye isano n'imyitwarire y'urugomo. |
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Nubwo indwara ya Alzheimer idashobora gukira burundu, imiti irwanya NMDA receptor nka memantine ishobora gufasha mu kugabanya ibyiciro biri hagati kugeza ku bikomeye by’iyi ndwara mu kugabanya kwangirika kw’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko.
- Iyi miti ikora mu kurinda uturemangingo tw’imitsi glutamate nyinshi mu bwonko.
- Nkuko bigenda ku miti iyo ari yo yose, ingaruka mbi nko kuzungera zishobora kubaho. Buri gihe ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi. Ntuzigere uhindura ingano cyangwa ngo uhagarike gufata imiti wenyine.
- Iyi miti nka Ketamine na PCP, ikoreshwa nabi nk'ibiyobyabwenge kandi ni bibi cyane. Hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yayo n'imiti yanditswe ku ndwara ya Alzheimer.
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Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.