Ingingo ikunze kuvugwa muri benshi muri twe muri iyi minsi ni 'isukari' cyangwa diyabete. Wenda hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, inshuti yawe cyangwa wowe ubwawe wigeze wumva iyi ndwara. Nubwo abantu bose batinya iyi ndwara, ntabwo bigoye kuyigenzura no kugumana ubuzima bwiza niba uyimenye neza. None se iyi ngano y'isukari mu maraso ni iyihe? Ni iki kibaho iyo yiyongereye? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse.
Isukari yo mu maraso ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Muri make, isukari yo mu maraso ni ingano ya glucose iri mu maraso yacu. Iyi glucose ni isoko y'ingufu ku mibiri yacu ituruka ku biribwa turya, cyane cyane isukari. Kimwe na lisansi ku modoka, iyi glucose iha uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu imbaraga zo gukora.
Ariko kugira ngo iyi glucose igere mu turemangingo, umubiri wacu ukeneye 'urufunguzo' rwihariye. Urwo rufunguzo ni imisemburo yitwa insuline . Iyi ikorwa na pancreas yacu. Iyo turya, urugero rw'isukari mu maraso ruriyongera. Hanyuma pancreas ikora insuline, ikingura 'inzugi' z'uturemangingo maze ikemerera glucose kwinjira. Hanyuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rusubira ku rugero rusanzwe.
Ariko iyi nzira ntikora neza ku muntu urwaye diyabete.
- Umuntu urwaye Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 hafi ya yose ahagarika gukora insuline.
- Ku muntu urwaye Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 , nubwo insuline ikorerwa mu mubiri, uturemangingo tw'umubiri ntitwitabira neza. Ni nko kugira 'urufunguzo' ariko 'gufunga' ntibikore.
Uko diyabete yaba imeze kose, ingaruka ni uko isukari yo mu maraso ikomeza kwiyongera igihe kirekire. Ibi ni byo twita hyperglycemia . Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi sukari irenze urugero mu maraso ishobora kwangiza imitsi n'imitsi y'amaraso, bigatera indwara zikomeye nk'indwara z'umutima.
Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso gisanzwe ni ikihe?
Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso cy'umuntu muzima gisanzwe kiri mu rugero runaka. Ibi bipimo bipimirwa muri mililitiro kuri desilita (mg/dL).
Igikuru ni uko ibi ari ibipimo bisanzwe gusa. Niba urwaye diyabete, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'ingano y'isukari mu maraso yawe.
Reka tubisobanure neza mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Igihe cyo kugenzura | Agaciro gasanzwe ku muntu muzima (mg/dL) | Intego ku murwayi wa diyabete (ubusanzwe) |
|---|---|---|
| Mbere yo kurya (Kwiyiriza ubusa - amasaha 8 yo kwiyiriza ubusa) | Munsi ya 100 mg/dL (ubusanzwe hagati ya 72-99) | Hagati ya 70 - 130 mg/dL |
| Amasaha 2 nyuma yo kurya ifunguro ry'ibanze | Munsi ya 140 mg/dL | Munsi ya 180 mg/dL |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'isukari nyinshi mu maraso?
Ibimenyetso by'isukari nyinshi mu maraso (hyperglycemia) bishobora gutandukana mu ntangiriro no mu mpera z'igihe.
| Ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso | Ibimenyetso bigaragaza |
|---|---|
| Ibimenyetso bya mbere |
|
| Ibimenyetso by'igihe kirekire |
|
Prediabetes, bivuze ko iyo isukari iri hejuru y’ibisanzwe ariko ikaba itari hejuru bihagije ku buryo umuntu yamenya ko ari diyabete, akenshi nta bimenyetso bihari. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe .
Ibizamini byo gusuzuma diyabete
Abaganga bakoresha ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bamenye niba urwaye diyabete cyangwa diyabete itaratangira.
| Izina ry'ikizamini | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ikizamini cya glucose yo mu maraso yo kwiyiriza ubusa | Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kigenzurwa nyuma yo kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha 8. Igipimo kirenze 126 mg/dL gifatwa nk'igisukari, naho igipimo kiri hagati ya 100-125 mg/dL gifatwa nk'igipimo cya mbere cy'igisukari. |
| Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa (OGTT) | Nyuma yo kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha 8, hatangwa ikinyobwa cyihariye gifite isukari. Nyuma y'amasaha 2, igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kirenga 200 mg/dL gifatwa nk'igisukari, naho igipimo kiri hagati ya 140-199 mg/dL gifatwa nk'ikigeragezo mbere yo kurwara diyabete. |
| Ikizamini cya A1c | Ibi bipima igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe mu mezi 2-3 ashize. Igipimo cya 6.5% cyangwa hejuru gifatwa nka diyabete, mu gihe igipimo kiri hagati ya 5.7% na 6.4% gifatwa nka mbere y'isukari. |
| Isuzuma ry'isukari mu maraso ritunguranye | Suzuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi. Niba isukari mu maraso yawe iri hejuru ya 200 mg/dL kandi ufite ibimenyetso bya diyabete, uzapimwa diyabete nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru. |
Kuki isukari nyinshi mu maraso ari mbi?
Nubwo isukari ari ingenzi ku turemangingo twacu ku rugero rusanzwe, iyo yiyongereye, ishobora guhinduka nk'uburozi bukora buhoro buhoro.
Isukari nyinshi mu maraso mu gihe kirekire ishobora kwangiza hafi buri gice cy'umubiri wacu.
Isukari nyinshi mu maraso ituma inkuta z'imitsi yawe zigenda zikomera buhoro buhoro. Abaganga babyita atherosclerosis . Imitsi yangiritse ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye nka:
- Indwara z'impyiko cyangwa kunanirwa kw'impyiko , ndetse rimwe na rimwe na dialyse, bishobora kuba ngombwa.
- Gutera imitsi yo mu bwonko (stroke)
- Ibitero by'umutima
- Kutabona neza cyangwa ubuhumyi
- Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka kandi ibyago byo kwandura indwara nyinshi byiyongera.
- Kudakora neza kw'intanga ngore
- Kwangirika kw'imitsi (Neuropathy) , bishobora gutera ibinya, ububabare, cyangwa kubura ibyiyumvo mu maguru, amaboko n'ibirenge.
- Kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya ku maguru no ku birenge.
- Gutinda gukira kw'ibikomere, kandi gake cyane, gukurwaho ibice nk'ibirenge n'ukubagwa.
Kugira ngo wirinde byinshi muri ibi bibazo, ni ngombwa cyane kugumisha urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe hafi y'uko rusanzwe uko bishoboka kose , ukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe .
Ni gute wapima igipimo cy'isukari mu rugo?
Muganga wawe aramutse agusuzumye diyabete, azakugira inama yo kugenzura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe uri mu rugo. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha icyuma gipima isukari mu maraso . Ibi bipima igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe ukoresheje igitonyanga gito cy'amaraso cyakuwe ku rutoki rwawe.
Saba muganga wawe inama ku buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha iki gikoresho. Ni ngombwa kandi kwandika amakuru mu ikaye cyangwa porogaramu nyuma ya buri kizamini. Gerageza kwandika ibi bikurikira:
- Umuti wafashe n'ingano yawo.
- Wariye iki, wariye ryari, kandi niba wari wiyirije ubusa.
- Niba warakoze imyitozo ngororamubiri, ibisobanuro birambuye nk'icyo yari ikora n'igihe wayikoze.
Aya makuru azagufasha cyane wowe n'umuganga wawe mu gusobanukirwa uburyo ubuvuzi bwawe bugenda neza.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gukurikirana buri gihe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso ni ingenzi cyane mu kurwanya diyabete.
- Menya ibimenyetso by'isukari nyinshi mu maraso, nko kugira inyota nyinshi, kwihagarika kenshi no kutabona neza.
- Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe yerekeye gupima igipimo cy'isukari yawe, gufata imiti, no guhindura imibereho yawe.
- Indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ni ingenzi mu kurwanya diyabete.
- Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso. Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa impungenge, hita ubonana na muganga wawe.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.