Ese amaso yawe afite ibara ridasanzwe? Ese ufite ibibazo byo kutabona? Bishobora kuba ari albino y'amaso!

Ese wigeze ubona ko hari abantu bafite amaso yerurutse cyane, cyangwa ko amaso yabo afite amabara atandukanye? Bashobora kugorwa no kureba izuba, cyangwa amaso yabo akaba yanatonyanga. Impamvu imwe ishobora kuba indwara yitwa 'albinism y'amaso', tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'ijambo ridasanzwe kuri wewe, ariko ni ingenzi cyane kurimenya.

Mu by'ukuri, albino y'amaso ni iki?

Muri make, albinism yo mu maso ni ubwoko bwa albinism. Igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku maso yawe . Iyo ufite iyi ndwara, ibara ry'amaso yawe n'imikorere y'amaso yawe biragira ingaruka.

Tekereza, hari ikintu cyihariye giha amaso yacu, uruhu rwacu n'umusatsi wacu ibara, kandi cyitwa melanin . Iri bara ryitwa melanin ni ryo rituma habaho aya mabara. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo iyi melanin ni ingenzi kugira ngo amaso yacu akore neza kandi abone neza. Rero, ku muntu ufite albinism y'amaso, iyi melanin ntikorwa bihagije mu mubiri, cyane cyane imbere mu maso, cyangwa ntikwirakwira neza mu maso yose. Kubera iyo mpamvu, zimwe mu ngingo ziri mu miterere y'amaso, ni ukuvuga uburyo ijisho ryaremwe, zishobora kugira ingaruka, ndetse n'ibindi bibazo bishobora kubaho. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bishobora no guteza ibibazo byo kutabona .

Icy'ingenzi ni uko melanin idatanga ibara gusa, ahubwo inagira akamaro kanini mu mikorere myiza y'amaso.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ibi?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ubuswa bw'amaso:

1. OA1: Iyi nanone yitwa Nettleship-Falls OA.

2. OA2: Iyi izwi kandi nka Åland Island eye disease cyangwa Forsius-Eriksson OA.

Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu buryo bw'uturemangingo. Ushobora kutamenya uturutse inyuma ko uyifite. Ariko, ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kuntu ubona isi. Birumvikana kumva ubabaye kandi utinya indwara idafite ibimenyetso bike cyangwa idafite ibimenyetso bike by'inyuma. Ariko, abaganga b'amaso n'abandi batanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi bashobora kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umuntu ufite albinism yo mu maso?

Bamwe mu bantu bafite albinism yo mu maso bashobora kugira iris y'ubururu cyangwa imvi. Ariko, birashoboka no kugira amaso y'umukara. Kubwibyo, ibi ntibishobora kugaragazwa n'ibara ry'amaso gusa.

Izindi ndwara zihariye ku maso zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Nystagmus: Iyi ni ihinduka ryihuse kandi ritagenzurwa ry'amaso, nk'aho arimo kubyina. Ibi bishobora gutuma bigorana kwibanda ahantu hamwe.
• Kutabona neza amabara cyangwa kutabona amabara: Kudashobora gutandukanya amabara neza, cyangwa kutabona amabara amwe n'amwe.
• Kutabona neza kw'amaso no kureba nabi: Ibi bibaho igihe amaso atareba mu cyerekezo kimwe, ahubwo ijisho rimwe rihindukiye mu cyerekezo gitandukanye. Ibi bishobora gutera kubona nabi inshuro ebyiri (kudashobora kubona neza kw'amaso).
• Kubona nabi cyangwa kureba kabiri: Kutabona neza.
• Gutinya foto: Guterwa ubwoba cyane n'izuba n'amatara yaka. Amaso ahinduka ubururu kandi ntashobora kwihanganira n'urumuri ruto. Amarira ashobora kuva mu maso.
• Amakosa yo kureba kure: Ibi ni byo bituma twambara indorerwamo. Urugero, ibintu nka myopia (kure maso) na hyperopia (kure amaso).
• Kutabona neza: Hari igihe ibi bishobora kuba bikomeye bihagije ku buryo byatera ubuhumyi bwemewe n'amategeko, bivuze ko kutabona neza biba bike cyane nubwo haba hari indorerwamo.

Ese ibi bigira ingaruka ku maso gusa?

Ubuswa bw'amaso bukunze kugira ingaruka ku maso. Ariko, hari ikimenyetso kimwe kidafitanye isano n'amaso. Icyo ni ukubura amatwi mu gihe cy'amatwi . Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ibi bitera kubura amatwi mbere y'imyaka 50. Ariko, si buri wese ugira ingaruka ku buzima bwe.

Kuki iki kibazo kibaho? Impamvu ni izihe?

Ubuswa bw'amaso ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo . Mu magambo make, iterwa n'impinduka mu turemangingo twacu, cyangwa ADN. Izi mpinduka mu turemangingo zigira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wacu ukora cyangwa ukwirakwiza melanin.

Hari uburyo bubiri izi mpinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo (mutations) zishobora kubaho:

1. Umurage: Ibi bivuze ko uzungura ubu bwoko bw'uturemangingo buturutse ku mubyeyi umwe cyangwa bombi babyaye. Ibi byitwa autosomal recessive inheritance .

2. Ihindagurika rya buri kanya - de novo: Ibi bivuze ko impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zibaho ku buryo butunguranye, de novo, mu gihe cy'iterambere ry'uruhinja. Ntabwo ari umurage ku babyeyi.

Ni gute umuganga asuzuma neza ikibazo cy'ubuswa bw'amaso? (Isuzuma)

Iyo umuganga cyangwa umuganga w’amaso asuzumye amaso yawe, bashobora gukeka ko afite ikibazo cy’ubuswa bw’amaso bitewe n’impinduka zimwe na zimwe zigaragara mu maso yawe. Nyuma y’ibyo, bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo bemeze niba koko ari ikibazo cy’ubuswa bw’amaso, n’ubwoko bwacyo n’ubwoko bwacyo.

Dore ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe muganga w'amaso ashobora kubona:

• Imurika rya Iris:Guhindura urumuri ni uburyo urumuri runyura mu mboni yijimye y'ijisho ryawe. Kubera kubura melanin, mboni iba nto, bigatuma urumuri runyuramo.
• Itandukaniro ry'ijisho: Ubuswa bw'amaso bushobora rimwe na rimwe guteza impinduka mu miterere y'igice cyihariye cya retina yawe - igice cy'ijisho kigufasha kubona - cyitwa fovea . Fovea niho tubona ibintu neza cyane. Rero, izi mpinduka zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya retina.
• Itandukaniro ry'imiterere y'imitsi: Niba ufite albinism y'amaso, ushobora kugira itandukaniro ryinshi mu miterere y'imitsi y'amaso , ihuza amaso yawe n'ubwonko bwawe. Iri tandukaniro rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko bwawe bukoresha ibimenyetso by'amaso ndetse n'uko ubona isi.

Uretse ibi, hari ibindi bizamini bishobora gufasha gusuzuma albino yo mu maso:

• Gupima amaraso
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo
• Ikizamini cy'ubushobozi bwo kureba (VEP)
• Isuzuma rya Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
• Ikizamini cy'amatara yo gukata

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, gupima umubyeyi umwe cyangwa bombi b'umwana ufite ikibazo cy'ubuswa bw'amaso bishobora gufasha kumenya ubwoko bw'ubuswa bw'amaso umwana afite.

Ese albino yo mu maso ishobora gukira burundu?

Oya, ntabwo ishobora gukira burundu. Albino yo mu maso ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo. Ibi bivuze ko iterwa n'impinduka muri ADN yacu. Bityo, indwara y'uturemangingo ntabwo ishobora kuvurwa.

Ariko, ikiruta byose, ingaruka z'ubuswa bw'amaso ku maso - nko kutagira ubushobozi bwo gusubiza amaso inyuma cyangwa strabismus - zishobora kuvurwa ahanini. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha kureba neza, ariko ntibuhindura indwara y'ingirabuzimafatizo.

Uko ubwoko bwose bw'ubuswa bw'amaso bwaba bumeze kose, n'ingaruka zabwo, umuganga w'amaso ashobora kuguha amakuru meza ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bushoboka.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ingenzi ugomba kubaza muganga?

Ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubuswa bw'amaso mfite?
• Ese iki ni ikintu narazwe?
• Ese abana banjye b'umubiri bashobora kungiraho ibi?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Ese hari izindi mfashanyigisho (urugero: amatsinda y'inkunga, ibikoresho by'uburezi) zishobora kumfasha?

Ni iki wakwitega niba ufite albinism yo mu maso?

Uburwayi bw'amaso ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose. Ariko, akenshi ishobora kuba "indwara itagaragara" itagaragara ku isi. Abantu benshi ntibazi ko bafite iyi ndwara kugeza igihe bapimwe amaso maze hakaboneka impinduka mu maso yabo. Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kugira ubumuga bwo kutabona kuva ku bworoheje kugeza ku bukomeye .

Abantu bafite ikibazo cy’ububabare bw’amaso bakeneye kwitabwaho mu buryo buhoraho mu buzima bwabo bwose. Kandi, rimwe na rimwe, ababyeyi bashobora gusanga ari bo batwara impinduka mu miterere y’umubiri zibitera iyo umwana wabo agaragaje ibimenyetso by’icyo kibazo.

Kugira albinism yo mu maso bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubona isi, ariko ntibigomba kukubuza kubaho ubuzima bwawe uko ushaka.

Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha kugabanya cyangwa gucunga ibimenyetso byawe no kwihanganira ingaruka z'iyi ndwara. Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe nabyo bishobora gufasha kugira amaso yawe ahora ameze neza.

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite albinism y'amaso, ushobora gukenera kwivuganira kugira ngo ubone uburyo n'amahirwe ukeneye. Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso. Bashobora kuguha ubuyobozi n'ubufasha. Ushobora kandi kubona ubufasha mu miryango yo kuri interineti ku bantu bafite albinism y'amaso kugira ngo bagufashe kumenyera uburwayi bwawe no kubaho ubuzima wifuza. Ntugahangayike, nturi wenyine.

Ni ubuhe butumwa dushaka gukura muri ibi?

Noneho rero usobanukiwe neza icyo twavuze uyu munsi, Albinism y'amaso. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Uburwayi bw'amaso (Ocular Albinism) ni indwara iterwa no kubura melanin mu maso. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba no ku ibara ry'amaso.
• Ibimenyetso byabyo bishobora gutandukana. Hashobora kubaho ibintu nko kwimuka kw'amaso (nystagmus), kumva urumuri (photophobia), no kutabona neza.
• Nubwo idashobora gukira burundu, hari uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso no kunoza icyerekezo cy'amaso.
• Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe no kugisha inama kwa muganga ni ngombwa.
• Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite iyi ndwara, ntimugatinye. Uramutse uhawe ubufasha n'amakuru akwiye, mushobora kubaho neza nayo.

Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Ubuswa bw'amaso, Ubuswa bw'amaso, Indwara z'amaso, Kutabona neza, Melanine, Indwara z'uturemangingo, Ubuzima bw'amaso