Menya ku bakozi babiri b'ibanga bakomeza amagufwa yacu: Osteoblasts na Osteoclasts

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo amagufwa yacu akomeye cyane? Cyangwa se, iyo ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru kwavunitse, bikira bigakura? Iyo dutekereje ku magufwa, tuba dutekereza ko ari ibintu bitagira ubuzima, bisa n'amabuye. Ariko mu by'ukuri, amagufwa yacu aba ari mazima, ahora ahinduka ingingo, kimwe n'indi mibiri yacu. Hari abakozi babiri b'ingenzi cyane inyuma y'uyu murimo utangaje. Tugiye kuvuga kuri bo uyu munsi.

Izi osteoblast na osteoclast ni bande?

Muri make, osteoblast na osteoclast ni ubwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo twihariye dusanga mu magufwa yacu. Hamwe, bikura amagufwa yacu, bikayakomeza, kandi bigasana ahantu havunitse n'aho havunitse.

Izi selile ebyiri zikomeza gukora atari kuva tukiri bato kugeza dukuze gusa, ahubwo no nyuma yuko dukuze. Nk'itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga.

• Osteoblasts: Tekereza ko ari "ababaji" b'amagufwa. Byubaka ingingo nshya z'amagufwa kandi bigakomeza amagufwa asanzweho. Mu Cyongereza, byitwa "blasts for builders." Ibyo bivuze ko byubaka.
• Osteoclasts: Izi ni "isuku". Zimenagura kandi zigashonga ibice by'amagufwa ashaje, byangiritse, bigatuma habaho amagufwa mashya kandi akomeye. Mu Cyongereza, byitwa "isuku ku basukura". Ibyo bivuze isuku.

Ibi byombi bikorana nk'ikipe. Kimwe gikuraho icyashaje, ikindi kikubaka gishya mu mwanya wacyo. Ubu buryo twita kuvugurura amagufwa.

Ni iki gikunze kubaho ku turemangingo twa osteoblast?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, osteoblasts ni zo zubaka amagufwa. Zifite imirimo itatu y'ingenzi:

1. Gukura amagufwa mashya: Uko tugenda dukura kuva mu bwana tujya mu bwana, amagufwa yacu arakura kandi akarushaho kuba manini kubera utwo turemangingo.

2. Kuvugurura amagufwa: Uko tugenda dusaza, bifasha guhindura imiterere n'imbaraga by'amagufwa yacu kugira ngo bijyane n'imibereho yacu.

3. Gukiza amagufwa yavunitse n'ayangiritse: Iyo igufwa ryavunitse, utwo turemangingo twa osteoblast ni two dukora ingingo nshya z'amagufwa kugira ngo tuyikize.

Tekereza ikinogo kiri ku muhanda. Nk’uko abubatsi b’umuhanda baza buzuza umwobo n’igishishwa gishya cya spatula, iyo igufwa ryangiritse, uturemangingo twa osteoblaste turinjira tukawusana.

Iki gikorwa kibaho gite?

Iyo igufwa rikeneye gukura cyangwa iyo ryangiritse, utwo turemangingo twa osteoblast twakira ikimenyetso giturutse ku misemburo n'ibinyabutabire mu mubiri wacu. Hanyuma dukora uruvange rwihariye rwa poroteyine. Byitwa matrix y'amagufwa . Iyi ahanini ni kolajeni.Irimo poroteyine, imyunyungugu nka kalisiyumu na fosifate.

Iyi matrix y'amagufwa yateguwe ishyirwa mu igufwa nk'uruvange rwa sima. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uru ruvange rurakomera kandi rugakomera, rugakora ingingo nshya z'amagufwa.

Izi osteocytes ni bande?

Osteocytes ni "abarinzi" cyangwa "abagenzuzi" mu magufwa. Utu turemangingo ni two twinshi cyane mu magufwa. Duhora dukurikirana umuvuduko n'uburemere bw'igufwa. Iyo habayeho akantu gato cyangwa kwangirika kw'igufwa, utwo turemangingo tw'amagufwa ni two dutangira kubibona. Iyo bamaze kubibona, bohereza ibimenyetso kuri osteoblasts (izirimo kubakwa) na osteoclasts (izirimo kwangirika) twavuze mbere, tuti: "Hari ikibazo hano, nimuze murebe." Hanyuma ayo matsinda abiri araza agatangira imirimo yo gusana.

None se ni iki kibaho ku turemangingo twa osteoclast?

Osteoclasts ni "ikipe ikuraho imyanda" mu magufwa. Irashongesha kandi igakuraho igufwa rishaje, ridafite imbaraga kandi ryangiritse. Ibi ibikora kugira ngo ingirabuzimafatizo za osteoblast zubake igufwa rishya kandi rikomeye.

Zirekura ubwoko bwihariye bwa enzyme. Izi enzyme zishongesha igufwa rya kera. Ariko ibi si bibi nkuko wabitekereza. Ntabwo bimeze nk'icyuma gishongesha aside nkuko bigaragara mu mashusho. Iyi ni inzira igenzurwa cyane kandi isobanutse neza . Uduce twagaragajwe na osteocytes nka "aka gace gusa kagomba gukurwaho" ni two twongewemo kandi tugakurwaho n'uturemangingo twa osteoclast.

Iyo ibyo bice bishaje bikuweho, utwobo duto tuba hejuru y'igufwa. Hanyuma, utunyangingo tw'amagufwa dutangira gukora. Biza bikuzuza iyo myobo n'amagufwa mashya, bigatuma habaho igufwa rishya kandi rikomeye.

Ese hari indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'izi selile?

Yego. Amagufwa yacu aba ameze neza igihe cyose utwo turemangingo tubiri dukora neza. Ibyo bivuze ko hagomba kubaho uburinganire bwiza hagati y’umuvuduko wo kwirema no umuvuduko wo kuvamo. Ariko iyo ubwo buringanire butakaye, indwara zitandukanye zishobora kuvuka.

Tekereza uko byagenda iyo umuvuduko w'igufwa rishaje ukurwaho (amagufwa akora) urenze umuvuduko w'igufwa rishya rikorwaho (amagufwa akora)? Hanyuma amagufwa agenda arushaho kuba magufi, acika intege, kandi avunika byoroshye.

Zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi ziterwa n'ibyo bibazo ni izi:

• Indwara yo gucika kw'amagufwa: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Amagufwa ahinduka imyenge, agacika intege, kandi ashobora kuvunika nubwo yagwa gato.
• Osteopenia: Iki ni cyo cyiciro cya mbere kibanziriza indwara ya osteoporosis. Ni ukugabanuka k'ubucucike bw'amagufwa munsi y'urugero rusanzwe.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Gusohora cyane imisemburo ya parathyroid bituma kalisiyumu ibura mu magufwa, bigatuma acika intege.
• Indwara ya Paget y'amagufwa: Iyi ni indwara aho inzira yo kuvugurura amagufwa igenda nabi, bigatuma amagufwa ahinduka imiterere n'intege nke.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'amagufwa yacu?

Muganga wawe ntabwo asanzwe apima utwo turemangingo twihariye ukwatwo. Ahubwo, azakora ibizamini bishobora kureba ubuzima bw'urugingo rwose rw'amagufwa. Ibi bizamini bizasabwa niba hari ukekwaho indwara nka osteoporosis.

• Ikizamini cy'ubucucike bw'amagufwa: Ibi bikorwa hakoreshejwe DXA scan.Nanone byitwa scan y'amagufwa. Ikoresha X-ray zo ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo ipime imbaraga z'amagufwa yawe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo urebe niba amagufwa yawe agenda acika intege uko ugenda usaza.
• Ikizamini cya Vitamine D: Kigenzura niba umubiri ubona Vitamine D ihagije.
• Ikizamini cya kalisiyumu: Gipima urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso no mu nkari mu masaha 24.
• Ikizamini cya IPTH (intact parathyroid hormone).
• Ikizamini cya Creatinine: Iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'impyiko, kuko ubuzima bw'impyiko ari ingenzi cyane ku kuringaniza vitamine D na kalisiyumu.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo amagufwa yacu akomeze kuba mazima?

Gukomeza amagufwa yacu biri mu maboko yacu. Dore ibintu byoroshye dushobora gukora:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye intungamubiri, cyane cyane ibiryo bikungahaye kuri kalisiyumu na vitamine D (amata, yawurute, foromaje, amafi mato, imboga z'icyatsi).
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha mu gukomeza ibiro. Ibintu nko kugenda, kwiruka no kuzamuka ingazi ni byiza cyane mu gukomeza amagufwa.
• Irinde kunywa itabi burundu. Kunywa itabi ni impamvu ikomeye ituma amagufwa adakora neza.
• Fata inyunganiramirire ya kalisiyumu na vitamine D niba bibaye ngombwa, nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse. Ariko, ibi bigomba gukorwa gusa nyuma yo kugisha inama muganga wawe .
• Jya kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe. Ni ngombwa cyane cyane ku bantu barengeje imyaka 65, abagore bamaze gucura, n'abafite izindi ndwara zidakira kujya kwa muganga wabo buri gihe kugira ngo barebe uko amagufwa yabo ahagaze.

Noneho urabona akamaro k'utu tunyangingo tubiri kugira ngo amagufwa yacu akomeze kubaho neza. Duhora dukora akazi kacu bucece, tuvugurura kandi tugakomeza amagufwa yacu. Bityo rero ni inshingano zacu kubafasha gukora akazi kabo neza.