COVID-19 ihinduka ite nshya? Ni izihe virus zitwa ubwoko bwa virusi (COVID-19 Variants)? Reka tubimenye neza!

Uribuka ukuntu twese twari dufite ubwoba igihe icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyatangiraga. Hahoraga hari amakuru mashya, ibintu bishya. Nyuma y'igihe runaka, abantu batangiye kuvuga ku 'bitandukanye' bitandukanye na virusi ya mbere. Washoboraga kumva no kubona ibintu nka Alpha, Delta, Omicron kuri televiziyo no mu binyamakuru. Rero, abantu benshi bibazaga ibyo 'bitandukanye', uko byateye imbere, ndetse niba byari biteye akaga kurusha virusi ya mbere. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva, kandi mu buryo bw'ubucuti uyu munsi, sibyo?

Reka tubanze turebe icyo virusi ari cyo?

Mu magambo make, virusi ni akanyabuzima gato cyane katagaragara. Ariko mu by'ukuri, ntabwo ari nzima cyangwa ngo ibe nzima. Ni ikintu gitangaje cyane. Izi virusi ntizishobora kubaho zonyine, ni ukuvuga ko zidashobora kubaho cyangwa kororoka zonyine. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, zigomba kwinjira mu karemangingo kazima, kaba ari inyamaswa cyangwa umuntu. Ni nk'umujura winjira mu nzu agakoresha ibintu biri muri iyo nzu. Iyo virusi imaze kwinjira mu karemangingo, ikoresha umutungo uri muri ako karemangingo kugira ngo ikore kopi zayo, ni ukuvuga virusi nshya ibihumbi. Uko ni ko virusi ikwirakwira mu mibiri yacu.

None se izi virusi zihinduka gute? Reka twige ku bijyanye n'impinduka mu miterere y'ibinyabuzima.

Tekereza urimo gukora kopi igihumbi z'urupapuro rumwe ku gikoresho gifotora. Ese buri kopi isohoka isa neza n'iya mbere? Oya, sibyo? Hari igihe kopi zishobora kuba zitandukanye gato. Wenda akadomo gato gashobora gusohoka kenshi, cyangwa inyuguti ishobora kuba idasobanutse neza, cyangwa ibara rishobora kuba ritandukanye gato. Uko ni ko virusi zimeze.

Iyo virusi iva mu karemangingo kamwe ijya mu kandi, ni ukuvuga iyo ikora kopi yayo, hari igihe amakosa mato abaho mu buryo bwo kuyikoporora. Ibi ni byo twita 'impinduka' mu buvuzi. Izi mpinduka ni impinduka mu makuru y’uturemangingo twa virusi, ni ukuvuga igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibanze cya virusi. Izi mpinduka zishobora kuba nto cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuba nini cyane, impinduka zikomeye. Si impinduka zose zifitiye akamaro virusi. Impinduka zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma virusi ikomera, mu gihe izindi zishobora gutuma ikomera kandi igakwirakwira vuba.

None se, iyi 'virusi' ni iyihe?

Iyo virusi ihuye n’impinduka imwe cyangwa nyinshi, bigatuma habaho ubwoko bushya bwa virusi zitandukanye cyane na virusi ya mbere, tuyita 'impinduka' . Mu magambo make, ni isano ya hafi ya virusi ya mbere, ariko ifite itandukaniro rito bitewe n’izo mpinduka. Izi tandukaniro zishobora gutuma imyitwarire y’ubwoko bushya, nko kwihuta kw’ikwirakwira n’ubukana bw’ibimenyetso, itandukanye n’iya mbere.

Icyorezo cya coronavirus gitera COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) nacyo cyagiye kigira impinduka nk'izo, cyangwa impinduka, uko igihe cyagiye gihita. Hari ubwoko bushya butandukanye bwagaragaye muri iki gihe cy'icyorezo. Ushobora kuba warumvise Alpha, Delta, na Omicron.Nk'uko. Buri kimwe muri ibi cyagaragaje itandukaniro rinini na virusi ya mbere. Urugero, ubwo ubwoko bwa Delta bwazaga, abarwayi barushijeho kuba babi. Ubwo ubwoko bwa Omicron bwazaga, bwakwirakwiriye vuba cyane.

Uziha amazina ute aya moko y'indirimbo?

Iyo habonetse ubwoko bushya bwa virusi, bugomba guhabwa izina. Bitabaye ibyo, bishobora gutera urujijo ku bahanga mu bya siyansi, abaganga, ndetse n'abaturage kubiganiraho. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ni ryo rifata iya mbere mu gutanga aya mazina. Bakoresha inyuguti z'inyuguti z'ikigereki (urugero: alpha, beta, gamma, delta). Iri zina risobanutse risobanura ko aho waba uri hose ku isi, buri wese ashobora kumva neza ubwoko bumwe nta rujijo.

Ni gute izi virus nshya zitandukanye na virusi y'umwimerere?

Iyo virusi nshya igaragaye, ishobora gutandukana na virusi y'umwimerere mu buryo butandukanye. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo:

• Kwandura: Hari ubwoko bushya bw'indwara bushobora gukwirakwira vuba kandi byoroshye hagati y'abantu kurusha ubwa mbere cyangwa ubundi bwoko bw'indwara. Ibyo bivuze ko umuntu umwe wanduye ashobora kwanduza indwara ku bantu benshi bazima. Ushobora kuba wibuka uburyo ubwoko bwa Omicron bwakwirakwiriye vuba mu bantu igihe bwagaragaraga bwa mbere. Byavuzwe ko bwandura cyane kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'indwara.
• Imiterere n'uburemere bw'indwara: Ibimenyetso by'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe, nko kugira umuriro, inkorora, kuribwa mu muhogo, no guhumeka nabi, bishobora kuba bitandukanye n'ibya virusi y'umwimerere. Nanone, indwara iterwa n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane, igasaba kujya mu bitaro ndetse rimwe na rimwe ndetse no gupfa. Ushobora kwibuka ko ubwo ubwoko bwa Delta bwazaga, abantu benshi bahuye n'ingorane, ndetse n'ibitaro byari byuzuye.
• Inkingo n'uko twitwara ku miti: Duhabwa inkingo zo kuturinda COVID-19. Izi nkingo zigenewe kwibasira virusi y'umwimerere cyangwa ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwariho icyo gihe. Ariko, ubwoko bumwe bushya bushobora kutakira neza inkingo twahawe. Ibi bivuze ko uburinzi butangwa n'urukingo bushobora kugabanuka gato (ubushobozi bw'inkingo). Nanone, bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvura COVID-19 bushobora kudakora neza kuri ubwo bwoko bushya. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma abahanga mu bya siyansi bahora bakurikirana ubwo bwoko.
• Kongera kwandura: Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bushobora gutuma umuntu wakize COVID-19 yongera kurwara. Cyangwa ndetse n'umuntu wakingiwe burundu ashobora kwandura ubwandu bushya (ubwandu bushya). Ibi biterwa nuko impinduka mu bwoko bushya zituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugora ubudahangarwa bwacu kubimenya nk'ubwandu bushya, cyangwa kubera ko uburinzi bwabanje budahagije.

Kuki havuka ubwoko bushya nk'ubu?

Iki ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Igihe cyose virusi ikwirakwira mu bantu, ni ukuvuga igihe cyose yandujwe iva ku muntu umwe ijya ku wundi, iyo virusi igira amahirwe yo gukora kopi zayo ibihumbi. Iyo kopi nk'izo zikozwe ni bwo amahirwe yo 'guhinduka' twavuze mbere yiyongera.

Mu magambo make, uko virusi ikwirakwira cyane muri sosiyete, ni ko amahirwe yo guhinduka kw'ibinyabuzima bishya azarushaho kwiyongera, ndetse n'ibindi binyabuzima bishya bikavuka.

Ibyo bivuze ko uko turushaho kugenzura ikwirakwira rya virusi, ari ko hagenda hagabanuka amahirwe yo kugaragara ubwoko bushya kandi bushobora guteza akaga. Niyo mpamvu kwambara udupfukamunwa mu maso, gukaraba intoki kenshi, gukomeza kwitandukanya n'abandi, cyane cyane guhabwa inkingo, bikomeje kuba ingenzi. Ibi bigabanya amahirwe yo gukwirakwira kwa virusi.

None se twakwirinda dute izo virusi?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Kenshi na kenshi, ibintu nk'ibyo twakoze kugira ngo twirinde coronavirus ya mbere bizadufasha kwirinda ubwo bwoko bushya bw'indwara. Ntugahangayike, turacyafite ubushobozi bwo kubugenzura. Nubwo virusi yahinduka, ingamba zacu zo kwirinda ntabwo zizahinduka cyane.

"Icyiza ni uko, ubwoko bwose bwa virusi, hari ingeso zoroshye za buri munsi dushobora gukora kugira ngo twirinde kandi twirinde n'abakunzi bacu."

Reka turebe icyo ari cyo:

• Shaka inkingo zawe za COVID-19 ku gihe: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bahora bavugurura inkingo kugira ngo zihuze ubwoko bushya bw'indwara. Rero kubona inkingo zivuguruye cyangwa inkingo ziyongera bitanga uburinzi bwiza ku bwoko bw'indwara zikwirakwira muri iki gihe. Bamwe bashobora gutekereza bati 'Nafashe inkingo zose zabanje, none kuki nabona indi?' Ariko tekereza kuri ibi, ni nko kuvugurura porogaramu kuri telefoni zacu. Uko virusi ihinduka, urukingo rugomba guhinduka kugira ngo rukomeze kugendana narwo. Nubwo urukingo rushobora kutabuza abantu 100% kurwara, rushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara, kujya mu bitaro no gupfa.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi n'isabune n'amazi: Ibi ni ibisanzwe ku ndwara zose, ariko kubera icyorezo cya COVID, twabonye akamaro kabyo kurushaho. Ni bwo buryo bwiza kandi bworoshye bwo kwica virusi zishobora kuba ziri mu biganza byacu. Tugomba gusiga isabune n'amazi ku buso bwose bw'intoki zacu nibura amasegonda 20 (igihe bifata kuririmba indirimbo "Isabukuru Nziza" kabiri). Ushobora kandi gukoresha umuti wo gusukura intoki urimo alukolo iyo isabune idahari. Ni kangahe ku munsi dukorakora ku maso yacu tutabizi? Igihe cyose dukorakora ku biganza byacu, iyo hari virusi kuri byo, ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri byoroshye binyuze mu maso, mu mazuru no mu kanwa.
• Suzuma niba ari ngombwa kandi ugume mu rugo niba ufite ibimenyetso: Niba ufite ibimenyetso utekereza ko bishobora kuba COVID-19, nko kugira umuriro, inkorora, izuru riva, kuribwa mu muhogo, cyangwa kubura umwuka, banza wipimishe COVID-19 vuba bishoboka., bivuze ko ugomba kwipimisha vuba Antigen cyangwa PCR. Nanone, ni ingenzi cyane kuguma mu rugo no kwirinda abandi kugira ngo utanduza abandi. Nubwo waba ufite ibicurane bike, ukibwira ko 'ari ibicurane gusa' kandi ugasohokana n'abandi, niba ari Covid, uzanduza abandi bantu benshi utabizi.
• Menya neza ko hari umwuka mwiza mu ngo, mu byumba no mu kazi: Gufungura inzugi n'amadirishya bigabanya ubwinshi bw'uduce tw'umwuka dushobora kuba turimo virusi. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu nzu yuzuye abantu benshi kandi itwikiriwe. Iyo umwuka urimo virusi ufungiye ahantu hamwe, buri wese muri icyo cyumba aba afite amahirwe menshi yo kuwuhumeka. Ni nk'icyumba cyuzuyemo umwotsi. Iyo amadirishya afunguye, uwo mwuka wanduye urasohoka kandi umwuka mushya kandi usukuye uraza. Ibi bigabanya ubwinshi bw'iyi virusi.

None se, ni ibihe bintu twagombye kwibuka muri iyi nkuru? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, twaganiriye cyane kuri COVID-19 Variants. Ndizera ko wasobanukiwe nyuma yo kumva ibi byose. Amaherezo, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana:

• Virusi zihora zihinduka gato, cyangwa 'mutations' . Iyi ni inzira yazo karemano, kandi ntidushobora kuyihagarika.
• Izi virusi nshya zihinduka muri ubu buryo zitwa 'impinduka' . Twabonye ubwoko butandukanye nk'ubwo mu gihe cyose cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19.
• Ubwo bwoko bushya bw'ibimera bushobora gukwirakwira vuba, bugatera indwara zikomeye, kandi bukagabanya uburyo bwo kwakira inkingo . Ariko si ko ubwoko bwose bushobora kuba bubi cyane.
• Icy'ingenzi ni uko hari ibintu byoroshye ariko bifite akamaro cyane dushobora gukora kugira ngo twirinde ubwo bwoko bw'indwara. Ibintu byoroshye nko kubona inkingo ku gihe, gukaraba intoki kenshi, kwirinda abandi niba ufite ibimenyetso, kuguma ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza, no kwambara agapfukamunwa nibiba ngombwa bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza.
• Ntugatinye, ariko witondere. Menya amakuru mashya ya siyansi yerekeye ibyorezo n'ubwoko bushya bw'indwara. Shaka amakuru gusa aturutse ahantu hizewe. Kurikiza inama z'abaganga.

Wibuke ko twese nidukorana kandi tugashyira mu bikorwa inshingano zacu, dushobora kurwanya ubwo bwoko bw'ibyorezo. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, ntukigere utinya cyangwa ngo utinye kubaza muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe ubuzima mu gace utuyemo.

Covid -19, Impinduka za virusi, Impinduka mu mikorere y'umubiri, Coronavirus, Urukingo, Umutekano, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima, OMS