Ushobora kuba warumvise izina Ebola mu makuru cyangwa kuri televiziyo. Kuyumva bishobora gutera ubwoba, kuko ari indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ariko, uramutse ubizi neza kandi ukagira ingamba zikenewe zo kwirinda, ushobora kwirinda. Muri Nirogi Lanka , turashaka gusobanura Ebola icyo ari cyo, uko ikwirakwira, ibimenyetso byayo, niba hari uburyo bwo kuyivura, kandi ikiruta byose, uburyo ushobora kuguma mu mutekano—byose mu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye kumva.
Ebola ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Muri make, Ebola ni indwara iterwa n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi ya Ebola. Ubwoko bukunze kuvugwaho cyane ni virusi ya Sudani na virusi ya Zaire . Nubwo indwara zikunze kugaragara mu turere twihariye twa Afurika, isi yacu irahujwe kurusha mbere hose, bivuze ko twese tugomba gukomeza kumenya amakuru no kuba maso.
Ebola ntiyibasira abantu gusa, ahubwo ishobora no kwanduza inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa nyani, nk'inguge, ingagi n'ingwe.
Iyo iyi virusi yinjiye mu mubiri wawe, ikorana n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe—ingabo z'umubiri wawe zigamije kurwanya indwara . Ikibabaje ni uko virusi ya Ebola itera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukabije kandi butunguranye. Tekereza nk'abasirikare basanzwe barwana n'abanzi bo hanze batera abantu babo mu buryo butunguranye. Uku kurwara cyane bitera umuriro mwinshi, kubabara umubiri , kuruka , no gucibwamo ( ububabare bwo mu nda ) . Mu bihe bikomeye, kuva amaraso imbere no hanze bishobora kubaho. Ibi bishobora gutuma ingingo z'ingenzi nk'umutima, ibihaha , n'impyiko binanirwa, ibyo bikaba byahitana ubuzima . Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu agaragaje ibimenyetso bya Ebola.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Ebola?
Nyuma yo kwandura virusi ya Ebola, ibimenyetso bishobora gufata iminsi hagati ya 2 na 21 kugira ngo bigaragare. Nubwo abantu benshi bagaragaza ibimenyetso mu minsi 6 kugeza kuri 12 nyuma yo kwandura, birashoboka ko umuntu akomeza kugira ibimenyetso mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitatu.
Ibimenyetso bya mbere akenshi bisa n'umuriro usanzwe, bishobora gutuma bigorana gukeka Ebola mu ntangiriro. Ibuka ibi bimenyetso:
- Umuriro mwinshi utunguranye
- Kuribwa umutwe cyane
- Ububabare bw'ingingo n'imitsi
- Umunaniro mwinshi n'intege nke
- Kubabara mu muhogo
- Gukonja no kunyeganyega
- Kuruka
- Impiswi
Uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye kurushaho, birimo:
- Uduheri ku ruhu
- Kubabara mu gituza no mu nda
- Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kumira
- Kuva amaraso imbere (urugero, mu mwanda) cyangwa hanze (urugero, kuva mu ishinya cyangwa mu mazuru)
Mu ntambwe za nyuma, kuva amaraso menshi, koma, gucika intege kw'ingingo ndetse no gupfa bishobora kubaho. Niyo mpamvu kwitondera ibi bimenyetso ari ingenzi kugira ngo ugire umutekano.
Ebola yandura ite?
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko ubwandu bwa mbere bugera ku bantu buterwa no gukora ku mazi yo mu mubiriku nyamaswa zanduye cyangwa kurya inyama zazo zidatetse neza. Abakekwaho kuzitwara barimo udusimba tw’imbuto, inkende, ingagi, inyoni, n’impala zo mu ishyamba, akenshi zitwa “inyama zo mu gasozi.”
Iyo umuntu amaze kwandura, virusi ikwirakwira mu bandi cyane cyane binyuze muri ibi bikurikira:
- Gukora ku buryo butaziguye ku mazi y’umubiri w’umuntu cyangwa inyamaswa yanduye. Ibi birimo amaraso, inkari, amase, ibirutsi n’amacandwe . Virusi yinjira mu mubiri wawe inyuze mu ruhu rwangiritse cyangwa mu ruhu rw’imitsi nko mu maso, mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa.
- Gukora ku bintu byanduye nk'imyenda, ibiryamirwa, cyangwa inshinge zakoreshejwe zahuye n'amaraso cyangwa amazi yanduye mu mubiri.
- Konsa : Umubyeyi wanduye ashobora kwanduza umwana we virusi binyuze mu mashereka.
- Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina : Harimo imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu kibuno.
Tekereza, niba umuntu wo mu muryango arwaye, tutabizi, dushobora kumuvura tutitaye ku ngaruka zikwiye, tugakora ku bintu akoresha. Uku niko bishobora gukwirakwira vuba mu rugo! Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu bitaro, iyo abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima badakoresheje ibikoresho byo kwirinda gusa, bahura n'akaga gakomeye ko kwandura.
Ebola ikwirakwira vuba gute?
Ushobora kwanduza abandi Ebola gusa iyo ibimenyetso byatangiye kugaragara . Umuntu wanduye udafite ibimenyetso ntabwo afatwa nk'uwanduza. Ariko, igihe cyose ibimenyetso bikomeje kandi virusi ikaguma mu maraso ye cyangwa mu yandi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri, ashobora kwanduza abandi. Nubwo ibimenyetso byagabanutse, virusi ishobora kuguma mu matembabuzi yo mu mubiri mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi . Kubera iyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gukurikiza inama za muganga no gukomeza kwirinda ndetse no nyuma yo gukira.
Ebola ipimwa ite?
Uburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza ko wanduye Ebola ni ugupima amaraso . Gusuzuma vuba kandi neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo indwara ivurwe neza kandi igahagarika ikwirakwira ryayo.
Ariko, nk'uko nabivuze mbere, ibimenyetso bya mbere bya Ebola bisa cyane n'iby'izindi ndwara zisanzwe nka malariya, tifoyide, cyangwa ibicurane bisanzwe . Kubera iyo mpamvu, bishobora kugorana kuyimenya mu ntangiriro.
Kubwibyo, niba umuntu agaragaje ibimenyetso bya Ebola—cyane cyane niba aherutse kugaruka avuye cyangwa agiye mu gace kagaragayemo icyorezo cya Ebola —agomba guhita ashyirwa mu kato n'abandi . Nyuma yaho, agomba gusuzumwa gusa n'abaganga bahuguwe neza bambaye ibikoresho byo kwirinda (PPE). Ibi ni ingenzi cyane, kuko kudafata izi ngamba bishobora gutuma virusi yanduza abakora isuzuma.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura Ebola?
Abantu benshi bandura Ebola bakenera kujya mu bitaro mu bitaro bifite ibikoresho bihagije . Kuvura iyi ndwara mu rugo ntabwo ari byiza kandi ntibyemewe. Ubuvuzi bw'ibanze burimo:
- Gutanga amazi yo mu mitsi (IV) kugira ngo hirindwe umwuma no kubungabunga electrolyte iringaniye.
- Kubungabunga urugero rwiza rwa ogisijeni n'umuvuduko w'amaraso binyuze mu buvuzi bufasha.
- Gutanga amaraso mu gihe umurwayi yatakaje amaraso menshi.
- Gutanga imiti n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kugira ngo hamenyekane ibimenyetso n'ingorane runaka. Bamwe mu barwayi bashobora guhabwa imiti yihariye izwi nka monoclonal antibodies , ishobora gufasha kuvura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi ya Ebola.
Mu gihe cyose cyo kuvurwa, umurwayi agomba kuguma mu kato cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko virusi yakwirakwira mu bandi.
Ese ushobora kwirinda Ebola?
Yego, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura Ebola.
- Urukingo: Ubu hari urukingo rwo kurinda ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi za Ebola. Ubusanzwe uru rukingo ruhabwa abantu bahuye n’iyi virusi cyangwa abari mu kaga gakomeye, urugero nk’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubuzima bafasha abarwayi ba Ebola.
- Irinde ahantu hashobora gutera indwara ya Ebola: Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda Ebola ni ukwirinda kujya mu turere dutanga amakuru ku ndwara zandura . Niba uteganya gutembera, reba ahantu hizewe nka CDC (Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara) kugira ngo urebe niba hari ubutumwa bwa Ebola buriho.
- Itoze kwitonda niba ari ngombwa ko ujya mu gace kanduye: Niba ugomba kujya mu gace kanduye, irinde ko wahura n'abantu banduye, karaba intoki zawe kenshi n'isabune, kandi wirinde cyane gufata cyangwa kurya inyama z'inkoko zo mu gasozi (zizwi cyane nka "inyama zo mu gasozi") .
- Umutekano ku bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima: Abakora ku barwayi ba Ebola bagomba kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda umubiri wose (PPE) bidasiga uruhu rugaragara. Byongeye kandi, ahantu hose n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'abarwayi bigomba gusukurwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza akomeye y'ubuvuzi.
Nibyo koko Ebola ni imwe mu ndwara zikomeye cyane zizwi n'abaganga. Ariko, hamwe n'ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi bwiza hamwe n'iterambere rikomeje mu bumenyi bw'ubuvuzi, abaganga barimo kugenda barushaho kugira icyo bageraho mu kuvura no gufasha abarwayi gukira.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Twamaze gutanga amakuru menshi kuri Ebola uyu munsi. Nubwo ari indwara ikomeye, icy'ingenzi ni uguhora umenya amakuru aho kugira ubwoba.
Wibuke ko aho kubaho utinya indwara nka Ebola, uburyo bwiza ni ukwiha imbaraga zo kumenya uburyo bwo kwirinda no kwirinda abandi.
- Isuku: Ingeso zoroshye nko gukaraba intoki kenshi n'isabune no kubungabunga ibidukikije byawe bishobora kukurinda indwara nyinshi.
- Kuba maso: Niba ubonye ibimenyetso nk'umuriro cyangwa ububabare bw'umubiri, ntukabifate nk'ikintu gito. Shaka inama kwa muganga vuba, cyane cyane niba uherutse kugaruka uturutse mu gace gafite umubare munini w'abandura.
- Irinde ibiryo bitazwi: Irinde kurya inyama z'inyamaswa zitazwi, iz'ishyamba, cyangwa izitetse nabi.
- Ishingikirize ku makuru nyayo: Mu gihe ushaka amakuru y'ubuzima, buri gihe wiringire ku masoko yizewe nka muganga wawe cyangwa inzego z'ubuzima zemewe. Irinde kwishingikiriza ku bihuha cyangwa amakuru adafite ishingiro.
Twese nidukomeza kumenya amakuru kandi tugafata ingamba zikwiye, dushobora kwirinda Ebola n'izindi ndwara nyinshi zandura, tukizeza ejo hazaza hafite ubuzima bwiza. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, ntutindiganye kugisha inama muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa kuvugana n'ibitaro byo mu gace utuyemo. Mu gihe cy'impanuka, nyamuneka hamagara 911 cyangwa serivisi zihutirwa zo mu gace utuyemo ako kanya.
👩🏽⚕️ Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
💬 Muganga, Ebola ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Muri make, Ebola ni indwara ikomeye cyane kandi yandura cyane. Iterwa n'itsinda ry'udukoko dufitanye isano. Iyi virusi yibasira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, ibi bikaba byagutera ingorane zikomeye kandi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
💬 Muganga, ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kureba?
Icyo ni ikibazo cyiza cyane. Iyo virusi imaze kwinjira mu mubiri, akenshi itangirana n'umuriro mwinshi, kubabara umubiri cyane, kuruka no gucibwamo. Uko indwara irushaho gukomera, ishobora gutera kuva amaraso imbere no hanze, bigasaba ubufasha bwihutirwa bw'abaganga.
Nirogi Lanka: Ebola, Indwara za Virusi, Indwara zandura, Icyorezo, Ibimenyetso, Uburyo bwo kuvura, Kwirinda
