Ese urimo kumva umeze nabi vuba aha, wenda ufite umuriro? Bishobora kuba ari ibicurane. Akenshi biba bikomeye kuruta ibicurane bisanzwe, bigatuma wibaza neza icyo ari cyo. Muri iyi nyandiko ya Nirogi Lanka, turasuzuma icyo ibicurane ari cyo, uburyo wakwirinda, n'ingamba wafata niba warafashwe.
Ibicurane (Influenza) ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ibicurane ni indwara igira ingaruka ku buryo bw'ubuhumekero bwawe—mu by'ukuri, yibasira amazuru yawe, mu muhogo no mu bihaha. Iterwa na virusi ikwirakwira byoroshye cyane kuva ku muntu umwe kugera ku wundi. Virusi ya grippe ikunze kugaragara cyane mu mezi y'ubukonje . Mu turere twinshi, hari "igihe cy'ibicurane" cyihariye, kandi no mu kirere cyacu, tubona icyorezo cy'ibihe. Muramenye ko ibicurane atari ibicurane gusa; ni indwara isaba kwitabwaho cyane no kwitabwaho neza.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Grippe (Influenza)?
Iyo urwaye ibicurane, ushobora kumva umeze nabi cyane kurusha uko wakumva urwaye ibicurane bisanzwe. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi ibiri virusi yinjiye mu mubiri wawe. Ushobora kugira ibi bikurikira:
- Umuriro mwinshi utunguranye
- Gukonja no guhinda umushyitsi
- Kuribwa umutwe cyane
- Kubabara umubiri, cyane cyane mu mitsi yawe
- Kuzungera
- Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
- Umunaniro cyangwa umunaniro ukabije
- Inkorora
- Kubabara mu muhogo
- Izuru rivamo amazi cyangwa rizibye
- Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
- Intege nke muri rusange
- Kubabara ugutwi
- Rimwe na rimwe, impiswi
Iyo abana bato barwaye ibicurane, bashobora kuba bashya ubwoba cyangwa bakagaragara nk'aho "badasobanutse neza." Kubera ko badashobora gusobanura buri gihe uko bumva, ababyeyi bagomba gukomeza kuba maso cyane no gukurikirana ibi bimenyetso neza.
Kuki ibicurane (Influenza) bibaho?
Ibicurane biterwa na virusi ya grippe . Bikwirakwira byoroshye cyane. Iyo umuntu wanduye akorora cyangwa yitsamuye, arekura uduce duto turimo virusi mu kirere. Iyo ubihumeka, ushobora kwandura. Tekereza uburyo virusi ishobora kukugeraho vuba iyo umuntu yitsamuye hafi aho!
Byongeye kandi, ibi bitonyanga bishobora kugwa ku buso nk'ibipfundikizo by'inzugi, amafaranga, imigozi yo mu mabisi, cyangwa ku magare yo guhaha. Iyo ukoze kuri ubwo buso hanyuma ugakora ku mazuru, ku munwa, cyangwa ku maso, virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe byoroshye.
Ese ibicurane (grippe) byandura? Bikwirakwira vuba gute?
Yego, ibicurane birandura cyane . Ushobora kwanduza abandi virusi uhereye umunsi umwe mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza igihe ukize neza. Ku bantu bakuru, iki gihe gikunze kuba icyumweru kimwe, nubwo abana bashobora kwanduza abandi igihe kirekire. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kuguma mu rugo igihe ufite ibicurane—birinda abandi kurwara.
Ibicurane bikunze gukwirakwira nk'icyorezo buri mwaka—bivuze ko indwara zikwirakwira vuba mu gace runaka icyarimwe. Hari igihe ibyorezo bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane. Iyo icyorezo gikwirakwira ku isi yose, cyitwa icyorezo . Ibi ni gake cyane. Mu kinyejana cya 20 habayeho icyorezo cya grippe mu kinyejana cya 20, kandi kugeza ubu kimwe gusa mu kinyejana cya 21, ni cyo cyabaye icyorezo cya grippe A (H1N1) cyo mu 2009.
Wamenya ute niba ari ibicurane (grippe)?
Akenshi, umuganga ashobora gusuzuma ibicurane areba gusa wowe cyangwa umwana wawe, kuko abarwayi bakunze kugaragara nk'abarwaye cyane. Ariko, kubera ko izindi ndwara zishobora kwigana ibimenyetso by'ibicurane, umuganga wawe ashobora gukora ikizamini cyo gusuzuma. Azakoresha agapira karekare kugira ngo afate icyitegererezo mu mazuru yawe cyangwa mu muhogo. Ibisubizo bishobora kuboneka vuba, cyangwa bishobora gukenerwa koherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo bikorwe isuzuma rirambuye.
Wakora iki niba urwaye ibicurane (Influenza)? Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?
Abantu benshi, harimo n'abana, bakira ibicurane bari mu rugo. Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe arwaye, zirikana izi ngingo:
- Kugira ngo wirinde umwuma , menya neza ko unywa ibinyobwa byinshi nk'amazi, imitobe, imitobe n'isupu.
- Menya neza ko uryama neza kandi ukaruhuka bihagije. Irinde gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa akazi; umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga kugira ngo wongere gukira.
- Ushobora gufata cyangwa gutanga parasetamol cyangwa ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye umuriro kandi ugabanye ububabare bw'umubiri.
Icy'ingenzi cyane: Ntugahe abana cyangwa ingimbi na bashiki bacu aspirine (cyane cyane abari munsi y'imyaka 19). Aspirine ifitanye isano na Reye's syndrome , indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ikomeye cyane kandi ishobora kwica umwijima n'ubwonko.
- Ambara imyenda mu byiciro kugira ngo ubashe kuyikuramo cyangwa kuyishyiramo byoroshye, kuko ushobora guhinduka hagati yo kumva ufite umuriro no kugira ubukonje.
Abana bagomba kuguma mu rugo batajya ku ishuri cyangwa mu kigo cy’irerero kugeza bakize. Bagomba kuguma mu rugo kugeza nibura amasaha 24 nta muriro bafite badakoresheje imiti igabanya umuriro. Baza muganga wawe igihe cyo gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe.
Ni ryari ubuvuzi buba bukenewe?
Niba umwana wawe arwaye cyane cyangwa afite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo, muganga ashobora kuguha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibicurane . Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya igihe cy'ibicurane umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, ariko irushaho kugira akamaro iyo itangiye mu masaha 48 uhereye igihe ibimenyetso bitangiye. Niba muganga wawe aguhaye imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibicurane, mubaze ingaruka zishobora kubaho.
Icy'ingenzi: Abaganga ntibatanga imiti yica udukoko ku bicurane. Imiti yica udukoko ivura gusa indwara za bagiteri, ntabwo ivura virusi. Kubera ko ibicurane ari virusi, imiti yica udukoko ntikora.
Ese ibicurane bishobora gutera izindi ngorane? Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye?
Yego, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ibicurane. Kuri aba bantu, ibicurane si umuriro gusa; bishobora no kuzamuka bikagera ku buzima bukomeye. Ugomba kwitonda cyane cyane niba wowe cyangwa abakunzi bawe mu byiciro by’ibi bibazo bikomeye:
- Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5, cyane cyane abana bato bari munsi y'amezi 6 .
- Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye . Harimo abahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara za kanseri, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara za steroid mu gihe kirekire, cyangwa ababana n'indwara nka virusi itera SIDA cyangwa kanseri.
- Abantu bafite indwara zidakira nka asima cyangwa diyabete.
- Abana cyangwa ingimbi bari ku miti ya aspirine y'igihe kirekire.
- Abantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije .
- Abagore batwite cyangwa abaherutse kubyara (cyane cyane mu byumweru 2 bya mbere nyuma yo kubyara).
- Abatuye mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru igihe kirekire, nko mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru.
- Abantu bakuru bafite imyaka 65 kuzamura.
Niba uri muri rimwe muri ayo matsinda, ibicurane bishobora kugutera ingorane zikomeye nka umusonga cyangwa indwara zandurira mu mikorobe. Ibi bihe akenshi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’inzobere mu bitaro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwirinda abantu bafite ibyago byinshi kugira ngo batabona umuntu wese ufite ibimenyetso nk’iby’ibicurane.
Niba hari umuntu uri hafi yawe ufite ibimenyetso by'ibicurane, ni byiza kumwirinda kugira ngo ukingire abashobora guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye.
Ibicurane bimara igihe kingana iki?
Ubusanzwe, umuriro n'ibimenyetso by'ibicurane bikomeye—nk'ububabare bw'umubiri n'umunaniro—biragabanuka mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe. Ariko, ni ibisanzwe kugira inkorora idashira cyangwa kumva ufite intege nke mu byumweru bike nyuma yaho.
Ese ushobora kwirinda ibicurane?
Nubwo nta buryo butanga uburinzi 100%, kubona urukingo rwa buri mwaka rw'ibicurane ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuguma mu mutekano. Buri wese ufite amezi 6 kuzamura agomba guhabwa uru rukingo buri mwaka.
Igihe cyiza cyo gukingirwa ni mbere y’uko igihe cy’ibicurane kigera ku rwego rwo hejuru—ubusanzwe mu mpera z’Ukwakira cyangwa nk’uko byasabwe n’abaganga bo mu gace utuyemo. Nubwo waba ubuze icyo gihe, birakwiye ko ukingirwa nyuma; abaganga benshi bakomeje gutanga inkingo z’ibicurane kugeza muri Gicurasi igihe cyose virusi ikomeza kugaragara.
Akenshi ushobora guterwa inkingo zawe z'ibicurane icyarimwe n'izindi nkingo, nk'urukingo rwa COVID-19 cyangwa RSV. Ariko, niba umwana wawe arwaye, afite umuriro, cyangwa arimo guhumeka, gana muganga wawe kugira ngo amenye niba inkingo zigomba gusubikwa by'agateganyo.
Uretse gukingira, isuku isanzwe nko gukaraba intoki kenshi, kwambara agapfukamunwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, no kwirinda gukorana n'abarwayi ni byo byiza mu kwirinda.
Ni iki kindi wakora?
Niba hari umuntu urwaye ibicurane mu rugo rwawe, kurikiza izi ntambwe kugira ngo wirinde ko byanduza abandi:
- Ntugasangire ibintu byawe bwite nk'ibikombe, amasahani, ibikoresho, cyangwa amasume.
- Guma mu rugo utajya ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri kugeza igihe uzaba wakize neza. Ibi bigufasha gukira kandi bikakubuza gukwirakwira kwa virusi.
- Buri gihe pfuka amazuru n'umunwa ukoresheje agatambaro k'uruhu (tissue) iyo ukorora cyangwa witsamuye, hanyuma ujugunye ako kanya mu myanda.
- Niba udafite agatambaro, korora cyangwa kwitsamura mu ntoki zawe zo hejuru cyangwa mu nkokora, ntabwo ari mu ntoki zawe, kugira ngo intoki zawe zikomeze kugira isuku.
Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka?
Muri Nirogi Lanka, twifuza ko ukomeza kumenya amakuru. Dore incamake y'ingenzi:
- Ibicurane birakomeye kurusha ibicurane bisanzwe. Komeza kuba maso ku bimenyetso byawe.
- Urukingo rw'ibicurane rwa buri mwaka ni bwo burinzi bwawe bwiza. Niba uri mu itsinda ry'abantu bashobora kwandura indwara nyinshi, shyira imbere gukingirwa.
- Itoze kugira isuku —karaba intoki, wambare agapfukamunwa, kandi ukurikize amahame mbwirizamuco yo guhumeka.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufashwe n'ibicurane, ruhuka neza, komeza kunywa amazi menshi, kandi ukoreshe imiti nka Paracetamol cyangwa Ibuprofen yo kuvura umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri. Ntugahe Aspirine umuntu uri munsi y'imyaka 19.
- Rinda abatishoboye ubarinda kugira ngo batabona umuntu wese ugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ibicurane.
- Niba ibimenyetso bikomeye (urugero: kugorwa no guhumeka, kubabara mu gatuza, kuzungera cyane, cyangwa kuruka ku buryo budasubirwaho), cyangwa niba umuriro utagabanutse, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya. Niba ugize ikibazo cyihutirwa, hamagara 911 cyangwa usure ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’ibitaro biri hafi yawe.
Ukurikije izi ntambwe, wowe n'umuryango wawe mushobora kwirinda ibicurane. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza hamwe na Nirogi Lanka!
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