Ese ufite platelets nke mu maraso yawe? Reka tuvuge kuri ibi (Trombocytopenia)!

Umeze ute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara ishobora kumvikana nk'ikomeye gato, ariko iyo isobanuwe neza, ishobora kugenzurwa ku rugero runini. Iyo ni igabanuka ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu maraso, indwara yitwa (Trombocytopenia) mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi. Ushobora kuba warumvise iri jambo rivuye kwa muganga, cyangwa wararibonye muri raporo y'amaraso. Ntugahangayike, tuzavuga kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Ubwa mbere, reka turebe ibyo bintu byo mu maraso ari byo, kandi kuki ari ingenzi kuri twe?

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: platelets ni uturemangingo duto tumeze nk'abasirikare tunyura mu mitsi yacu y'amaraso. Mu by'ukuri, ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo duto cyane, tutagira ibara. Kimwe n'izindi ngirabuzimafatizo mu maraso yacu, platelets zikorerwa mu turemangingo tworoshye turi mu magufwa yacu twitwa umwongo w'amagufwa.

Noneho urabaza uti, kuki dukeneye aba basirikare bato? Dore ikintu cy'ingenzi: Iyo twakomeretse ahantu runaka tugatangira kuva amaraso, nk'igihe tugiye ku rugamba, izi platelets ni zo zihita zijyayo mbere zigahurira hamwe zigakora ikibyimba cy'amaraso (`(ikibyimba)`) kugira ngo zihagarike kuva amaraso. Ni nk'igihe ushyira sima mu mwobo uri ku rukuta kugira ngo ugifunge. Rero, iyo udafite platelets, ndetse n'igikomere gito gishobora kutabasha guhagarika kuva amaraso. Ese urasobanukiwe akamaro kabyo?

None se, iki gipimo gito cya platelet, cyangwa thrombocytopenia, ni ikihe?

Muri make, thrombocytopenia ni igihe amaraso yawe afite umubare uri munsi y’umubare usanzwe wa platelets. Ubusanzwe, umuntu muzima aba afite platelets ziri hagati ya miliyoni 1.5 na 4.5 kuri mililitiro imwe y’amaraso. Iyo uyu mubare ugabanutse munsi y’uyu, tuwita thrombocytopenia.

Ariko iki ni iki: igitonyanga gito cya platelets si ikintu gikomeye buri gihe. Biterwa n'uburyo kiri hasi, impamvu kiri hasi, n'uburyo kigabanuka vuba. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Kuki tugira umubare muto w'udukoko twa platelet? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Hari impamvu zitandukanye zishobora gutuma amaraso aba make. Reka tubigabanyemo ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi.

1. Iyo umusemburo w'amagufwa ugabanutse ku gukora kwa plaquettes mu maraso:

Twavuze mbere ku buryo platelets zikorwa mu musemburo w'amagufwa. Rero, iyo habayeho ikibazo kuri uyu musemburo w'amagufwa kandi umusaruro wa platelets ukagabanuka, umubare wa platelets mu maraso uragabanuka. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera ibi:

• Zimwe mu ndwara zandurira mu maraso: Urugero, indwara nka dengue fiver, hepatite C, na virusi itera SIDA zishobora gutuma umwongo w'amagufwa unanirwa gukora neza.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri (Chimiotherapie), imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ubukana bw'ibisebe, hamwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibisebe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku musemburo w'amagufwa.
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi: Ibi bishobora no kwangiza umwongo w'amagufwa.
• Kubura Vitamine: Iyo umubiri udafite Vitamine B12 (`(Vitamine B12)`) ihagije cyangwa folate (`(Folate)`), umusaruro wa plaquettes mu maraso ushobora kugabanuka.
• Kanseri z'amaraso: Kanseri z'amaraso nka leukemia zishobora gutuma umwongo w'amagufwa uhagarika gukora uturemangingo dusanzwe.
• Aplastic Anemia: Ibi bibaho iyo umwongo w'amagufwa udakora uturemangingo tw'amaraso neza.
• Indwara ya Myelodysplastic: Iyi ni indwara ituma umwongo w'amagufwa udakora neza.
• Indwara zidasanzwe zo mu maraso: Hari igihe umusemburo muke wa platelets ushobora guterwa n'impamvu ziboneka mu maraso.

2. Niba plaquettes zakozwe zangiritse vuba cyangwa zikoreshejwe cyane mu mubiri:

Hari igihe, nubwo umwobo w'amagufwa wakora platelets zihagije, iyo zangiritse vuba mu mubiri, cyangwa iyo zikoreshejwe cyane bitewe no kuva amaraso menshi, umubare wa platelets ushobora kugabanuka.

• ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura): Iki ni cyo gihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bwibasira bugasenya uduce duto tw'amaraso. Ibi bishobora kubaho ku bana bato nyuma yo kugira umuriro uterwa na virusi, ariko bishobora no kubaho no ku bantu bakuru.
• Ibi bishobora no kubaho no mu zindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, nka lupus na rheumatoid arthritis.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Hari imiti ishobora gutuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwangiza plaquettes z'amaraso, ndetse no mu gihe umuntu arwaye indwara ya ALLEGY.
• Kwandura cyane (sepsis): Mu kwandura gukomeye, indwara nka DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) zishobora kubaho, bigatuma uduce duto tw’amaraso ducika vuba.
• TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) (`(Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)`) na HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) (`(Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)`): Izi ni indwara zidasanzwe ariko ziteje akaga. Muri iki kibazo, amaraso mato atangira kuzura mu mitsi maze uduce duto tw’amaraso tugakoreshwa.

3. Iyo urwagashya rubaye rwinshi kandi plaque zikirundanya aho:

Udusimba ni urugingo ruherereye ku ruhande rwo hejuru ibumoso rw'inda yacu. Ruyungurura amaraso rukanakuraho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushaje. Iyo utwo dusimba twibasiwe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe (urugero: indwara y'umwijima - cirrhose, indwara zimwe na zimwe, kanseri y'amaraso), rushobora kurundanya udusimba twinshi kuruta uko bisanzwe, bigatuma umubare wa platelets mu maraso ugabanuka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kubaho iyo platelets z'amaraso ziri hasi?

Ibimenyetso by'uko platelets ziri hasi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Biterwa kandi n'uburyo platelets zawe ziri hasi n'uburyo zigabanuka vuba. Hari igihe abantu bafite platelets nke bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato. Ariko, dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Ibisebe: Ibisebe ni ibisebe binini, by'ubururu cyangwa umuhengeri ku ruhu. Ndetse n'agahu gato aho ari ho hose gashobora gutera igisebe kinini.
• Utudomo duto dutukura ku ruhu:Hari igihe utudomo duto dutukura cyangwa umuhengeri (`(petechiae)`) tugaragara ku mubiri wose, nk'udukoko duto, ku maguru no ku maboko. Utwo tudomo ntitubura iyo urebye.
• Bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo kuva amaraso kuhagarare nyuma yo gukomereka.
• Kuva amaraso mu ishinya, kuva amaraso kenshi mu mazuru.
• Kuva amaraso mu nkari cyangwa mu mwanda (inkari zishobora kuba zitukura, umwanda ushobora kuba umukara cyangwa amaraso).
• Ku bagore, imihango iraremereye kandi imara iminsi myinshi kuruta uko bisanzwe.
• Kumva unaniwe, umunaniro.
• Hari igihe, iyo bifitanye isano n'ikibazo cy'umwijima, amaso ashobora guhinduka umuhondo (jaundice).

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ugize ibimenyetso nko kubabara umutwe, kumva ufite intege nke, cyangwa ugorwa no kuvuga, ugomba guhita ujya kwa muganga, kuko ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'amaraso ava mu bwonko!

Niba dufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, twakora iki? Ese twajya kwa muganga?

Yego rwose! Niba ufite amaraso adasanzwe, uduheri tw'amaraso ku ruhu rwawe, cyangwa umunaniro ukabije, ntubyirengagize maze ushakishe muganga. Ntugatinye, ariko ntugatinde. Muganga azakubaza ibibazo, agusuzume, kandi akwohereze gukorerwa ibizamini nibiba ngombwa.

Ni gute muganga asuzuma ibi? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini bakora?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, babanza kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, imiti ufata, ndetse niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ibibazo nk'ibyo. Hanyuma bazagusuzuma barebe niba urimo kuva amaraso, uruhu rwahinduye ibara, ndetse n'urwara rworoshye.

Byongeye kandi, birashoboka gukora ibizamini nka:

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (FBC) : Iki ni cyo kizamini nyamukuru kigaragaza umubare nyawo w'udukoko twa plaquettes mu maraso. Kinatanga amakuru yerekeye uturemangingo dutukura n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera.
• Gupima amaraso mu gice cyo hanze : Ibi bikubiyemo gufata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso no kureba imiterere n'ingano ya platelets hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Hari n'igihe bareba niba platelets zifatanye cyangwa niba hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe.
• Ibindi bipimo by'amaraso: Hari ibindi bipimo bishobora gufasha kumenya impamvu. Urugero, ibizamini byo kugenzura imikorere y'umwijima (ibizamini by'imikorere y'umwijima), ibizamini by'imikorere y'impyiko, ibizamini byo gusuzuma ubwandu bwa virusi, n'ibizamini byo gusuzuma ibimenyetso by'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.
• Gupima no gusuzuma uburyo amaraso akoreshwa mu gupima umwotsi w'amagufwa : Hari igihe, iyo ibizamini by'amaraso byonyine bitagaragaje impamvu, iki kizamini gikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba umwotsi w'amagufwa urimo gukora plaquettes neza. Ibi bisaba gufata umwotsi muke mu gace gato, nko mu kibuno, munsi y'ikinya.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura plaquettes nke mu maraso?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bahura nacyo. Uburyo bwo kuvura platelets nke biterwa gusa n'icyabiteye n'uburyo ikibazo gikomeye. Nta gisubizo kimwe gihuye na byose.

• Ku bafite umubare muto wa platelet: Iyo umubare wa platelet utari muto cyane kandi nta bimenyetso byo kuva amaraso bigaragara, rimwe na rimwe nta buvuzi bukenewe, ni ukureba gusa ukoresheje ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe.
• Kuvura impamvu nyamukuru:
• Niba umuti watumye umubare w’imitsi itera amaraso mu mubiri wawe ugabanuka, muganga wawe azakubwira guhagarika gufata umuti cyangwa akaguhindurira undi muti. Ubona ari byiza kutareka gufata umuti?
• Iyo byatewe n'ubwandu, ubwo bwandu buravurwa.
• Iyo ari indwara iterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, iravurwa.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura by'umwihariko plaquettes nke mu maraso:
• Corticosteroids : Urugero, imiti nka prednisolone. Iyi itangwa kugira ngo ihagarike ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kwangiza plaquettes z'amaraso (mu bihe nka ITP).
• Immunoglobulin Iterwa mu Mitsi (IVIG): Uyu ni umuti umeze nk'umunyu ushyirwa mu mitsi. Ukoreshwa mu kongera vuba umubare wa platelets mu bihe bikomeye aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwangiza platelets z'amaraso.
• Indi miti igenzura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (imiti igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri): Iyi itangwa iyo imiti ya steroid idakora cyangwa niba ingaruka mbi ari nyinshi cyane.
• Agontisiti za Thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-RAs): Iyi miti itera imbaraga umwongo w'amagufwa kugira ngo ukore platelets nyinshi.
• Guterwa platelet: Niba uva amaraso menshi cyangwa niba platelet yawe ari nke cyane kandi ikaba nke cyane (urugero: mbere yo kubagwa), ushobora guhabwa platelet hanze. Ariko, iki ni igisubizo cy'igihe gito gusa.
• Kubaga agace k'umugongo: Iyo agace k'umugongo gagaragaye ko gatera kwangirika kwa platelets, kandi ubundi buryo bwo kuvura budakora neza (cyane cyane mu gihe kirekire cyo kuvurwa), kubaga gukuraho agace k'umugongo bishobora gukorwa. Ariko, gukuraho agace k'umugongo byongera ibyago byo kwandura.
• Guhinduranya plasma (cyangwa Plasmapheresis): Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu bihe byihariye nka TTP.

Ni iki twagombye kwitaho mu gihe tubana n'iki kibazo?

Abantu bafite plaquette nke mu maraso bagomba kwitonda gato mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.

• Irinde ibikorwa bishobora gutera kugwa no gukomereka. Urugero, siporo zo gukubitana ntizikwiye.
• Witondere cyane iyo ukoresha ibikoresho bityaye cyangwa ukata imboga.
• Koresha uburoso bworoshye bw'amenyo mugihe woza amenyo yawe. Witondere kugira ngo utakomeretsa ishinya ryawe.
• Gufata imiti igabanya amaraso nka aspirine, NSAIDs (nka ibuprofen) nta nama ya mugangaNtukabikoreshe. Bishobora kongera amaraso. Bwira buri muganga n'umuganga w'amenyo ko ubona ko ufite platelets nkeya.
• Menya ibimenyetso byose by'amaraso (uduheri tw'uruhu, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, kuva amaraso mu ishinya). Bibwire muganga wawe niba ubonye ibimenyetso bishya.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye. Keretse niba umubare w'imitsi yawe ya platelet uri hasi bitewe no kubura vitamine, indyo yonyine ntabwo izayikiza. Ariko, ni ngombwa kubona intungamubiri umubiri wawe ukeneye.
• Kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika burundu kunywa inzoga .

Ese ibi bishobora kuba bikomeye? Ni izihe ngorane?

Yego, iyi ishobora kuba indwara ikomeye iyo umubare w’udukoko twa platelet ugabanutse cyane cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye.

Ingaruka nyamukuru ni ukuva amaraso menshi. Ibi bishobora kugaragara (kuva mu gisebe, mu mazuru) cyangwa imbere (urugero, mu bwonko, mu gifu, mu mara). Kuva amaraso imbere bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane gufata imiti neza nk'uko muganga abivuga no kwitonda.

Incamake n'amagambo ya nyuma

Sawa, rero ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza ibyo twavuze uyu munsi (Trombocytopenia) cyangwa platelets nke mu maraso. Wibuke ko ibi bivuze ko platelets mu maraso ziri hasi ugereranyije n’ibisanzwe. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera, kandi ibimenyetso biratandukanye kuri buri muntu.

Igikuru ni uko, niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, aho gufata ibyemezo wenyine, cyangwa gushaka imiti kuri interineti, shaka umuganga mwiza, shakisha impamvu nyayo, hanyuma ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ntugahangayike, akenshi, iyo uvuwe neza kandi ugafatwa neza, ushobora kugenzura iki kibazo no kubaho ubuzima bwiza. Gira ukuri kandi ube inyangamugayo kuri muganga wawe kuri byose, kandi ubaze ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ushobora kuba ufite. Ibi bizagufasha gusobanukirwa neza ibi kandi bigufashe guhangana n'ikibazo neza.

` thrombocytopenia, umubare wa platelets, platelets, umwongo w'amagufwa, kuva amaraso, gukomereka, ITP, indwara z'amaraso, ingingo y'ubuvuzi ya Sinhala, petechiae