Ese ufite ibibazo ku ndwara zidasanzwe? Reka tubiganireho!

Ese wigeze wumva, cyangwa se wigeze wumva umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yawe, avuga ku ndwara idasanzwe kandi idakunze kugaragara yibasira abantu gusa? Hari igihe bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo umenye iyo ndwara. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara nk'izo zidakunze kugaragara . Ni ngombwa cyane kuzimenya, kuko ntuzigera umenya igihe tuzakenera ubu bumenyi.

Indwara idakunze kugaragara ni iyihe?

Mu magambo make, indwara idakunze kugaragara ni indwara yibasira abantu bake cyane muri sosiyete. Noneho, reba, mu gihugu nka Amerika, indwara yibasira abantu batageze ku bihumbi magana abiri ifatwa nk'indwara idakunze kugaragara. Mu Bwongereza, indwara yibasira abantu batageze ku 1 mu 2000. Nk'uko Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ribivuga, indwara zifata abantu batageze ku 65 mu 100.000 zigwa muri iki cyiciro. Rero urabona, ibisobanuro by'ibi biratandukanye gato bitewe n'igihugu.

Kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi bamaze kuvumbura indwara nk'izo zidasanzwe zirenga 7.000! Tekereza, izi ndwara zose zifata abantu barenga miliyoni 300 ku isi, abenshi muri bo bakaba ari abana bato. Hari n'abantu bafite izo ndwara muri Sri Lanka, ariko ntabwo zivugwaho cyane.

Tekereza uramutse wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi ufite indwara idasanzwe nk'iyi. Byaba bigoye gute?

• Bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo umuntu amenye neza indwara iyo ari yo. Hari igihe, ndetse no nyuma yo kujya kwa muganga umwe umwe no gupimwa inshuro imwe, indwara ntishobora kumenyekana.
• Ibimenyetso by'izi ndwara bishobora gusa n'iby'izindi ndwara zisanzwe, bityo ntibigaragara ako kanya ko iyi ari indwara idakunze kugaragara.
• Ibimenyetso bishobora gutuma bigorana gukora neza mu buzima bwa buri munsi, gukora akazi, cyangwa gukora imirimo yo mu rugo. Kuri bamwe, kurangiza umunsi gusa bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.
• Indwara nyinshi zidasanzwe ntizigira uburyo bwo kuvura butanga umusaruro.
• Kubana n'indwara nk'iyi bishobora kuba umutwaro ukomeye w'amafaranga ku miryango. Bishobora kugorana kwishyura ikiguzi cy'imiti n'ubuvuzi.
• Umurwayi n'abamwitaho bose bumva bananiwe cyane mu mutwe no mu mubiri.

Ariko siyansi iratera imbere umunsi ku wundi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora ubushakashatsi ku ndwara nk'izi bahora bagerageza gushaka impamvu no gutegura uburyo bushya bwo kuvura. Rero ntugahangayike.

Ese hari itandukaniro hagati y'indwara z'impfubyi n'indwara zidasanzwe?

Abantu benshi bakoresha amagambo "indwara y'imfubyi" na "indwara idakunze kugaragara" mu buryo bumwe. Ariko hari itandukaniro rito. Indwara z'imfubyi ni indwara abashakashatsi batakozeho ubushakashatsi bwinshi, cyangwa se na gato (ibi bishobora kuba birimo indwara zidakunze kugaragara). Ibi akenshi biterwa n'ikiguzi kinini cy'ubushakashatsi.

Ariko ubu ibintu birimo guhinduka gato. Guverinoma n'imiryango itandukanye hirya no hino ku isi batangiye gushyira amafaranga yo gukora ubushakashatsi ku "miti y'imfubyi" kugira ngo haboneke imiti ivura izo "ndwara z'imfubyi".

Ni izihe ndwara zidasanzwe?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, hari indwara ibihumbi zidasanzwe. Zimwe muri zo ushobora kuba warumvise. Izindi ntizizwi cyane. Dore ingero nke:

• Acromegaly
• Alice muri Wonderland syndrome
• Ubushobozi bwo kuvura indwara ya Amiotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (Aplastic anemia)
• Indwara ya cystic fibrosis
• Kurwara imitsi ya Duchenne
• Indwara ya Ehlers-Danlos
• Indwara ya Fabry
• Indwara ya Gaucher
• Indwara ya Huntington
• Mesothelioma
• Indwara y'inkari ya Maple syrup
• Indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umutsi

Aya mazina ashobora kumvikana nk'adasanzwe, ariko ibi byose ni indwara zidasanzwe zigira ingaruka ku bantu.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara zidasanzwe?

Hari impamvu zitandukanye zitera indwara zidasanzwe. Hari ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi by'impamvu:

1. Genetics: Impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo niyo mpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara nyinshi zidasanzwe. Izi mpinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora kuragwa n'ababyeyi bawe (germline mutation), cyangwa zishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye mu mubiri wawe nta muntu n'umwe wo mu muryango ufite (somatic mutation).

2. Udukoko/Mikorobe: Indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nke cyane. Urugero, indwara nk'igituntu ntizikunze kugaragara mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe ariko zikunze kugaragara mu bindi.

3. Uburozi: Hari imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mubiri igatera indwara. Urugero, kwibasirwa na asbestos bishobora gutera mesothelioma, kanseri y’ibihaha idakunze kugaragara.

Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho izindi mpamvu:

• Kutabona vitamine cyangwa imyunyungugu runaka bihagije (Kubura intungamubiri).
• Impanuka `(Imvune)`.
• Ingaruka zitunguranye mu gihe cyo kuvura indi ndwara.

Hari igihe nta mpamvu ishobora kuboneka itera izi ndwara zidasanzwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'izi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara zidasanzwe biratandukanye cyane. Bitandukanye bitewe n'indwara. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, rimwe na rimwe ibi bimenyetso bisa cyane n'ibimenyetso by'izindi ndwara zisanzwe. Ibi bituma bigorana kumenya neza indwara. Hari abantu bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso na gato mu ntangiriro.

Niba ubabara umubiri wawe, uhorana umunaniro, kandi ukaba utabasha kumenya impamvu, jya kwa muganga.

Ni gute indwara zidasanzwe zipimwa?

Kumenya indwara idakunze kugaragara akenshi biragoye. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera:

• Ibimenyetso bisa n'izindi ndwara.
• Indwara nyinshi ni nke cyane ku buryo n'abaganga batazibona kenshi, bigatuma bigorana kuzisuzuma.

Bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo umenye neza ibirimo kuba mu mubiri wawe. Abaganga bazakubaza ibimenyetso byawe kandi bakore ibizamini, nko gupima amaraso no gupima amashusho, kugira ngo bamenye byinshi. Abaganga barasobanukiwe ko iki gikorwa gishobora kugutera imihangayiko no kugorana. Bazakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bagufashe gusuzuma indwara, cyangwa bakoherereze abaganga b'inzobere bafite ubumenyi muri ako gace.

Wamenya ute niba umwana afite izi ndwara?

Mu bihugu nka Amerika, buri mwana uvutse akorerwa ibizamini byihariye byitwa "Isuzuma ry'impinja." Ibi bizamini bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe zitagaragara mu bwenge bwa mbere, ariko zishobora kuba ziri mu mwana (urugero: indwara ya sickle cell, cystic fibrosis). Ibi "suzuma ry'impinja" ni uburyo bw'ingenzi cyane bwo kumenya indwara zidasanzwe mu bana bato. Iyo indwara igaragaye hakiri kare, umwana ashobora kuvurwa vuba bishoboka. Bimwe muri ibyo bizamini bikorerwa no muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara zidasanzwe?

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura indwara zidasanzwe:

• Imiti
• Inyongeramusaruro cyangwa impinduka ku mirire
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi
• Uburyo bumwe cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaga
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri
• Gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye by'ubuvuzi

Intego zo kuvura nazo ziratandukanye bitewe n'indwara:

• Gukiza burundu indwara (ibi akenshi biragoye kubikora).
• Gukumira ko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera.
• Kugenzura ibimenyetso.

Ikibabaje ni uko indwara nyinshi zidasanzwe zitagira umuti, ariko abashakashatsi bakomeje gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo babone uburyo bwo kuvura bwafasha abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni.

Ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibijyanye n'ubuvuzi bushya bwo kugerageza (igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi) . Ubu ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe neza aho abashakashatsi bapima uburyo ibizamini bimwe na bimwe n'ubuvuzi bikora neza. Uramutse wifatanyije na bumwe muri ubwo buryo, ushobora kubona uburyo bushya kandi bushoboka bwo kuvura indwara yawe.

Irinde "ubuvuzi" cyangwa "umuti" uwo ari wo wose ubona kuri interineti. Nuwubona, wereke muganga wawe. Ashobora kukubwira niba ukubereye, niba ari ingirakamaro, cyangwa niba ari ugupfusha ubusa amafaranga cyangwa niba ari ukukugirira nabi. Hari ibintu bishobora kutagira icyo bikumarira na gato, ndetse bimwe na bimwe bishobora no kukugirira nabi.

Ejo hazaza hateretse iki ku muntu urwaye indwara idakunze kugaragara?

Ahazaza hawe, cyangwa icyo ahazaza hagufitiye, biterwa n'ibintu byinshi:

• Ni iyihe ndwara yawe yihariye ?
• Uburyo iyi ndwara yagaragaye vuba .
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buhari ?
• Ni izihe ngorane zindi z'ubuzima ufite?

Abaganga bawe bashobora kukubwira byinshi kuri ibi bintu. Abantu benshi barwaye indwara zidasanzwe babaho igihe kirekire kandi bishimye. Ikibabaje ni uko zimwe mu ndwara zidasanzwe zishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho cy'umuntu.

Wibuke ko abantu bose batandukanye. Nubwo ushobora kwigira byinshi mu kuganira n'abandi bafite ikibazo nk'icyawe, urugendo rwawe rushobora kuba rutandukanye. Urugero, ntucike intege niba uburyo bwo kuvura bwakubereye undi muntu butakubereye. Abaganga bawe bazakomeza gukorana nawe kugira ngo bagushakire amahitamo meza.

Ese indwara zidasanzwe zishobora kwirindwa?

Kubera ko indwara nyinshi zidakunze kugaragara ziterwa n’ibintu bikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo, nta kintu kinini twakora kugira ngo tuzirinde. Niba wowe cyangwa umukunzi wawe mufite indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi mukaba muteganya kubyara umwana, byaba byiza musabye inama ku ngirabuzimafatizo . Umujyanama ashobora gusobanura amahirwe y’uko umwana wanyu ashobora kurwara iyi ndwara.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe?

Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibimenyetso byawe bihindutse nta mpamvu igaragara, gana muganga. Niba warahuye n'abaganga benshi ariko ntibabone impamvu, ushobora gusaba koherezwa mu kigo cy'ubuvuzi cyihariye mu gusuzuma, kuvura no gukora ubushakashatsi ku ndwara zidasanzwe.

Ibibazo by'ingenzi ugomba kubaza muganga wawe

Dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bizagufasha kumenya byinshi nyuma yo gupimwa indwara:

• Ni gute nageze muri iki kibazo?
• Ni ubuhe buvuzi nahabwa? Bukorwa gute?
• Wavuga iki ku byerekeye ahazaza hawe?
• Ese wagira inama yo kwitabira igerageza ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo habeho uburyo bushya bwo kuvura?
• Ese ni byiza ko n'umuryango wanjye upimisha imiterere y'uturemangingo?
• Ese ushobora kunhuza n'amatsinda y'abarwayi nk'aya?

Ni hehe nabona amakuru n'ubufasha?

Kubana n'indwara idakunze kugaragara bishobora kugutera irungu rimwe na rimwe. Bishobora kugorana kubona abandi babyeyi basobanukiwe n'ikibazo cyawe, cyane cyane niba umwana wawe yasanzwemo iyi ndwara. Vugana na muganga wawe ku buryo ushobora kubaka urusobe rw'abantu n'ibikoresho wowe n'umuryango wawe mushobora kwiyambaza kugira ngo mubafashe. Urugero, hashobora kubaho amahirwe yo kwinjira mu matsinda yo gufasha abarwayi kuri interineti cyangwa ibizamini byo kwa muganga.

Muri Sri Lanka, hari ibitaro bifite abaganga b'inzobere bafasha abantu bafite indwara zidasanzwe. Nanone, hari imiryango imwe n'imwe y'abakorerabushake itanga ubufasha kuri abo barwayi n'imiryango yabo. Noneho kora ubushakashatsi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka

Kubana n'indwara idakunze kugaragara ntabwo byoroshye, ariko ibuka ko utari wenyine.

• Shaka amakuru akwiye. Menya ibyerekeye indwara yawe, uburyo ivurwamo, n'ubushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa.
• Huza n'itsinda ryiza ry'abaganga. Shaka abaganga n'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima bakumva kandi bagushyigikira.
• Jya mu matsinda yo gushyigikirana. Kuganira n'abantu bahuye n'ibibazo nk'ibyawe ni isoko ikomeye y'imbaraga.
• Ntimucike intege. Siyansi irimo gutera imbere, kandi hari uburyo bushya bwo kuvura burimo kuza.

Turacyazi bike cyane ku ndwara nyinshi zidasanzwe. Ariko abashakashatsi barimo kuvumbura ibintu bishya buri munsi. Rero hangana n'iki kibazo ubigiranye ubutwari. Ntiwibagirwe ko hari umuntu ushobora kugufasha, uzakumva.

Indwara zidasanzwe , Indwara z'impfubyi, Indwara z'uturemangingo, Isuzuma ry'indwara, Indwara zidakira, Ubufasha bw'abarwayi, Igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi