Rubella (Indwara y'Abadage): Ese ibi urabizi? Reka tuganire birambuye!

Ushobora kuba wibuka indwara itera umuriro muke n'uduheri duto dutukura ku maso no ku mubiri wose. Hari n'abantu bayita 'Measles y'Abadage'. Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, Rubella. Urebye bwa mbere, ushobora gutekereza uti 'Oya, iyi ni measles ntoya.' Ariko, iyi si indwara yo gufatwa nk'aho ari yo yoroshye, cyane cyane iyo igira ingaruka ku mubyeyi utwite, kuko ishobora kuba mbi cyane ku mwana uri mu nda . None se, reka twige byose kuri iyi rubella, si byo se?

Rubella ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Rubella ni indwara yandura . Iterwa na virusi yitwa `(virusi ya RuV)`. Kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'iyi ndwara ni uduheri ku mubiri. Mu by'ukuri, utu duheri dutukura dutangira ku maso hanyuma tugakwirakwira umubiri wose. Niyo mpamvu bamwe bayita 'measles y'Abadage' cyangwa 'measles y'iminsi itatu' . Ariko, ibi si kimwe n'measles zisanzwe tuzi, ariko virusi iyitera, virusi ya rubella, ni yo nziza kurushaho. Rero ntukivange izi ndwara ebyiri.

Igikuru ni uko iyo umubyeyi arwaye rubella mu gihe atwite, umwana ashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima . Tuzabivugaho nyuma.

Indwara ya Rubella yo mu gihe cyo kuvuka (CRS) ni iki?

Iki ni cyo kintu kibi cyane cya rubella. `(Congenital Rubella Syndrome)` cyangwa `(CRS)` bivuze ko iyo umubyeyi utwite arwaye rubella, virusi ikwirakwira ku mwana uri mu nda. Tekereza, iyo iyi ndwara ivuye kuri nyina ijya ku mwana, umwana ashobora kugira indwara zikomeye cyane nko kugira ibibazo by'uruhu, kutumva neza, kutabona neza, indwara z'umutima, n'ibibazo bifitanye isano n'imikurire y'ubwonko igihe avuka. Niyo mpamvu ababyeyi batwite bagomba kwitondera ibi cyane.

Ese rubela na measles ni kimwe?

Oya, izi ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye . Nubwo ibimenyetso bisa, izi ndwara zombi ziterwa n'ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa virusi . Rero ni byiza kutavanga izo ndwara zombi, sibyo?

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane na rubella? Ni ku rugero rungana iki?

Mu by’ukuri, umuntu wese ashobora kwandura rubella. Ariko nk’uko twabivuze mbere, ingaruka zikomeye cyane ziba ku bana bavutse ku babyeyi barwaye rubella mu gihe batwite, ari byo byitwa `(Congenital Rubella Syndrome - CRS)`.

Nubwo tutaratangaza ku mugaragaro ko indwara ya rubella yaranduwe muri Sri Lanka nkuko twabikoze muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara ryaragabanutse cyane kubera inkingo. Ariko, rubella iracyagaragara mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byo ku isi, cyane cyane mu bihugu nka Aziya, Afurika, no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Kubwibyo, ni byiza kubimenya niba ugiye mu mahanga.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya rubella?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cya rubella ni uduheri . Ibi akenshi bitangirira mu maso bigakwirakwira mu mubiri wose. Ku bana bato, uduheri dushobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara. Ariko, ku bana bakuru n'abantu bakuru, uduheri dushobora kutagaragara nyuma y'iminsi mike hamaze kugaragara ibindi bimenyetso.

Tekereza gato, hari igihe abantu bagera kuri 50% bashobora kurwara rubella batagaragaza ibimenyetso . Ariko bashobora no kwanduza abandi. Ibyo biteye ubwoba gato, si byo se?

Ibi ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya rubella:

• Uduheri dutukura (twa mbere mu maso, hanyuma umubiri wose)
• Umuriro muto.
• Inkorora
• Kubabara mu muhogo
• Izuru riva
• Umutwe
• Gutukura kw'amaso (Ijisho ry'umutuku / Conjunctivite)
• Ububabare bw'ingingo
• Malaise (malaise)
• Utunyangingo tw’imitsi tubyimbye (nk’ijosi, mu kwaha)

Ni iki gitera indwara ya rubela?

Impamvu nyamukuru itera rubela ni virusi yitwa `(virusi ya RuV)` . Virusi ni ibinyabuzima bito cyane. Ntibishobora kubaho byonyine. Icyo zikora ni ukwinjira mu tunyangingo tw'abantu, inyamaswa, cyangwa ibimera hanyuma zigakoresha utwo tunyangingo kugira ngo zikore izindi nyito zazo. Mu magambo make, zanduza imibiri yacu.

Ese rubela yandura? Yandura ite?

Yego, rubela ni indwara yandura . Ikwirakwira kuva ku muntu ijya ku wundi binyuze mu bitonyanga bya virusi bisohoka mu kirere iyo umuntu ahumeka, akorora, cyangwa yitsamuye. Ishobora kandi gukwirakwira no gukora ku bintu byanduye iyi virusi hanyuma igakora ku mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa.

Igikuru ni uko ishobora no kwanduzwa n'umubyeyi utwite kugeza ku mwana we akiri mu nda . Hari igihe umuntu ashobora kwanduzanya indwara ya rubella nta kimenyetso na kimwe agaragaza.

Ubusanzwe, rubela yandura cyane icyumweru kimwe mbere na nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe igaragaye .

Ese abantu bakuru nabo bashobora kurwara rubella?

Yego, rubela yandura, bityo ishobora kwanduzwa n'abana bato, abandi bantu bakuru, ndetse n'abantu bakuru.

Bigenda bite iyo urwaye rubella mu gihe utwite?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi tugomba kwitaho . Niba utwite, cyane cyane iyo urwaye rubella mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'amezi atatu , umwana wawe aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara twavuze mbere, yitwa Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS).

Ariko hari inkuru nziza! Iyo utewe urukingo rwa rubella mbere yo gutwita, ushobora kurinda umwana wawe iyi ndwara (CRS).

Bisobanura iki niba ikizamini cya rubella mu gihe utwite "Kiri muzima"?

Niba nta bimenyetso ufite, kandi muganga wawe agapima amaraso ya rubella mbere cyangwa mu gihe utwite, azasuzuma niba ufite ubudahangarwa burwanya rubella. Izi budahangarwa ni poroteyine zidasanzwe umubiri wacu ukora iyo ikintu kibi cyinjiye mu mibiri yacu kugira ngo kiyirwanye.

Rero, niba ikizamini cyawe cy’ubudahangarwa bwa rubella gifite "Positive", bivuze ko wigeze kurwara rubella mbere cyangwa warakingiwe. Ariko, bivuze kandi ko udafite ubudahangarwa bwa rubella kandi ntuzongera kurwara byoroshye. Ibyo ni byiza cyane mu gihe utwite.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yitwa `(CRS)`?

Ibimenyetso bya syndrome ya rubella yo mu gihe cyo kuvuka bishobora kugaragara . Iyo urwaye rubella utwite, umwana wawe ashobora kuvuka afite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kubura cyangwa kwangirika k'amaso: Biterwa n'indwara nka cataracts n'umuvuduko w'amaso wiyongera (glaucoma).
• Gutakaza cyangwa kugabanuka k'uburyo bwo kumva.
• Indwara z'umutima.
• Impinduka zijyanye n'ubwonko: Ubwonko burananirwa gukura neza, bivuze kuvukana ubwonko buto (microcephaly), ububabare mu bwonko, imyigire n'imyitwarire.
• Indwara z'amagufwa.
• Kugabanuka kw'ibice bigize amaraso: platelets nke mu maraso (thrombocytopenia), anemia (anemia y'amaraso).
• Indwara ya tiroyide.
• Kwaguka k'umwijima n'agasabo (`(hepatosplenomegaly)`).
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 (`(Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 / diyabete iterwa na insuline)`).

Wamenya ute ko urwaye rubella?

Kugira ngo amenye neza niba ufite rubella, muganga wawe azabanza kugusuzuma no kugenzura ibisebe ku mubiri wawe. Byongeye kandi, bashobora gupima amaraso yawe, inkari, cyangwa udupira two mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibimenyetso bya virusi ya rubella.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini bikorwa?

Ibipimo bikurikira bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma rubela:

• Gupima amaraso : Urushinge ruto rushyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe hanyuma hagafatwa icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe. Ibi bireba niba urwanya indwara ya rubella. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza niba ufite iyi ndwara ubu, warayirwaye mbere, cyangwa warakingiwe.
• Gusukura izuru cyangwa umuhogo : Muganga azagufata agapfukamunwa mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo. Laboratwari izagapima kugira ngo irebe niba virusi ya rubella ihari.
• Ibizamini by'inkari : Uzasabwa kunyara mu gikombe gisukuye. Icyitegererezo cy'inkari kizoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo bapime virusi ya rubella.

Niba ikizamini cya rubella ari ``Positive`` bivuze iki?

Iyo icyitegererezo cyakuwe mu mazuru, mu muhogo, cyangwa mu nkari kigarutse "kiragaragara", bivuze ko wanduye rubella .

Ariko, niba ikizamini cy'amaraso cyakozwe utari urwaye kigarutse "cyavuyemo" (positive), bivuze ko ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya rubela mu mubiri wawe.Bivuze ko ihari. Antibodies ni poroteyine zidasanzwe zishobora kumenya abatera indwara nka virusi na bagiteri. Rero, niba ufite antibodies ``(Positive)`` mugihe utari urwaye, bivuze ko wigeze kurwara rubella mbere, cyangwa warakingiwe, none ubu ufite ubudahangarwa bwayo. Ibi bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe buzi uburyo bwo kwica virusi nigaruka.

Rubela ivurwa ite?

Nta muti wihariye wa rubella uhari. Akenshi irakira ubwayo mu minsi mike. Ushobora kuvura ibimenyetso byawe mu rugo ukoresheje imiti igurishwa ku iduka.

Kubera ko indwara ya rubela yandura, muganga wawe azakubwira kwirinda abandi bantu (`(akato)`) kugira ngo ugabanye ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.

Ni gute wagenzura ibimenyetso?

Kenshi na kenshi, ibimenyetso bya rubela bishobora gukemurwa mu rugo. Ushobora gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare nka parasetamol, inkorora n'imiti ifata ibicurane, nibindi. Ariko, ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibimenyetso byawe.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba umwana wawe muto arwaye rubela, ntukamuhe umuti utabanje kubibaza muganga.

Iyo ndwara ya `(CRS)` ivurwa ite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya rubella (CRS) bugenda butandukana bitewe n'ubukana bwayo . Hari indwara zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa kubagwa. Ariko, hari ibyangiritse bibaho burundu . Muri icyo gihe, icyo umuntu ashobora gukora ni ukuvura iyo ndwara no gufasha abantu kugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Ni gute wakwirinda indwara ya rubella?

Uburyo bwiza kandi bw'ingenzi bwo kwirinda rubella ni urukingo . Ibyo bivuze ko ugomba kubona urukingo rwa MMR cyangwa urukingo rwa MMRV. Byongeye kandi, ushobora kandi gukora ibi bikurikira kugira ngo wirinde rubella:

• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi, cyane cyane iyo urwaye.
• Ntugasangire n'abandi ibintu byawe bwite nk'ibikombe n'amasahani .
• Upfuke umunwa n'amazuru yawe igihe witsamura cyangwa ukorora.
• Niba ugiye mu mahanga, banza umenye mbere y'igihe niba indwara zandura nka rubella zikunze kugaragara muri icyo gihugu.
• Niba uteganya gushinga umuryango , ni ukuvuga kubyara umwana, ni ngombwa cyane gufata urukingo rwa rubella, cyangwa gupimwa ubudahangarwa bwa rubella, nibura ukwezi kumwe mbere yo kugerageza gutwita .

Ni izihe nkingo za rubella?

Urukingo rwa rubella rushobora gutangwa nk'urukingo rwa `MMR` cyangwa urukingo rwa `MMRV`.

• urukingo rwa `MMR`: Ibi bitanga uburinzi ku ndwara zose uko ari eshatu: Indwara z'iseru, Indwara z'ibicurane, na Rubella. Umuntu wese urengeje amezi 12 ashobora kubona uru rukingo.
• Urukingo rwa `MMRV` : Uru rukingo rutanga uburinzi ku ndwara zose uko ari enye: iseru, mumps, rubella, na porikisi (`(Inkoko / Varicella)`). Ariko, uru rukingo ruhabwa abana bari hagati y'amezi 12 n'imyaka 12 gusa .

Ni nde ushobora kubona urukingo rwa rubella? Ni nde utagomba kuruhabwa?

Abana benshi n'abantu bakuru barengeje amezi 12 bashobora kubona urukingo rwa rubella. Ariko, hari abantu badakeneye urukingo, abandi bashobora kutaruhabwa.

Ntukeneye urukingo rwa rubella niba:

• Niba waramaze gukingirwa (ushobora gukenera gutanga icyemezo cyanditse cy'ibi mugihe uri mu rugendo, ugiye ku ishuri, cyangwa ugiye ku kazi).
• Niba ikizamini cy'amaraso yawe cyemeje ko ufite ubudahangarwa bwa rubella (bivuze ko udafite ubudahangarwa bwa rubella).
• Niba waravutse mbere ya 1957. Kubera ko bikekwa ko hafi ya buri wese wavutse mbere y'uko urukingo ruboneka yarwaye rubella. (Ibi bishobora kuba muri Sri Lanka ku rugero runaka, ariko ni byiza kubibaza muganga).

Impuguke zivuga ko atari byiza kubona urukingo rwa rubella muri ibi bihe:

• Niba ufite ubwivumbure ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kiri mu rukingo .
• Niba utwite .
• Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bufite intege nke (`(ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanutse)` - urugero, bitewe na `(VIH/SIDA)`, kanseri, cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe ufata.
• Niba uherutse guterwa amaraso , baza muganga wawe niba ukwiye gusubika inkingo.
• Niba urwaye igituntu (igituntu) .
• Niba warahawe izindi nkingo mu byumweru bine bishize .

Niba ukomereka byoroshye, uva amaraso byoroshye, cyangwa ufite umuryango ufite ibibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, banza uganire na muganga mbere yo guhabwa urukingo rwa rubella.

Ni iki nkwiye kwitega nindwara rubella? Izamara igihe kingana iki?

Rubella ikunze kugaragara nk'indwara yoroheje ikira ubwayo. Ariko, ishobora kwanduzanya mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri, bityo ni byiza kwirinda abandi uko bishoboka kose mu gihe ufite ibimenyetso ndetse no mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe nyuma yuko ibisebe birangiye.

Niba urwaye rubella utwite, ganira na muganga wawe uburyo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana wawe uri mu nda.

Ibimenyetso bya rubella akenshi bimara iminsi itatu . Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kumara iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru kimwe.

Ni ryari nshobora gusubira ku kazi/ku ishuri?

Rubella ishobora kwandura nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe nyuma y'uko ibisebe bitangiye. Niba rero ufite ibisebe cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose, ntukajye ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri. Mbere yo gusubirayo, baza muganga wawe, aho ukorera, ku ishuri ryawe, cyangwa ku ishuri ry'umwana wawe icyo wakora.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na rubella?

Ingorane zikunze kugaragara kandi zikomeye za rubella ni ugukuramo inda no kurwara indwara ya rubella (CRS) twavuzeho. CRS igaragara ku bana bavutse ku babyeyi bafite rubella mu gihe batwite.

Byongeye kandi, ingorane zidasanzwe zirimo:

• Rubagimpande
• Umubare muto wa platelets mu maraso (thrombocytopenia)
• Kubyimba k'ubwonko (encephalitis)

Ese rubela ishobora gutera gukuramo inda?

Yego, iyo umugore utwite arwaye rubela, ashobora gukuramo inda. Nanone, umwana ashobora kugira ibibazo byo kuvukana nka cataract, indwara z'umutima, no kutumva neza.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'indwara ya rubella?

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ibimenyetso bya rubella, hita ubonana na muganga wawe . Niba uteganya gutwita, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kwirinda rubella mbere yo gutwita.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ER)?

Niba utwite kandi ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, jya kwa muganga ako kanya, cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze kiri hafi yawe:

• Kuva amaraso menshi cyane
• Kubabara mu gifu
• Umuriro
• Ubukonje

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga?

Ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni gute navura ibimenyetso byanjye ndi mu rugo?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo nirinde kwanduzanya indwara ya rubella ku bandi?
• Ni gute nakwirinda indwara ya rubella?
• Niba ntwite, cyangwa ntwite, narinda nte umwana wanjye uri mu nda ya Rubella?
• Ese nkwiye gukingirwa rubela?

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya rubela, iseru, n'inkoko?

Rubela, iseru, na porikisi bishobora gusa, kuko byose bitera uduheri. Ariko ni indwara eshatu zitandukanye . Ziterwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi .

Ni ubwoko ki bwa virusi ya rubella?

Rubella ni virusi yo mu muryango wa `(Rubivirus)`, ukomoka mu muryango wa `(Matonaviridae). Amakuru yayo yerekeye imiterere y'umubiri ari muri `(RNA)`. Iyi virusi ifite agakingirizo kayirinda (`(capsid)`) n'igipfundikizo (`(ibahasha)`) kiyifasha kwinjira mu turemangingo tw'umuntu. (Ibi ni ibintu bya siyansi gato, ariko ni byiza kubimenya bike.)

Amateka make kuri rubela n'inkingo

Mu bihe byashize, mbere yuko urukingo rwa rubella ruboneka, abantu benshi ku isi barwaraga rubella. Muri icyo gihe, rubella, cyane cyane ku bagore batwite, yajyanaga no kurwara indwara ya rubella (CRS) iterwa no kuvamo inda nyinshi, gukuramo inda no gupfa kw'abana bato.

Ariko, nyuma yo gutangira gukingirwa kwa rubella (hafi mu 1969), umubare w'abarwayi ba rubella ku isi waragabanutse cyane. Ubu, kubera gukingirwa, rubella ntikunze kugaragara. Ariko, kubera ko rubella ikiri mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ni ngombwa ko twese tubimenya kandi tugakingirwa kandi tugakomeza kurindwa.

Nubwo indwara ya rubella isanzwe ari indwara yoroheje, ishobora guteza akaga gakomeye ku bagore batwite . Iyo urwaye rubella utwite, umwana wawe aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kw'ingingo no kurwara indwara zishobora kumuviramo urupfu. Gukingirwa bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura rubella no kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, twavuze byinshi kuri rubella. Muri make, dore ibintu bike ugomba kwibuka:

• Rubella ni indwara iterwa na virusi . Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni uduheri.
• Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwandura rubella, ni ikibazo gikomeye iyo umubyeyi utwite ayirwaye . Ishobora gutera indwara ikomeye ku mwana uri mu nda yitwa "Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)".
• CRS ishobora gutera ubusembwa bw'umwana mu kureba, kumva, umutima, n'ubwonko .
• Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda rubela ni uguhabwa urukingo rwa MMR , cyane cyane mbere yo gutwita.
• Rubela ishobora kwandurira mu gukorora, kwitsamura, cyangwa gukora ku bintu byanduye virusi .
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya rubella, hita ubonana na muganga kandi wirinde abandi.
• Niba utwite kandi ufite ibimenyetso bya rubella (cyane cyane kuva amaraso menshi, kubabara mu nda, umuriro, n'ubukonje), shaka ubufasha kwa muganga byihutirwa.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Rubella , Indwara y'Abadage, Indwara ya Rubella yo mu gihe cyo kuvuka, urukingo